电动汽车商业计划书

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1、Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared in

2、vasion, it would have been completed. Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel. If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.Lesson65 Jumbo versus the police 小象对警察Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take so

3、me presents to a childrens hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman appro

4、ached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo

5、must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wi

6、mpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile.

7、While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and un

8、usual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active

9、volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photogra

10、phs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he

11、 managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he

12、saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around

13、 all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had fini

14、shed speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so

15、 successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a chil

16、d suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal har

17、d and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of

18、 the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, howe

19、ver, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for h

20、im, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If

21、 the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremel

22、y accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A pai

23、nter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville

24、Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first ru

25、n. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an ho

26、ur. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinem

27、a seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered

28、 that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre o

29、f Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus s

30、topped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic,

31、said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themsel

32、ves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh,

33、is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and

34、her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the ni

35、ght, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in t

36、he snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer,

37、we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here

38、you can see two workers who, between them, 商 业 计 划 书项目名称 液体循环式锌空电动汽车电池孵化与产业化项目陕西锌霸动力有限公司二OO九年五月摘要第一章 基本情况第二章 技术及优势比较第三章 行业及市场前景第四章 产业化公司组建方案第五章 产业化建设方案第六章 效益测算第七章 风险分析与控制（略）第八章 股改与上市计划（略）附件技术方成果、各种技术及资质文件（略）第一章 基本情况陕西锌覇动力有限公司的金属（锌）储能发电（电源）技术，在徐杨（技术发明人）的带领下自筹资金经十余年的努力和无数次的探索、研究，取得了移动发电和储能发电等专项技术研究成果，

39、其技术可广泛应用到电动汽车、轮船等移动电源、军事单兵火炮、通讯电源、无电网区域供电、企业利用峰谷差节能、电网电站的削峰填谷以及发电衍生品试剂级氧化锌、磷酸二氢钾的生产等。截止2009年12月该项技术获得发明专利、实用新型专利共计10余项。该项液体循环式锌空气电池技术在于1999年被原国家科学技术委员会列为“国家重大科技产业工程”，其名称为“电动汽车重大科技产业工程”。2001年9月通过了原信息产业部化学物理电源产品质量监督检验中心检测。在2009年深圳高交会上获得“优秀产品奖”。1998年始，本技术以西安通锐新能源有限责任公司操作，当时锌储能、发电技术阶段性成果（液体循环式锌空气电池）受到国家

40、领导人和科技部的高度评价、20多位院士莅临指导。之后，由于国际、国内环保节能减排政策不明朗及扶植措施尚未推出，所开发产品及市场定位超前较多，产业化之路阻力较大。为此，公司把产品开发调整为侧重公司内部技术开发、技术人员培训谋练内功，继续完善技术和产品。于2009年7月通过资源优化组合调整，更名为陕西锌覇动力有限公司，专注于产品开发和技术推广。徐扬先生自1998年，历经十余年的努力研究成功自循环动力电池技术，取得发明专利，在2002年公司汽车动力电源产品改装的依维柯中巴曾供国家领导人乘坐试用，在目前国家大力提倡和推进新能源汽车的大背景下，公司为尽快将技术应用于汽车领域形成现实生产力造福社会，特拟定

41、商业拓展计划，与志同道合的投资伙伴共同发展汽车动力电源的事业。第二章 技术及优势比较（一）目前汽车新能源现状目前中国的新能源汽车主要分成两类，一类可以定义为通过其它可燃物质液化气化代替汽油驱动内燃机的形式；另一类就是纳入关于开展节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点工作的通知试点补贴范围的，代表未来汽车发展方向的混合动力、纯电动和燃料电池汽车，业内称其为电动汽车类。电动车的蓬勃发展及远大前景，促进了电池技术的发展，世界各大汽车公司纷纷投巨资并采取结盟的方式研究各种类型的电池。为适应电动车的需要, 电动车用电池目前发展也很快。从目前我国电动汽车的技术水平来看，最为重要的电机、电控、电池三个部分的技术都已基

42、本成熟，也能满足产业化的要求，相比之下只有电池的技术有待提高，这也是制约我国新能源汽车产业发展的一个主要环节。国家面对金融危机提出九大振兴产业纲要。其中，新能源汽车产业国家将在三年安排500亿元资金对其进行扶持。将在五年内使电动汽车所占比例达到10%以上。当前我国电动车用电池的研究和应用的范围很广, 基本上涉及了世界上主流的几种电动车用电池。1、铅酸电池目前，电动汽车上应用最广泛的电源是铅酸蓄电池，其应用的历史最长，也是最成熟的电池。以其制造工艺简单、原材料来源丰富、价格适中在二次化学电源中起着不可替代的作用。铅酸蓄电池最大的弊端是不利于环境保护和可持续性发展，二次污染严重。且该类电池充电时间

43、长，快速充电也要4-6h；比能量只有30wh/kg；一次充电的行程短，一般约在30-40km；放电过程中极板容易变形，寿命短。在改进铅酸电池性能方面，人们开发了胶体电池。胶体电池也是铅酸电池范畴的二次电池。它的性能、价格与铅酸电池差不多，只是由于胶体电解质具有不易渗漏性，能保证电源使用的可靠性。从寿命讲，胶体电池是现在铅酸电池的4倍以上，在50-30仍能很好工作，且工作性能相当稳定，可谓是比铅酸电池性能有了大幅度提高。尽管胶体电池有许多优点，但单位电池的存储能量和放电倍率、重量等，均不能满足需求，另外，随着人们对环保要求的提高，其终归要退出历史舞台的。2、镍氢电池镍氢电池的正极采用金属氢氧化镍

44、，负极使用吸氢合金。镍氢动力电池具有无污染、高比能、大功率、快速充放电、耐用性等许多优异特性。与铅酸电池相比，镍氢电池具有比能量高、重量轻、体积小、循环寿命长的特点；与镍镉电池相比，其比能量是镍镉电池的两倍。另一大优点就是镍氢电池不含有镉、铅这类有毒金属，其中一些金属还有较高的回收价值，符合绿色能源的要求。镍氢电池的主要特点： 、比能量、比功率高。、循环次数多：目前应用在电动车上的镍氢动力电池，80放电深度（DOD）循环可以达1000次以上，为铅酸电池的3倍以上。100DOD循环寿命也在500次以上。在混合动力汽车中可使用5年以上。、无污染：不含铅、镉等对人体有害的金属，为“绿色环保电源”。、

45、耐过充过放。、无记忆效应。、使用温度范围宽：正常使用温度范围-3055；贮存温度范围-4070。镍氢电池现在正得到广泛应用，已经成为混合动力汽车主流电池。但是高昂的价格和资源问题限制了其推广和发展。并且由于存在着高温使用电荷量急剧下降等缺点，镍氢电池并非是理想电池，也有可能只是一个过渡性的二次电池。3、锂电池锂电池可分为锂离子电池和锂分子(高聚合物)电池两种。锂电池具有体积小，比能量和比功率高、电压高、高安全性(固态)、环保性好和无污染性等优点。锂电池的能量密度几乎是镍镉电池的1.5-3倍，也就是说在同样大小能量的情况下，锂电池的体积和质量可减小1/2左右。单元电池的平均电压为3.6V，相当于

46、3个镍镉或镍氢电池串接起来的电压值。能减少电池组合体的数量，从而因单元电池电压差所造成的电池故障的概率可减少许多，也就是说大大延长了电池组合体的寿命。相对于镍镉电池和镍氢电池，充电时不用先进行放电(因锂电池无记忆性)，给使用带来了极大的方便性，同时也节省了电能。锂电池还具备自放电低的优点在非使用状态下贮存，内部几乎不发生化学反应，相当稳定。锂电池的自放电率仅为5%-10%。锂电池不含有镉、汞和铅等重金属，属于绿色的环保电池。由于锂离子(分子)电池的负极采用的是硬石墨电极，从端子电压的测定就能清楚知道电池所剩的电荷量，具有检测精度高等实际应用上的优点。比能量比功率高是镍氢等电池无法与之相比的。这

47、也是人们所以看中锂电池的根本所在。磷酸铁锂电池使用磷酸铁锂作为正极材料的电池，现在主要方向是动力电池。 这种新材料不同于以往的锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiMO2，其安全性能与循环寿命是其它材料所无法相比的，这些也正是动力电池最重要的技术指标。1C充放循环寿命达2000次。单节电池过充电压30V不燃烧，不爆炸。穿刺不爆炸。磷酸铁锂正极材料做出大容量锂离子电池更易串联使用。磷酸铁锂完全解决了钴酸锂和锰酸锂的安全隐患问题，钴酸锂和锰酸锂在强烈的碰撞下会产生爆炸对消费者的生命安全构成威胁，而磷酸铁锂以经过严格的安全测试即使在最恶劣的交通事故中也不会产生爆炸堪为最特色的锂电池

48、。该类电池已经被列入了“十五”期间的“863”国家高科技发展计划，成为国家重点支持和鼓励发展的项目。综上所述，锂电池已日臻完善，电动自行车用的锂离子蓄电池将是首先商业化、大批量在车上使用的动力型电池。它将是继铅蓄电池之后所占比例较大的实用化电池。工信部发布的新能源汽车企业及产品准入标准，将锂离子电池纯电动轿车列为“发展期产品” 4、其它燃料电池将化学能直接转换成电能供给电动机来驱动车辆。它的主要优点是: 效率高, 可节省燃料；零排放； 噪音小等，特别适合于做车辆动力源。氢燃料电池车将是理想的、最终取代以石油产品为燃料的汽车。氢燃料电池近年来引起人们的关注，许多研究机构也投入了大量资金加大研发力

49、度。这种电池虽然具有很多自身优势，但在氢能源的生产、运输、储存等方面还存在尚未解决的难题，很难实现商业化。更关键的问题是目前的车用质子交换膜燃料电池要用铂作催化剂，而铂的世界贮量有限，根本无法满足普及化的燃料电池电动车需要。总之，未来新能源汽车替代传统汽车趋势将成为必然，动力电池作为新能源汽车的“心脏”，将催生庞大的产业经济效应，对电池原材料供应商和厂商来说都是巨大的商业蛋糕。（二）以充电作为i能源补充的方式是制约电动汽车普及的瓶颈充电系统为电动汽车运行提供能量补给，是电动汽车的重要基础支撑系统，也是电动汽车商业化、产业化过程中的重要环节。正如燃油汽车那样，电动汽车要被广泛使用，完善的配套设施

50、不可缺少。那么，具备动力补充与维修服务这2项最重要，也是最基本功能的电动汽车充电站，就是电动汽车发展与广泛应用所需的配套设施的核心所在。目前，建立一家为混合动力车以及电动车提供充电服务充电站所花成本，大约在200万300万元人民币之间。靠单一企业大规模地建设充电站显然是不大可能的。这就形成了两个悖论：没有一定数量的电动汽车，电网企业不愿意建立更多的充电站，而没有一定数量的充电站，消费者就不愿意买电动汽车。没有较多的消费者购买，电动汽车的产量必定很少，生产成本就降不下来；价格过高，消费者就同样也不愿意购买电动汽车。 同时，随着电动汽车的逐步推广和产业化以及电动汽车技术的日益发展，充电快速、智能，

51、电能转换高效是各类电动汽车对充电站的技术的一致要求，一般充电时间在8小时。许多厂家为迎合消费者缩短充电时间的心理，打出快充15分钟即可完成80%的广告语，与此同时，他们却闭口不谈这是要以降低电池使用寿命为代价的。现有的快速充电方法让消费者为降低了使用寿命的电池买单，电池的存储能量会下降一半，寿命也会减半，是一种得不偿失的做法，更不会被广大消费者所接受。更重要的是在中国发展充电站必须考虑现实的国情。中国人均汽车保有量在快速增长，泊车车位紧张，找车位停车已是问题，哪里还有地方让你停车充电数小时？加之160公里的续驶里程，使充电次数更加频繁，即使有了需庞大投资量建成的充电网络，如何去向加油一样便捷的

52、完成充电。如果采取快速更换电池的方法，又要增加大量的成本，又要增加大量的成本。锂电池的成本本来就高。充电站建设需要社会的公共资源，如公共停车场，小区停车场等。另外，一次性购买成本较高，如比亚迪F3DM价格14.98万相比其同款汽油车高出了9万多元。目前，电池是电动汽车成本的50%。简而言之，现今的充电系统无法满足普通消费者对便宜、快捷的需求。无论是镍氢电池或锂电池都必须利用市电进行充电，需要匹配相应的充电场所，这是短时期内所无法解决的。目前国家电网和中国石油、中国石化正在各地争取土地建设充电装置，但是充电车辆能够有足够的场地可供充电其场地的规模无法想象，将会成为制约以充电方式补充能源的电动汽车

53、发展的瓶颈。（三）锌空气电池技术原理锌空气电池的原理早在100年前就已经出现，先将其相关情况介绍如下：1、 锌空气电池的基本原理是：正极：1/2O2+H2O+2e2OH负极：ZnZn+2e电池总反应： 1/2O2+ Zn = Zn O即利用空气中的氧气和金属锌在催化剂的作用下进行反应而产生直流电，其反应生成物氧化锌经过电解还原（既储能）又生成金属锌，从而再次投入反应，再放电、再还原（再储能），如此循环往复。由于正极使用的是取之不尽的空气，无需成本，而负极使用的是锌，锌的储量大、易获取，且性能稳定、比能量高，电化学行为研究又比较充分，在未来将可成为储能发电、移动电源等方面的主流产品。因此，锌空气

54、电池既是一种高效储能工具，又是一种燃料电池，既可以作为原电池用，又可作为充电电池用。只要不断提供燃料锌，就可以连续输出电能。2、锌空气电池的主要特点价格低廉。锌空气电池的反应物质是锌和空气。我国是锌储量较为丰富的国家, 锌在提炼、生产、加工过程中无污染问题。空气更是取之不尽, 用之不竭。搭配价格低廉的碳催化剂以及其它简单的附属设备即成为锌空气电池产品。比能量大，输出电流、电压平稳。锌空气电池比能量理论值是1350wh/kg，工作电压平稳，大电流放电和脉冲放电性能良好，能够在很大的工作电流范围内输出要求的容量。充电时间更短更便捷。采取机械式再充的锌空气电池产品，更换单片电极在3min即可完成。换

55、上新的锌电极，“充电”即告结束。它是一种有别于利用市电充电的常规二次电池的新型二次电池，省去了充电站等社会保障设施的兴建。锌电极可在超市、电池经营点、汽配商店等购买，对普及此电池电动车十分有利。绿色环保。锌空气电池可成为一个“资源产品资源再生”的闭环反馈式循环过程。放电结束的锌空气电池通过将反应产物氧化锌电解，其电解产物锌与氢氧化钾就可以成为再生资源重新利用到电池系统中。锌空气电池通过取出需要的定型设计可以保证电池放电结束后氧化锌物质的回收，由工厂统一处理再生成一组新的电池。电池的销售者不仅销售电池, 还需要提供后续的更换、再生服务，这种产品的设计将锌空气电池产业定型为一种循环经济下的新型服务

56、型产业。锌空气电池无论在性能方面，还是在成本方面，其综合性价比有着显著的优势，更有着深远的发展前景。但是，传统锌空气电池未被广泛应用是因其存在致命的缺点。3、传统锌空气电池未被广泛应用的原因锌极易钝化，空气中氧气直接进入电池溶于电解液，致锌电极氧化，从而锌电极钝化，导致化学反应衰减，影响锌电极的活性、电压、电流的输出。锌枝的生长。由于锌电极本身的自放电反应，使锌腐蚀产生锌枝晶，当锌枝晶长到一定程度，就会刺穿电池隔膜，使电池发生短路。电解液干涸和上涨。由于空气电极露于空气中，必然会发生电解液水分的蒸发和吸潮问题。这些问题将改变电解液的性能，使电池性能下降。电解液的碳酸盐化，氧进入电池的同时，空气

57、中二氧化碳也进入电池，溶于电解液中，使其碳酸化，内阻增大。同时，碳酸盐在正极上析出使正极的性能下降，影响放电性能，寿命下降。自放电严重，存储性能差。 针对传统锌空气电池存在的电解液易干涸、上涨和碳酸盐化，锌电极易钝化，自放电严重等种种弊端，陕西锌覇动力有限公司另辟蹊径，在锌空气电池研制中跳出了传统的思路，解决了抗腐性碳用于空气电机基体、新氧电极催化剂、新锌电极等国内外关于锌空气电池的重大课题，在传统的锌空气电池存在的一系列问题上取得了突破性进展，研制成功了世界首创的“液体循环式锌空气电池”。4、液体循环式锌空气电池与传统锌空气电池的比较优势经权威部门检测其技术参数达到世界先进水平。高能量密度、

58、高功率密度。锌霸产品的质量比能量下限为400-1000wh/kg，目前质量比功率的水平为60-180w/kg，超过美国先进电池联合会（USABC）中期性能指标（150w/kg），因而装备到车辆上就能获得更长的续驾驶里程，并具有较好的加速和爬坡能力。输出电流和输出电压更加平稳。传统的锌空气电池在使用中锌极反应生成物会附着在极板上，越来越厚，导致锌极和电解液接触不良，输出的电流会逐渐减弱，电压也会不断降低。将电解液改为循环式，在流动中不断冲刷锌极板表面带走反应生成物，不仅避免了发热、气涨、钝化、存储困难、自放电、电解液易干涸等困扰传统锌空气电池的老问题，更使得锌极板表面始终处于最佳的电化学状态。充

59、电时间更短、更便捷。一般的蓄电池充电要数小时，传统的锌空气电池更换全部一组极板也需要10-20min，更换极板时需要车辆停止行使，操作相对不便。“液体循环式锌空气电池”锌粉自动添加，电解液更换由泵输送，整个过程只需5min。实现了放电的自动控制，大大提高了电池的使用寿命。循环使用电池放电结束的生成物主要是氧化锌。用电解还原，得到锌粉和氢氧化钾溶液，再次投入使用，循环往复。积木式排列组合，电压根据需要随意调节，容量任意设置。价格低廉。售价大约为90美元/kwh，是目前价位最低的一种高能动力电池。无噪音，零排放，对环境无污染，清洁环保。安全性高，稳定性强。锌储藏量丰富，易获取。（四）“液体循环式锌

60、空气电池”与其它车用电池的性能比较：1、能源补充快捷。铅酸电池、锂电池、镍氢电池都需要很长的充电时间，特别是铅酸电池不能长期深度放电。充电时间长，充电频繁给用户带来不便，锌空电池在使用上不存在这个问题，添加锌粉盒只需几分钟的时间。2、续行里程长。续行里程为400公里以上，超过一般燃料电池，且电流、电压、功率随用途不同随意调节。3、比能量高，比功率大。锌空气电池是一种性能十分优良的金属空气电池，它的单元电池的正极为空气极，负极为金属(锌)电极。锌空气电池性能优异，特别是比能量很高。实际重量比能量为4001000whkg，重量比功率60180w/，这是现在所有化学电源中最高的，实际比能量也是最高的

61、。4、 一致性优良。他的燃料可反复使用，又是体外电解还原的特点，不存在不一致性的问题。5、 使用费用低，只有其他动力电池的1/4-2/3。6、 使用寿命长，且所有材料可再生利用，零排放。7、 无环境污染，成本低。综上所述，“液体循环式锌空气电池”将成为各国开发电动车电池的首选品种之一。（五）与同类电池指标参数比较与其它电池比较：第三章 液体循环式锌空电动汽车动力电源应用商业模式文字补充描述第四章 行业政策与市场前景分析一、国家政策支持背景每当一次石油危机或经济危机到来的时候，科技革新总会成为发动经济的强劲引擎。当下全球经济乍暖还寒之时，正急需一场新能源革命引领我们走出目前的困境。新能源是永恒的

62、主题投资。地球上的能源是有限的，大量消费会导致非可再生能源资源枯竭。在开发自然、利用自然资源时，既要保证今天经济的适度增长和结构优化，又要保持资源永久利用和环境优化。因此，发展新能源已经不仅仅是对抗石油短缺的利器，更是经济和社会可持续发展的要求。世界各国已经就大力发展新能源形成一种默契，美欧日韩等发达经济体纷纷把发展新能源作为摆脱经济衰退、创造就业机会、抢占未来发展制高点的重要战略产业。据国家发改委能源研究所研究员董路影透露，我国目前正在拟定中的新能源产业振兴计划，其力度将比现有政策“大得多”，更加肯定了新能源的重要地位。预计到2020年，中国在新能源领域的总投资将超过3万亿元。国家发改委早在

63、去年就出台了可再生能源中长期发展规划，制定了支持可再生能源发展的法规和政策。我国经济发展和循环经济兴起给再生资源产业发展带来新的机遇期，将作为发展循环经济的关键产业而得到迅速发展。再生资源产业已成为全球蓬勃发展的绿色产业、新兴产业。在未来30年内，再生资源产业为全球提供的原料将由目前占原料总量的30提高到80左右，产值超过3万亿美元，提供3亿以上就业岗位，将形成“有多少旧就再生多少新”、“天下无废物”的循环经济、循环社会与循环世界。再生资源产业是未来蓬勃发展的朝阳产业，产业链的各个环节，各家公司都将长期受益。2009年2月6日，财政部和科技部联合出台了节能与新能源汽车示范推广财政补助资金管理暂

64、行办法。17日，财政部、科技部、发改委、工业和信息化部四部委在京为13个节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点城市授牌，进一步明确财政补贴的标准，并对推进试点工作做出具体部署。会议决定，在北京、上海、重庆、长春、大连、杭州、济南、武汉、深圳、合肥、长沙、昆明、南昌13个城市开展节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点工作。简称“十城千辆”，新能源汽车给予从4000元到6万元不等的财政补贴。目前，试点城市突破了原计划的10个，增加到13个。在国家相关财政支持政策和会议精神出台前后，各试点城市已经开始行动。在汽车产业调整振兴规划中，决定启动国家节能和新能源汽车示范工程，优先在城市公交、出租、公务等领域推广使用新能源汽车。2008年年底，中美进行第五次战略经济对话时，就能源与环境合作达成五大共识。重庆市与美国丹佛市及美国福特汽车公司在城市应用电动、混合动力清洁汽车方面展开了“一揽子”合作计划，包括电池生产、标准制定、充电设施建设、电网规划、整车与零部件匹配、运营管理系统集成等。希望通过示范运行促进新能源汽车的产业化。目前，成本、续驶里程、电池重量、电池寿命、一致性、社会配套等是我国新能源汽车发展面临的瓶颈，特别是动力的补充成为最为约束新能源汽车大面积普及的根本因素。2010年1月，车身仅及普通轿车的一半尺寸，外形时尚可爱，而且还是电动的新能源车，目前这款由