译林牛津版六年级知识点整理

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1、知识点归纳班级:姓名:句子时态归纳一、一般现在时(句子中通常有 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every, on Mondays/)1、句型结构:主语 +V.(s)如果主语是三单,谓语动词加s 或者 es.例如: Helen likes listening to music.My sister has a toy cat.如果主语不是三单,谓语动词用原形。例如: I like listening to music.I have a toy cat.2、动词 +s/es形式(1)一般动词后加s 如 reads(2)以 s、 x 、 ch、 s

2、h 结尾 ,加 es 如 watches (3)以辅音字母 +o 结尾 ,一般加 es 如 goes(4)辅音 +y 结尾 ,变 y 为 i ,再加 es如 worries.二、一般现在进行时(句子中通常有now,listen, look, 具体时间等)1、句型结构:主语 + be +V.ing例如: I am singing in the classroom. Liu Tao is reading in the bedroom.2、动词 ing 形式(1)一般情况直接加ing, play playing(2)以不发音的“ e”结尾,去“ e”加 ing, skate skating(3)双写

3、词尾字母加ing,sitsitting, swim swimming, runrunning, putputting, get getting, beginbeginning, shopshopping, stopstopping三、一般过去时(句子中通常有 just now, ago, yesterday,last, before 等)1、句型结构:主语 + V.ed谓语动词加 ed(不规则动词: go-went, come-came等)例如: I listened to music last night.Liu Tao went to the zoo yesterday.2、动词 ed 形

4、式(1)一般情况直接 +ede.g. play played(2)闭音节单词双写末尾单词+ede.g. stopstopped, shop shopped(3)原形与过去式同型e.g. read-read,hit-hit , put-put,let-let, cut-cut, loselost(4)以辅音 +y 结尾去 y 变 i+ede.g. copy-copied, cry-cried, study-studied,become-became(5)不规则动词的过去式is-wasam-wasare-weredo-didcan-couldbegin-beganbring-broughtbuy-

5、boughtcatch-caughtteach-taughtchoose-chosecome-cameget-gotdraw-drewkeep-keptdrive-droveeat-atefind-foundfly-flewforget-forgot1hear-heardgive-gavego-wentgrow-grewhave-haddrink-dranktry-triedknow-knewlearn-learnt/learned make-madesend-sentmeet-methold-heldwear-woreride-rodering-rangrun-ransay-saidsee-

6、sawshall-shouldsing-sangsit-satsleep-sleptspeak-spokespend-spentstand-stoodsweep-sweptswim-swamtake-tookteach-taught四、一般将来时(句子中通常有tomorrow, next, soon,this afternoon,this evening)谓语动词结构是: be going to +do(表示计划、打算做 ) 或者 will +do (表示即将发生 )句型结构:主语 + be going to / will + V .原形例如:I am going to have an Eng

7、lish lesson tomorrow. He will have an English lesson tomorrow.动词使用1、用动词原形(1)情态动词: can,cant ,should,shouldnt,must,mustnt,could,couldnt,will ,wont后面用动词原形 ,(2)助动词 do, dont, does,doesnt,did,didnt后面用动词原形。(3)let, help 后面用动词原形2、动词加 inglike doing, love doing, go doing, finish doing, stop doing No doing(禁止做某

8、事 e.g. No eating or drinking.)介词( be good at,about, for)后面动词加 ing 等3、加 to 加动词原形want to do,would like to do ,have to do(不得不做某事) ,be going to do ,how to do(怎么样做某事), it s time to do(的时间到了) , forget to do (忘记做 ), remember to do(记得做),try to do (试着做 ),use/reuse to do(用 /再利用 做 ),主格,宾格,形容词性物主代词主格宾格形物我(的)Ime

9、my我们(的)weusour你(的)youyouyour你们(的)youyouyou他(的)hehimhis她(的)sheherher它(的)ititits他们(的)theythemtheir动词和介词后用宾格:动词如: help( help me) / let (let us) / make (you)介词如: for(me) / from(him) /to (you) 2名词使用1、 a lot of, lots of,some,a few,many, how many 后面加可数名词复数, a lot of,lots of, some, a little ,much, how much

10、后面加不可数名词。2、可数名词与不可数名词的分类可数名词不可数名词sweet(s), cake(s), ice cream(s), egg(s),noodle(s), hamburger(s), sandwich(es),hot dog(s), lollipop(s), sausage(s),water, milk, juice, coffee, cola, tea, soup,steamed bun(s), vegetable(s), carrot(s),porridge, cereal, rice, bread, meatbean(s), tomato(es), potato(es), a

11、pple(s),pear(s), peach(es), mango(es), grape(s)3、名词单复数(1)一般情况, +s(2)名词以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾, +es(3)名词以“o”结尾,有生命的 +es(如 potato potatoes);无生命的 +s(如 photo photos)(4)名词以“ y”结尾,元音( a,e,i,o,u) +y 结尾直接 +s;辅音 +y 结尾去 y 变 i+es (5)名词以“ f ”/“ fe”结尾,去 f/fe 变 ve+s(6)特殊: man men, tooth teeth,foot feet,child children形容词,副

12、词1. 形容词用于修饰名词: He is a happy boy. 副词用于修饰动词: He always sing happily.2. 连系动词用形容词修饰: be 动词 (is, am, are), look, feel, keep, smell, taste, sound, get, become, make举例: look happy, feel good, keep healthy, smell nice, taste good, sound good, become sunny3. 形容词到副词的变化规律形容词副词形容词副词形容词副词一般情况直接 +ly特殊变化辅音 +y 结尾,

13、 去 y 变 i +lybeautifulbeautifullygoodwellhappyhappilycarefulcarefully形容词、副词同形angryangrilyloudloudlyhighhigheasyeasilybadbadlyfastfastbusybusilyexcitedexcitedlyearlyearlyheavyheavilyquietquietlylatelatequickquicklyslowslowlysadsadly动词变职业名词1、动词 +er/r 结尾:play - player, teach - teacher, sing - singer, wo

14、rk - worker ,3clean - cleaner, drive - driver , write - writer , dance - dancer, paint - painter,love - lover , travel - traveller2、 +orvisit - visitor3、 -ist 结尾:piano - pianist,science - scientist, art - artist,牙医 dentist 4、 - man 结尾:post - postman, milk - milkman , space - spaceman, fire - fireman

15、_ 5、男 /女职业:police - policeman(男), police - policewoman(女)act - actor(男), act - actress(女)wait - waiter (男), wait - waitress(女)6、医生 doctor,护士 nurse,农民 farmer,宇航员 astronaut7、 China 中国 -Chinese中国人America 美国 -American 美国人France 法国 -French 法国人the UK 英国 -British 英国人 England 英国 - English 英国人 Australia 澳大利亚

16、 - Australian 澳大利亚人Japan日本 - Japanese日本人the US/ America 美国 - American 美国人句型转化一、 一般疑问句做法:(1)有 Be 动词(amis arewaswere)时,将 Be 动词提到句首,剩余部分照抄;(2)有情态动词can/would/must/will/should时,将 can/would/must/will/should提到句首,剩余部分照抄;(3)没有 Be 动词( amis arewaswere)和情态动词 can/would/must/will/should时,句首用助动词 do/does/did;(4)注意点

17、: I 变 you, my 变 your, us 变 you, me 变 you, our 变 your.some 变 any二、 否定句(1)在句中的动词amis arewaswere或 can/would/must/will/should后面加 not.(2)如果没有 amis arewaswere或 can/would/must/will/should就在动词前加 dont,doesnt或 didnt.三、划线部分提问:根据划线内容找到疑问词。问物品: what问时间: what time问地点: where问数量: how many问年龄: how old问价格: how much问颜

18、色: what colour问人名: who问谁的: whose问形状: what shape(注意问正在做某事问句句型:What doing?)四、同义句1、 Its time to 加动词原形 = It s time for 加名词4e.g. Its time to have lunch.It stime for lunch.2、 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.e.g. Please send me some photos. = Please send some photos to me.3、 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb

19、.e.g. Please show me some photos. = Please show some photos to me.4、 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.e.g. Please buy me some photos. = Please buy some photos for me.5、 How about ? = What about?6、 What time is it? = What is the time?7、 What is the weather like? = How is the weather?8、 come from = be f

20、rome.g. Where do you come from? = Where are you from?I come from China. = I am from China.9. What + 名词短语! = How + 形容词 +名词!e.g. What a nice book! = How nice the book is!10. be good at=do well ineg: I mgood at playing basketball.=I do well in playing basketball.11. look after=take care ofEg: You shoul

21、d look after your little sister.= You should take care of your little sister.12. He walks to school every day.=He goes to school on foot every day.几点补充说明1、 excited 用来形容人, exciting 用来形容事物, excitedly 用来形容人的动作。2、 There be句型(1)就近原则。例如: There is an apple and some pears.There are some pears and an apple.(

22、2)问物的问句只能: What is +方位词例如: Whatson the desk? There are some books.(3)there be句型的将来时态:There is/are going to beThere will be 3、序数词一般词尾加 th,1,2,3,特殊记: one-first, two-second,three-third;8 减 t :eight-eighth; 9 减 e:nine-ninth;ve 要用 f 替: five-fifth , twelve-twelfth ;见 y 变成 i 和 e,加上 th 莫忘记: twenty-twentieth

23、,thirty-thirtieth ,forty-fortieth ;若要遇见几十几, 只变个位就可以: twenty-two(序数词) twenty-second,thirty-nine(序数词)thirty-ninth还有一点莫忘记,前面还有the4、日期表达:5日期的表达由以下结构组成:(1) 序数词 月份(2) the +序数词 +of +月份例如:十月一日1st October 或者 the first of October ,附:月份单词一月 January二月 February三月 March四月 April五月 May六月 June七月 July八月 August九月 Sept

24、ember十月 October十一月 November十二月 December附:星期单词星期天 Sunday星期一Monday星期二Tuesday 星期三Wednesday星期四 Thursday 星期五Friday星期六Saturday5、时间的表达:1.直接表达法A. 用基数词 + oclock 来表示整点如: eight oclock 八点钟B. 用基数词按钟点 + 分钟的顺序直接写出时间 .如: six forty 六点四十2.间接表达法A. 如果分钟数少于 30 分钟 ,可用分钟 + past + 钟点表示,如: twenty past four 四点二十B. 如果分钟数多于 30

25、 分钟 ,可用( 60 分钟 -原分钟数) + to +(原钟点数 + 1)表示,如:8:35 可表示为 twenty-five to nine 八点三十五(其中的分钟数twenty-five 是由 60 分钟减去 35 分钟得 到的;钟点数 nine 是由 8 加上 1 得到的) .C. 当分钟数是 15 分钟时 ,可用名词 quarter (一刻钟)表示 .如: 7:15 可表示为 a quarter past sevenD. 当分钟数是 30 分钟时,可用名词 half (一半)表示 .如: 9:30 可表示为 half past nine6、 rain, rain, rainy 区分:

26、a. Theres a lot of rain in Suzhou in spring. (rain 名词,不可数名词)b. Does it often rain in summer in the UK?(rain 动词)c. Its often rainy in my hometown.( rainy 形容词)7、 help sb. with sth.与 help sb do sth. 区分a. Can you help me with my Maths?b. I often help my parents do housework.8、系动词( make, feel, keep, tast

27、e, smell, get, look, sound, become, )be后加形容词。文化小知识:1. This is an American cowboy. Hes wearing jeans. 这是一个美国牛仔。他正穿着牛仔裤。2. This is a Scottish man. Hes wearing a kilt. 这是一个苏格兰男人。他正穿着一条苏格兰短裙。3. There are three main school holidays in the UK. They are the Easter holiday, the summer holidayand the Christm

28、as holiday. 在英国有三个主要的学校假期。它们是复活节假期,暑假和圣诞节假期。4. The Americans invented the aeroplane.美国人发明了飞机。5. The British invented the train. 英国人发明了火车。66. In the UK, people call the metro“ underground ”.7. In the US, people call the metro“ subway”.8. Earth Day is on 22nd April. 地球日在 4 月 22 日。9. World Environment

29、Day is on 5th June. 世界环境日在 6 月 5 日。10. Christmas is the most important holiday in the UK. 圣诞节是英国最重要的节日。11. Chinese New Year is the most important festival in China. We also call it “Spring Festival”. 在中国新年是最重要的节日。12. Thanksgiving is a very important holiday in the US. 在美国感恩节是一个非常重要的节日。13. This Aesop

30、s Fables. You can find many animal stories in it. 这是伊索寓言。你可以在书中找到很多动物的故事。14. This is a Chinese idiom book. You can also find many animal stories in it. 这是一本中国成语故事书。你也能在书中找到许多动物故事。15. Chinese people often have some porridge and steamed buns for breakfast中.国人早餐经常喝粥,吃包子。16. Western people often have ce

31、real, bread, eggs and sausages for breakfast西.方人早餐经常吃麦片,面包,鸡蛋和香肠。17. In the UK, people drive on the left side of the road. 在英国,人们在道路左侧开车。18. In China, except Hong Kong and Macau, people drive on the right side of the road在.中国,除了香港和澳门,人们在道路的右侧开车。19. In China, except Hong Kong and Macau, people must f

32、irst look left, then right and then left again when they cross the road.在中国,除了香港和澳门,人们过马路时,先向左看,再向右后,再向左看。20. In the UK, people must first look right, then left and then right again when they cross the road.在英国人们过马路时,先向右看,再向左后,再向右看。21. When you go to a Western party, you should take a gift. Do not a

33、rrive too early. You can be a few minutes late. 当你去参加一个西方派对时,你应该带上一份礼物。别到的太早。你可以晚几分钟到。22. Youll find the Great Wall, Summer Palace, Palace Museum, Tiananmen Square, the Bund in China. 在中国你可以找到长城,颐和园,故宫,天安门,外滩。23. Youll find Yellowstone National Park, the Grand Canyon in the US. 在美国,你可以找到黄石国家公园,大峡谷。2

34、4. Youll find Stonehenge, Buckingham Palace in the UK. 在英国,你可以找到巨石阵,白金汉宫。25. Youll find Big Ben, London Eye, Tower Bridge in London. 在伦敦,你可以找到大本钟,伦敦眼,伦敦塔桥。26. Youll find Disneyland, Ocean Park in Hong Kong. 在香港,你可以找到迪士尼乐园, 海洋公园。27. Youll find the Great Barrier Reef, Uluru in Australia. 在澳大利亚, 你可以找到大堡礁, 乌鲁鲁巨石。28. Youll find Niagara Falls in Canada. 在加拿大,你可以找到尼亚加拉大瀑布。7

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