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1、悬垂修饰Dangling Modifiers自动化工程学院信号与信息处理黄山悬垂修饰语Dangling ModifiersDangling ModifiersPage 2Page #定义指与句子的主语不能构成逻辑上的主谓关系的修饰语。是写作过程中常见的句子错误之一，会造成逻辑关系混乱。悬垂修饰语多位于句首。典型错句Hearing a number of entertaining stories, our visit was thoroughly enjoyable.上例中Hearing a number of entertaining stories是一个修饰性词组，但他修饰哪个词呢？从逻辑上
2、讲,他不可能修饰visit。那么，“谁”听到这些故事呢？ 是visit的行为主体“我们” o但是we这个词在句子中却没有出现，所以这个修饰性词组 失去其修饰对象而呈游离或悬垂状态，被称作悬垂修饰语。错句详解Dangling ModifiersAt the age of ten, my grandfather died.这句中” at the age of tenv只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时，按一般 推理不可能是my grandfathero如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了。改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.To do
3、well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语uto do well in college55的逻辑主语不清楚。改为：To do well in college, a student needs good gradesPage 4Dangling Modifiers错因归纳容易出现悬垂修饰语的情况一般在使用分词、动名词、不定式 和省略句时容易出现此类错误。上述三类非谓语动词在句子中作状语时，他们的逻辑主语和 主句主语应同为一人或一物。如果出现不一致的情况，分词独立 结构除外，非谓语动词短语与主句主语之间的修饰关系就会断 裂，动词短语失
4、去修饰对象而呈游离或悬垂状态，整个句子意义 的完整性和逻辑性即被破坏。悬垂分词短语Hearing a number of entertaining stories our visit was thoroughly enjoyable.悬垂动名词短语On entering the room, refreshments were being served悬垂不定式短语To play tennis well, the racket must be held properly.悬垂省略从句When only several years old, my mother took me to a danci
5、ng class 补充上述四个例句，悬垂修饰语都位于句首，但它也常位于句末。如: The dog had only one eye, caused by an accident.悬垂修饰的其他句子成分Dangling Modifiers当然，上述几种只是常见的错误。悬垂修饰语还可能出现于其它的句子成分。悬垂修饰的同位语短语 例：A soldier of proved valor, they entrusted him with the defense of the city. 改：A soldier of proved valor, he was entrusted with the defe
6、nse of the city.悬垂的形容词例:Young and in experienced, the task seemed easy to me. 改：Young and in experienced, I thought the task easy.Page 8Climbing up the hill5 a temple came in sight.非谓语动词短语做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。上句中修饰语“Climbing up the hill”与句子的主语“a temple”之间不存在逻辑上 的主位关系，构成了垂悬修饰语。我们有如下两种方法来修改：(1) 找出垂悬修
7、饰语的逻辑主语。 Climbing up the hill, we came in sight of a temple(2) 将垂悬修饰语改为从句。 After we climbed up the hill, a temple came in sight.基本原则放在句首的修饰短语，一定要修饰句中的主语。当一个修饰短语在句中找不到与它有逻辑关系的主语时，它就成了 “悬垂修饰语”。修改方法可用以下两种方法：一种是，在句子中加上一个能被分词短语所修饰的词。 另一种方法是把分词短语改为状语从句。Page 10xsz举一反二Dangling Modifiers原句:At the age of six,
8、 my uncle bought my first pet, a goldfish 分析:At the age of six并非是指my uncle六岁时。在句中也找 不到其他被修饰的对象。所以他成了垂悬修饰语。试改:When I was six, my uncle bought me my first pet, a goldfish, orAt the age of six, I received my first pet from my uncleDangling Modifiers原句:Looking up at the sky, the sun went under a cloud.
9、分析:分词短语的行为动作，在句中找不到行为实施者。 这是垂悬分词。试改:Looking up at the sky, I saw the sun go under a cloud.Page 14xsz举一反二Dangling Modifiers原句:While reading the paper last night, an article on solar energy attracted my attention.分析:句中没有任何可以reading a paper的人名。这是垂悬 省略从句。试改:While reading the paper, I became interested i
10、n an article on solar energy.Dangling Modifiers原句:To ski properly, a course of instruction and training is necessary.分析:不定式的行为动作，在句中找不到行为实施者。这是 垂悬不定式。试改:To ski properly, a beginner should take a course of instruction and trainingDangling Modifiers原句:By lowering the prices, more goods can be sold.分析:这是垂悬动名词。试改:We can sell more goods by lowering their prices.Page 20Thanksfor your Attention
英语写作中的悬垂修饰问题
