电大本科小学教育《科学与技术》试题及答案1参考小抄

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1、专业好文档中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试 科学与技术 试题一、填空题（每空2分，共10分）1科学是技术发展的理论基础，技术是科学发展的-，它们相互依存、相互渗 透、相互转化。2我国863计划中，被评选列入该纲要的8个技术群是- 、航天技 术、信息技术、激光技术、自动化技术、能源技术、新材料技术和海洋技术。3新技术革命的兴起是以 -为先导的。4当今新材料发展有以下特点：结构与功能相结合、智能型材料的开发、-、- 等。二、选择题（每题2分，共10分）5自然界中一切物体的相互作用，都可以归结为四种基本的相互作用，即引力、弱 力、电磁力和( )相互作用。 A地磁力

2、 B分子力 C强力 I）结合力6基因是含特定遗传信息的核苷酸序列，是( )的最小功能单位。 A细胞 B蛋白质 C氨基酸 I）遗传物质7. 1996年，世界上第一只克隆羊多利面世，这是世界上首次利用( )技术而 培养出的克隆动物。 A细胞核移植 B细胞融合 C细胞培养 D细胞膜嫁接8由无数恒星和星际物质构成的巨大集合体称为( )。 A星系 B星空 C星云 D星际9光纤通信利用光纤来传送( )信号，它是20世纪70年代发展起来的一种新的 通信方式。 A电 B声 C光 D机械三、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）10核能11纳米材料12地球外部圈层结构13.物质生产力与高科技的关系式四、简答题（每题15

3、分，共30分）14.简述科学认识发展的动因。15.筒述新材料发展的方向。五、论述题（共30分）16.为什么说科学技术是第一生产力？试卷代号：1171 中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试科学与技术 试题答案及评分标准 （供参考） 2011年7月一、填空题（每空2分，共10分） 1手段 2生物技术 3信息技术 4少污染或不污染环境 能再生 节约能源 长寿命等（答对其中两个即可）二、选择题（每题2分，共10分） 5C 6D 7A 8A 9C三、名词解释（每题5分，共20分） 10.核能是在原子核变化过程中，从变化前后原子核质量亏损的质量差转化来的能量。 11纳米材料

4、就是用特殊的方法将材料颗粒加工到纳米级（10-9米），再用这种超细微粒子制造的材料。 12.地球外部圈层结构指地球外部离地表平均800千米以内的圈层，包括大气圈、水圈和生物圈。 13.物质生产力一（劳动者十劳动资料十劳动对象十管理+）高科技四、简答题（每题15分，共30分） 14科学认识发生和发展的动因有两个方面：一是存在于科学外部的；二是存在于科学内部的。 (1)科学认识发展的外部动因 恩格斯曾经指出：“经济上的需要曾经是，而且越来越是对自然界的队识iLi展的主要动力”。 一般地说，在19世纪中叶以前，科学是落后于生产和技术的，它的发展是在生产需要的推动下进行的。而从19世纪下半叶以后，科学

5、理论研究不仅走在技术和生产的前面，还为技术和生产的发展开辟了各种可能的途径。进入二十世纪以后，现代科学产生了空前的先行作用，科学变成了超越一般技术进步的因素。 (2)科学认识发展的内部动因 科学作为系统化的理论知识体系，有其自身的矛盾运动和继承积累关系。科学发展的内部矛盾运动是它的内部动力。它表现为： 新事实和旧理论的矛盾 各种不同观点、假说和理论的矛盾 15随着社会的进步，人类总是不断地对材料提出新的要求。当今新材料的发展有以下几点： (1)结构与功能相结合。即新材料应是结构和功能上较为完美的结合。 (2)智能型材料的开发。所谓智能型是要求材料本身具有一定的模仿生命体系的作用，既具有敏感又有

6、驱动的双重的功能。 (3)少污染或不污染环境。新材料在开发和使用过程，甚至废弃后，应尽可能少地对环境产生污染。 (4)能再生。为了保护和充分利用地球上的自然资源，开发可再生材料是首选。 (5)节约能源。对制作过程能耗较少的，或者新材料本身能帮助节能的，或者有利于能源的开发和利用的新材料优先开发。 (6)长寿命。新材料应有较长的寿命，在使用的过程中少维修或尽可能不维修。五、论述题（共30分） 16. (1)19世纪的下半叶，马克思在考察了近代欧洲科学技术发展和产业革命的历史以后，提出了生产力包括科学技术的著名论断。邓小平同志坚持马克思主义，进一步提出了：科学技术是第一生产力的论断。邓小平同志的论

7、断强调了在现阶段科学技术不仅是生产力，而且是“第一”生产力。当今，高科技及其产业不仅可以促进劳动生产率的大幅度提高，而jL高科技领域的每一个突破都会带动一大批新产业的建立，深刻地改变着传统产业的技术面貌。因此，两者的关系应该是指数规律，即：物质生产力一(劳动者十劳动资料十劳动对象十管理十)高科技。显然，这是对科学技术是第一生产力的最直观描述。（15分） (2)科学技术进步改变社会生产和生活方式。18世纪中叶产生的蒸汽技术革命，导致了人类社会的第一次工业革命。19世纪70年代，以电能的开发和应用为主要标志的电力技术革命，在世界范围展开了新的工业革命的浪潮。20世纪下半叶，以微电子信息技术、生物工

8、程和新材料为核心的第三次科技革命已经拉开帷幕，科技进步对世界经济、社会发展的影n向比过去显得更加强烈。科学技术革命的迅速发展的另一方面，也改变着人的生活方式。在科学发展过程中形成的科学精神和科学方法，改变着人的知识能力，创造了现代文明。导致了整个人类的生活方式发生着深刻的改变。（】5分）Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater h

9、as been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarr

10、yd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament hig

11、h 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up the

12、re Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet

13、 Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1

14、win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist ins

15、ults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humid

16、ity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude o

17、f commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something re

18、sembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored

19、 by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - stro

20、ng defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thursto

21、n, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.