毕业论文烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检测

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1、 焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检 焦焦 作作 大大 学学毕毕 业业 论论 文文题题 目：目：烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检测烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检测 学学 号：号： 姓姓 名：名： 年年 级：级： 20082008级级 院院 部：部： 化工与环境工程学院化工与环境工程学院 专专 业：业： 工业分析与检测工业分析与检测 指导教师：指导教师： 完成日期：完成日期：20112011 年年 0404 月月 1717 日日焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检1摘摘 要要香烟过滤嘴在日常生活中可以说是非常多的，并且随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对过滤嘴的要求也越来越高，

2、所以这就需要我们使用更好的材料，来满足市场的需求。因此在生产过程有较高的技术要求，应该对其从源头抓起，从原材料开始消除隐患。在生产中主要是醋片溶解在丙酮中制取浆液，然后纺丝，所以丙酮和醋片是重中之重。 对于原材料项目主要包括：二醋酸纤维素、丙酮、双氧水、碱液、木浆、二氧化钛等。其中二氧化钛和木浆为免检产品，这里不作考虑，主要针对二醋酸纤维素、丙酮、双氧水、碱液四项进行分析和研究，主要介绍其分析原理、分析原因、分析所需仪器和药品以及实验步骤等等。对于醋片的分析又包括了水分、灰分、结合酸、游离酸、氯化物、堆积密度、粘度；丙酮的分析包括了浓度、还原高锰酸钾时间、游离酸测定。关键词：关键词：二醋酸纤维

3、；丙酮；碱液；双氧水焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检2AbstractCigarettes filter tip in daily life can be said to be very much, and the life that all, it is becoming filter tipdemand for higher, so this requires us to the use of better materials, to meet market demand. therefore, we in the production process has a re

4、latively high technology, should be seized from the source of raw materials, from beginning to bud. the production is largely in the vinegar of dissolving ketoneproduce serosity and spinning the silk, and c ketoneand vinegar ofFor raw material project mainly covers ：ethylic acid fiber and c ketone o

5、f alkali, oxygen, and woodpulpthe oxidizing tie, etc. the second of titanium and woodpulp to frank and dont think the product here, primarily directed at ethylic acid; fiber and c ketoneof alkali, oxygen, the four analyze and study, mainly introduces the analysis of principle, analysis and analysis

6、of the instruments and medicines, and steps, etc. for jealousy of the analysis also includes water, acids, combination, the free acid,焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检3目目 录录1 引言 .42 原材料分析概述 .53 分析 .63.1 二醋酸纤维素水分分析 .63.2 二醋酸纤维素灰分的分析 .93.3 二醋酸纤维素结合酸检测 .103. 4 二醋酸纤维素游离酸的测定 .113 .5 二醋酸纤维素中氯化物检测 .123. 6 二醋酸纤维素的

7、堆积密度 .123. 7 二醋酸纤维素的粘度分析 .143. 8 丙酮的浓度分析 .143. 9 丙酮还原高锰酸钾的时间 .143.10 丙酮中游离酸的测定 .163.11 碱液含量的测定 .173.12 双氧水含量的测定 .174 小结与讨论 .185 烟过滤嘴纤维生产的发展前景.18致 谢 .19参考文献 .20 焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检 1 引言引言香烟燃烧时产生的烟雾中含有几百种对人体有害的化学成分，特别是焦油、亚硝胺等 40 多种致癌物质，这已是尽人皆知的常识。 为了不失去市场，烟草制造者们想出妙招，给卷烟装上一段过滤嘴，说明这样可阻断有害化学物质吸入体内

8、。 有人作过调查研究，卷烟中尼古丁的滤除率，长滤嘴为 43.28，短滤嘴为9.93。 卷烟过滤嘴是用再生人造纤维制成的。 烟民们在人际交往过程中相互递烟，自然也一个社会交往的方便途径。其中，在香烟过滤嘴中所使用的原材料丝束通常采用的有两种醋酸纤维丝束和聚丙烯纤维丝束。其中醋酸纤维又称为二醋酸纤维素（俗名：醋片），是来自于一种称为砧木的材料经过加工而成。而聚丙烯纤维丝束则是一些聚丙烯材料经过回收再利用，经过再加工而成。下面对于两种材料分别作简单介绍如下醋酸纤维优点 ：1.很好的弹性和热稳定性 2.无毒、无味 3.耐冲击、耐油 4.不带静电、吸阻小 5.吸阻力强、截滤效果好醋酸纤维缺点 ：1.资源

9、有限 2.生产工艺复杂 3.成本高聚丙烯纤维优点：1.密度小、强度高、伸长大 2.回潮率低化学性能稳定3.能更好的拦截烟中的自由基 4.成本较二醋酸纤维低很多聚丙烯纤维缺点：1.对烟尘中酚类物质吸收较低 2.成棒率、硬度及气阻均较低3.只能用于质量较差烟类在这里我主要针对醋酸纤维丝束在生产中所检测的一些项目做一些分析。焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检22 原材料分析概述原材料分析概述所谓原材料的分析，主要是对于在生产过程中所购进的一些所需产品，在进入生产之前进行的分析，以来对于外来产品合格与否的一种认证，并且还有助于生产的顺利进行。假如分析不准将会给公司造成重大的经济损失和

10、导致生产的终结，所以对于这些的检测具有专业性和细致性，应该特别的注意和小心的进行操作。对于原材料主要包括：二醋酸纤维素、丙酮、碱液、双氧水其中二醋酸纤维素分析中包括：二醋酸纤维素水分分析、二醋酸纤维素灰分分析、二醋酸纤维素结合酸检测、二醋酸纤维素游离酸检测、二醋酸纤维素中氯化物检测、二醋酸纤维素的堆积密度、二醋酸纤维素的粘度分析七项。对于丙酮的分析项目包括：丙酮浓度、丙酮游离酸、丙酮还原高锰酸钾的时间、丙酮中四项杂质的检测（苯、异丙苯、异丙酮醇、异丙叉丙酮）碱液主要检测其中的浓度双氧水检测浓度3 二醋酸纤维素的分析二醋酸纤维素的分析3.1 二醋酸纤维素水分分析二醋酸纤维素水分分析3.1.1 分

11、析的原因分析的原因一方面由于公司是以盈利为目的，并且二醋酸纤维素在购进时是一种价格昂贵的产品，对于水分的多少直接关系到成本的高低。另一方面在生产过程中，将会用丙酮溶解醋片，同时适量的加水，如果不知道醋片中的水分，就没有办法计算该加入的水量。3.1.2 分析的原理分析的原理通过加热使醋片中的水分挥发，然后根据挥发量和剩余量进行计算。3.1.3 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品称量瓶、分析天平、干燥器、干燥箱3.1.4 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、称量瓶称重，精确到 0.0001g、往称量瓶内倒入约 6g 醋片称重。精确到 0.0001g、将称量瓶放入 1053烘箱中干燥 2 小时焦

12、作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检3从烘箱中取出称量瓶，盖上盖子，在放入干燥器中，冷却至室温从干燥器中取出称量瓶称重，精确到 0.0001g同一样品以相同步骤做平行样计算 醋片水分（%）=(m1+m0-m2)m1100%其中：m0=空称量瓶的重量 M1=干燥前醋片的净重 M2=干燥后醋片的称量瓶的重量以两次平行样的平均值报出结果3.23.2 二醋酸纤维素灰分的分析二醋酸纤维素灰分的分析3.2.1 分析的原理分析的原理根据升高温度使式样先炭化后灰化，最后计算灰分所占的含量3.2.2 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品瓷坩埚、分析天平、氯化钙干燥器、马弗炉、电炉3.2.3

13、 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤在已称重并恒重的瓷坩埚中称取干燥试样 10g，精确到 0.0001g在电炉上缓慢加热炭化，然后在 60050马弗炉中加热 3h 左右，使其灰化完全灰化后取出瓷坩埚，在氯化钙干燥器中冷去至室温，精确至 0.0001g计算 m=(w1-w2) (w1-w0) 100%其中：m=以质量百分数计的灰分 W0=空坩埚的重量 W1=坩埚加试样的质量 W2=坩埚加灰化物的质量平行测定两次的差值不得大于 0.02%，取其平均值做实验结果3.33.3 二醋酸纤维素结合酸检测二醋酸纤维素结合酸检测3.3.1 分析的原因分析的原因为了严格控制最后的成品中结合酸含量，还有在生产中的腐蚀程

14、度有一定的把握，要对其进行检测3.3.2 分析的原理分析的原理通过丙酮溶解试样，然后再由过量的氢氧化钠进行与结合酸反映，最后通过消耗硫酸的体积，来进行计算焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检43.3.3 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品干燥箱、碘量瓶、量筒、搅拌器、1.0mol/l 氢氧化钠、酚酞指示剂、分析天平、1.0mol/l 的硫酸标液3.3.4 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、称取在 1053的烘箱中干燥至恒重的碎醋片 1.8-2.0g。精确至 0.0001g、将醋片倒入 500ml 碘量瓶中，用 10ml 去离子水冲淋碘量瓶内壁、同时做空白、用量筒量取 15

15、0ml 丙酮倒入碘量瓶中，取一搅拌子投入碘量瓶、启动搅拌器，调节搅拌速度，形成均匀浆液（约 30 分钟）、往碘量瓶内滴加 1.0mol/l 氢氧化钠溶液 25ml，边加边摇匀，不能有沉淀，不能结块、加完氢氧化钠盖上瓶盖，继续搅拌 30 分钟、量取 100ml 热水（80 度左右） ，沿瓶壁倒入碘量瓶，盖上瓶盖再搅拌 15 分钟、加 4 或 5 滴酚酞指示剂、用 1.0mol/l 的硫酸标液滴定，先滴定空白后滴定试样，直至红色转为无色，继续搅拌 10 分钟，瓶内溶液转红色，则继续滴加硫酸标液至无色，即为终点。空白同样。、计算 醋片结合酸（%）=（B-A）N0.06005100W其中：A=用于试样

16、的并已校正的硫酸体积 B=用于空白的并已校正的硫酸体积 N=硫酸的当量浓度 W=试样的干重 以两次平行样的平均值做结果3.4 二醋酸纤维素游离酸的测定二醋酸纤维素游离酸的测定3.4.1 分析的原因分析的原因为了在最后的成品中含有少量的游离酸，使成品丝束中含有的酸味不至于过量，必须对其进行严格控制。3.4.2 分析的原理分析的原理通过蒸馏水溶解醋片的游离酸，然后用氢氧化钠进行滴定3.4.3 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品250ml 广口瓶、量筒、振荡器、漏斗、250ml 三角瓶、酚酞指示剂0.01mol/l 氢氧化钠溶液、微量滴定管焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料

17、检53.4.4 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、用 250ml 广口瓶取 120.1g 的粉碎醋片，精确到 0.01g、用量筒量取 120ml 的蒸馏水注入广口瓶，盖上盖子，放在振荡器中震荡、半小时后将广口瓶中上清液过滤，收集 60ml 滤液至于 250ml 三角瓶中、往三角瓶中加 3 滴酚酞指示剂、用装有 0.01mol/l 氢氧化钠溶液的微量滴定管滴定，至溶液由无色变为粉红色，且保持 20s 不退色为终点（同时做空白）、计算 醋片游离酸（%）=（v2-v1）0.01其中：V1=滴定空白消耗的 NAOH 体积V2=滴定试样消耗的 NAOH 体积以两次平行样的平均值做结果3.5 二醋酸纤维素中氯

18、化物检测二醋酸纤维素中氯化物检测3.5.1 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品300ml 锥形瓶、二氯甲烷/甲醇（91/9）混合溶剂、震荡机、0.4mol/l 硝酸甲醇溶液、二本卡巴阱指示剂、0.005mol/l 硝酸汞标准溶液3.5.2 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、在 300ml 锥形瓶中精确称取粉碎试样 500g、用量筒量取 100ml 二氯甲烷/甲醇（91/9）混合溶剂加入其中，用玻璃纸包裹的橡胶塞密封瓶口、用同样的方法准备空白样、装在震荡机上震荡，并在室温放置 4h 以上，使完全溶解、加入 2 滴 0.4mol/l 硝酸甲醇溶液和 0.5ml 二本卡巴阱指示剂，强烈震荡 1

19、0s 以上、然后用 0.005mol/l 硝酸汞标准溶液滴定，以淡紫色不消失为终点、对空白样进行同样的滴定、计算 w%=CV35.451000M 其中：C=硝酸汞标液浓度 V=消耗硝酸汞标液体积 M=试样质量3.6 二醋酸纤维素的堆积密度二醋酸纤维素的堆积密度3.6.1 分析的原因分析的原因有利于醋片的储存过程有个大概的分量3.6.2 分析的原理分析的原理焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检6根据质量体积比进行计算3.6.3 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品611ml 塑料杯、电子天平、尺子3.6.4 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、空杯称重去皮、取下杯子往杯子内到醋

20、片，让醋片考自重堆满杯子、用尺子沿杯口将醋片推平、放在天平上称重，记下重量，精确到 0.01g、计算 密度=W/V其中：w=一杯醋片的重量 V=塑料杯体积3.7 二醋酸纤维素的粘度分析二醋酸纤维素的粘度分析3.7.1 分析的原因分析的原因为了在制浆的时候能够得到应该的浓度3.7.2 分析的原理分析的原理对醋片进行先溶解，然后利用品氏粘度计进行测出时间，根据粘度计系数可以计算得到3.7.3 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品粘度计、运动粘度测定器、碘量瓶、吸耳球、恒温水浴振荡器、秒表3.7.4 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、称 6g 干燥至恒重的醋片于 250ml 碘量瓶中、用量筒量取

21、 100ml 丙酮，注入碘量瓶，盖上盖子，放入 25 度恒温水浴振荡器中摇匀、将粘度计细管口插入碘量瓶，用洗耳球吸浆液过测定球下线、将粘度计翻转，固定在 25 度运动粘度测定器，恒温 10 分钟、用洗耳球在细管口吸取浆液至上标线上少许，停止抽吸、当液面降至上标线时，启动面表，当液面降至下标线时，按停秒表、记下液面由上标线降至下标线的时间，重复 3 次，取平均值作为浆液的流动时间、计算 醋片的粘度=KT K=粘度计常数 T=浆液流出时间3.8 丙酮的浓度分析丙酮的浓度分析焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检73.8.1 分析的原因分析的原因一方面可以减少成本，另一方面可以根据工艺

22、要求进行合理的调配3.8.2 分析的原理分析的原理根据一定温度下，比重计测出比重，然后根据图表3.8.3 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品量筒、恒温水槽、温度计、比重计、 “丙酮-比重-浓度”图表3.8.4 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、将约 250ml 试样倒入量筒，放入恒温水槽中，在 20 度条件下恒温 30 分钟以上、插入温度计、比重计、三分钟后读取温度，读取 0.1 单位，抽出温度计、比重计的指示稳定后，读取到小数第四位、根据读取的温度和比重，利用“丙酮-比重-浓度”图表得到浓度，浓度读取到0.01 单位3.9 丙酮还原高锰酸钾的时间丙酮还原高锰酸钾的时间3.9.1 分析的

23、原因分析的原因检测丙酮中的还原性物质是否超标，如果超标则对于工艺方面将会造成很大的损失3.9.2 分析的原理分析的原理观察一定温度下丙酮还原高锰酸钾的时间，不能超过 2 小时3.9.3 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品碘量瓶、量筒、1.0ml 吸量管、高锰酸溶液、恒温水浴3.9.4 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、检查水浴温度保持在 25 度左右、用量筒量取 100ml 丙酮试样、倒入干净碘量瓶中，加盖、碘量瓶放入水浴中，恒温 20 分钟、用 1.0ml 吸量管吸取 0.4ml 高锰酸溶液，加入碘量瓶中、用手摇瓶后，仍放入水浴中，开始计时，要注意避免强光照射、观察碘量瓶内溶液颜色变化

24、，淡红转为棕黄色表明高锰酸钾被还原成二氧化锰、记录专色所需时间，2 小时不变色的丙酮是合格的3.10 丙酮中游离酸的测定丙酮中游离酸的测定焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检83.10.1 分析的原理分析的原理检测丙酮中的游离酸含量，防止最后的成品丝束有异味3.10.2 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品0.01mol/lNAOH 标液、微量滴定管、锥形瓶、量筒、50ml 移液管、3.10.3 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、把 0.01mol/lNAOH 标液加入微量滴定管中、用 50ml 移液管吸取试样，移入锥形瓶中、用量筒量取纯水约 50ml，加到已移入的锥形瓶中

25、、滴加指示剂 2-3 滴、滴加 0.01mol/lNAOH 标液至溶液呈为红色，记下体积、同时做空白、计算 游离酸（%）=（v1-v0）C0.06SP3.11 碱液含量的测定碱液含量的测定3.11.1 分析的原因分析的原因碱液主要用于消除醋片和丙酮中的酸性，含量过高和过低，都将对生产有影响，所以必须严格控制3.11.2 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品锥形瓶、分析天平、量筒、硫酸标液3.11.3 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、用锥形瓶准确称取 2g 左右的碱液试样，精确到 0.0001g、用量筒量取 50ml 蒸馏水，倒入碘量瓶、往碘量瓶内滴加 2-3 滴酚酞指示剂、用硫酸标液进行

26、滴定，边滴边摇，溶液从红色变为无色即为终点、记下所消耗的硫酸标液的体积数，精确到 0.01ml、计算 w%=vc0.04m其中：v=消耗的硫酸体积 c =硫酸的浓度 m =碱液的质量3.12 双氧水含量的测定双氧水含量的测定3.12.1 分析的原理分析的原理3.12.2 分析所需要的器材和药品分析所需要的器材和药品锥形瓶、 （1+15）的硫酸溶液、分析天平、0.1mol/l 高锰酸钾溶液焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检93.12.3 分析的操作步骤分析的操作步骤、取一支 250ml 的锥形瓶，倒入 100ml（1+15）的硫酸溶液，放入分析天平，去皮、用滴管往锥形瓶内滴加

27、0.12-0.15g 的双氧水，精确到 0.0001g、用 0.1mol/l 高锰酸钾溶液滴定试样，溶液呈粉红色并在 20s 不退色为终点、同一样品以相同步骤做平行样、计算 w%=vc0.01701m其中：v=滴定中消耗高锰酸钾的体积 c =高锰酸钾的浓度 m =双氧水试样的质量 0.01701=1.00ml 高锰酸钾溶液相当于双氧水的质量以两次平行样的平均值做结果4 小结与讨论小结与讨论对于以上检测项目，经过多天的检测和研究，对其总结如下：检测项目标准值范围检测值合格与否醋片水分（%）143.20是醋片灰分 ppm789753是醋片游离酸（%）0.0030.0100.0056是醋片结合算54

28、.9555.6555.35是醋片粘度（厘伯）8012095是醋片氯化物含量(ppm)2015是醋片的堆积密度(g/ml)0.100.500.45是丙酮浓度（%）99.8099.70是丙酮还原高锰酸钾时间2h2h是丙酮游离酸（%）0.0020.0021否碱液浓度（%）54.5054.49是双氧水含量（%）88.5088.40是通过各种检测可以得知，除丙酮游离酸少过量外，其余均合格。对于丙酮游离酸过焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检10量情况就需尽快通知生产，使其在碱液上修改工艺，以来挽回部分损失。焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检11致致 谢谢从实验到论文完成

29、，得到多方面的指导和帮助，在此表示衷心感谢！首先感谢姚巧玲老师自始至终的关怀和指导，并对其论文进行修改整理在这里衷心感谢。同时感谢焦作市卷烟材料有限公司实验室老师们提供所需的所有设备、药品，是这些让我有了实习的机会，真正去实践去实际工作，才令我更加真切的投入到质量检测当中。使我们完成了各项实验任务。还有在焦作市卷烟材料有限公司质检工段的所有领导和同事。有了他们的指导、帮助和关怀，才使我少走很多弯路，才能更快的完成论文的写作。在做这篇论文的时候，还参考了一些文献，例如，珠纤烟草检测技术，化工分析概要等等，感谢这些为这些书辛勤劳动的所有人。最后还要感谢论文中引用资料的所有作者。焦作大学毕业设计（论

30、文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检12参考文献参考文献1 Dessau R M, Schlenker J. L, Higgins J. B. Framework Topology of A1P04-8: The First 14-Ring Molecular Sieve J. Zeolites, 1990, 10: 522527.2 Estermann M, Mccusker L B, Baerlocher Ch, et al. A Synthetic Gallophosphate Molecular Sieves with a 20-Tetrahedral-Atom Pore Opening

31、J. nature, 1991, 352: 320323.3 Jones R H, Thomas J. M, Chen J, et al. Structure of an Unusual Aluminium Phosphate JDF-20 with Large E11iptical Apertures J.J. Solid State Chem, 1993.102: 204208.4Yanagisawa.T,Shimuzu.T,Kuroda.K,et.al.The.preparation.of.alkyltrimethylammonium -kanemite complexes and th

32、eir conversion to mesoporous materials J. Bull. Chem Soc. Jpn, 1990, 63:988992.5 J.C.Varul i, K. D. Schmitt, C. T. Krege, et al. Effect of surfactant/silica molar ratios on the formation of mesoporous molecular sieves: inorganic mimicry of surfactant liquid-crystalphases and mechanistic implications

33、 J. Chem. Mater, 1994, 6: 23172326.6 K. W. Sodina. Polymer in a Lamelar Mesophase. Langmuir J, 1993, 9: 673680.焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检13您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O 谢谢！谢谢！A national survey was recently launched to evaluate the eye health of Chinese children andtee

34、nagers.On June 6, Chinas annual National Day for Eye Care, the China Youth Development ServiceCenter and Zhejiang Medicine, a leading listed Chinese pharmaceutical company, jointlyannounced the kickoff of the survey.In about one month, a questionnaire compiled by top eye care medical experts in Chin

35、a willbe distributed through multiple online partners, including H, as well asthrough offline survey events held in universities, middle schools and primary schools acrossthe country.A report will be released based on the survey statistics and analysis, and most importantly,guidelines for parents an

36、d youth on how to care for the eyes and prevent myopia agrowing problem in Chinas digitized society, will also be attached on the report.Myopia is not only a disease that makes people see things blurrily, but also leads to severecomplications, such as glaucoma (increased pressure within the eyeball)

37、, and can causeblindness, said Zhou Yuehua, an established eye care specialist with Beijing TongrenHospital.It is very important for parents and children to know about the risk and care for their eyes.There are about 450 million myopia patients in China. Among Chinese myopia patients,30million are s

38、evere patients, according to ZhouThe prevalence of myopia among high school and college students is more than 70 percent,and the situation is continuously worsening, he added.Sun Zhu, director with the China Youth Development Service Center, said long hours ofstudy, lack of exercise, especially outd

39、oor activities, and attachment to electronic screen aresome of the top reasons behind the widespread myopia problems, and the increase ofyounger patients, although China has made great progress in improving the hardwarefacilities and lighting conditions in schools.He said he hopes the survey will al

40、ert people on the threatening situation, and also helpmedical experts to better guideline parents and childrens behaviors to care for eyes, basedon the timely and factual statistics the survey collected.A series of follow-up events will also be held in six cities, including Jinan in Shandongprovince

41、, and Changsha in Hunan province, to educate people on how to care for eyes afterthe survey started. More and more Chinese are jogging to get and stay fit. Most joggers will run alone, but some will jog with friends or even coaches. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is one of the most popular spots. I

42、t is packed with runners in the afternoon, usually after work, and at weekends. Jogging after a whole days work can be a way to unwind. It is true for He Wenjun, whose workplace is right near the forest park. She discovered her athletic aptitude at the age of seven, when she began playing tennis. Th

43、en she turned to jogging, and she has persevered with it for 10 years. I come to jog almost every day after work, whenever I have time. I think jogging is good for my health. And for me, a girl, it helps me to achieve to eternal goal, to keep slim, He said. He says she prefers jogging alone, so she

44、can focus better. She loves jogging, even during Beijings smoggy days. If the smog is severe, Ill hold off jogging for a while. But if I really want to get away from work, Ill wear a mask, or just ignore the smog and go on jogging, she said. For those who are not so athletic, jogging also has its at

45、tractions. Wu Houbin started roughly two years ago, when he was severely obese. Within two months, his weight dropped from 82 kilograms to 64 kilograms. The success helped him recover health, and he has made friends. Jogging does not require speed, but stamina. If you want to stick to the game, you

46、need to take it as a mission, a habit, and then eventually a hobby, Wu said. But persevering with jogging is not always easy. Jogging is beneficial for heart-lung function, and the skeletal system, but doctors say improper technique damages the joints, especially the knees and ankles. Excessive jogg

47、ing wears down the body, and harms ones health. Poor technique harms the muscles and skeleton, and can cause secondary injures. And, jogging in a bad environment can cause circulation problems, said Lu Zhiyong, attending doctor, Sports Hospital, General Admin. of Sports.Dr. Lu has some tips for jogg

48、ers, and those who are thinking of taking it up.He says people should first evaluate their physical condition, to decide the amount and type of exercise, and jogging in the open air is better running on a treadmill. Conrad Macao will run special programs for the entire month of October this year to

49、support the Hong Kong Cancer Funds Pink Revolution, an annual campaign that seeks to raise awareness and funds for breast cancer research, the hotel recently announced. A major sponsor of the campaign for three years in a row, Conrad Macao has pledged to donate a portion of its proceeds to the fund,

50、 including those collected from selling its popular bear and rubber duck merchandise, in limited pink editions. Pink is the theme for floral arrangements and decorations in the hotel in October. In addition, on Fridays that month, members of the management and staff will add something pink to their

51、uniforms, regular e-mails and handwritten guest cards. Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women in Hong Kong and is also of significant concern in Macao and around the world, regardless of age, general manager Bede Barry said in a statement. The hotel has enlisted the support o

52、f a number of international and local celebrities to help drive the cause, including South Korean actor Jung Suk Won. This year, a lucky guest who stays at the hotel during the campaign and also donates money for the cause will win a necklace specially designed by Arte Madrid, a Spanish jewelry bran

53、d. Women should strive to balance quality of work and life, and have children at a young age. As a doctor I see much suffering because of this imbalance. Xiao Ying, 36, works for a large law firm. Her job means lots of travel, a heavy caseload and a large number of meetings, so her schedule is hecti

54、c. She has been pregnant twice, but had abortions on both occasions because she felt her busy, high-pressure career wasnt conducive to raising a child. She planned to have children once she had achieved career success so she could provide a stable environment for her baby. After 10 years, Xiao felt

55、the time was right, and she tried to conceive for about six months, but was unable to become pregnant. I conducted comprehensive physical checkups. The results suggested that Xiaos ovarian function has declined and a bilateral oviduct blockage has occurred, meaning that in vitro fertilization is her

56、 only option. So, after reducing her workload, Xiao underwent IVF treatment. Luckily, she got pregnant after just one treatment cycle, but later experienced vaginal bleeding, and rushed to the hospital. I told her to rest and carry on with the treatment (to prevent a miscarriage). As Zubin Zarthosht

57、imanesh, a yoga guru, demonstrated postures at a high school stadium in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan province, some 200 students sat on colorful mats watching him closely. It was part of the first India-China international yoga festival in the provincial capital, Chengdu, in Southwest China, where more

58、than 1,000 fans from home and abroad gathered for lessons from 20 leading practitioners of the ancient Indian regimen, from June 17-21. Yoga is to India what perhaps tai chi is to China. Many countries other than India and China, also held the first World Yoga Day on June 21, after the United Nation

59、s last year agreed to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis suggestion that a special day be marked in the year for the global practice of the stress-busting regimen, which is already a multibillion dollar industry in the United States. Modi said in the speech: Yoga is an invaluable gift of Indias an

60、cient tradition. . It is not about exercise but to discover the sense of oneness with yourself, the world and nature.Zarthoshtimanesh, who runs his own yoga center, Iyengar Yogabhyasa, in the Indian financial capital of Mumbai, says: Chinese students are very respectful. For me, all students are the

61、 same no matter what their race is and where they come from. The most important thing is to remove mental walls. Zarthoshtimanesh learned yoga from the late 焦作大学毕业设计（论文） 烟用过滤嘴丝束生产原材料检14Yogacharya Iyengar and traveled with the master to different countries. Consulate General of India in southern Chin

62、as Guangzhou city organized the Chengdu festival. A terrifying wooden bridge in China has just been replaced by a glass one. This, the worlds longest glass-bottomed walkway, is located in Shiniuzhai Geopark in Hunan, and spans 300m (984f) and is 180m (590f) above ground. The floor is made of double-

63、layered glass that is 24mm (0.94in), and is reportedly 25 times stronger than regular window glass. The bridge had previously been made of wood, linking the two peaks of Stone Buddha Mountain, but 11 engineers working 12 hours a day converted it to glass. Previously, you were considered brave if you

64、 steeled yourself to cross the wooden walkway; now, with its glass bottom, the bridge is already being referred to as “hero bridge.” The popular chains longtime executive chef embraces mapo tofu and other exotic elements for the burger-driven menu, Liu Zhihua reports.At the age of 37, Shanghai nativ

65、e Lin Zhengu has become a star as a Western cuisine chef in the Chinese metropolis, a city that has a wealth of Western restaurants. The executive chef of Blue Frog Bar and Grill, a popular burger-based restaurant and bar chain on the Chinese mainland, Lin is the soul of the restaurant franchises te

66、am of more than 550 chefs. Many of the franchises most popular dishes are his brainchild. Lin says his secret of success is innovation rooted in experience: He spends months every year traveling and eating worldwide, seeking new ingredients and inspirations that could improve the offerings of Blue Frog restaurants. The restaurant chain regularly launches a new seasonal menu, usually featuring eight new dishes with fresh ingredients. The best-selling seasonal dishes later replace the least popula