人教版英语八年级下册Unit2教育机构讲义

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1、人教版英语八年级下册Unit 2 I ' ll help to clean up the city parks知识点总结及单元测试卷(附答案)【教材内容解析】Section A1) You could help to cleanup the city parks. (P. 9)(1)help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事Can you help me with my homework?help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事He often helps his mother clean do housework.2) ) clean up意为 打扫干净”Nan

2、cy, please clean up your room.2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them.up. (P. 9)cheer up意为使开心”，代词用作宾语时，要当在 cheer和up之间。Cheer up! Everything will be OK.3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9)give out意为分发、散发"，相当于hand outHere are some toys. Please give th

3、em out to the children.4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9)volunteer用作动词，表示 义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteer to do sth.志愿做某事”。Tom volunteered to help us.5. Let' s make some noticetoo. (P. 10)also, too, as well与either都可以表示 也”，但是用法不同also放在句中行为动词前,，be动词、助动词和

4、情态动词之后。He also wants to go.too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。He wants to go, either.as well用于肯定旬中，放在旬尾，前面不用逗号隔开。He wants to go as well.either用于否定旬句末。He doesn ' t want to go either6. We need to come.up.with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)come up with表示 相出、提出(主意或者想法)”。Maybe she can come up wit

5、h a good idea.7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? (P. 10)help out意为 帮忙分担、帮一把”。Bill helped me out when I was in trouble.8. They told me stories about the past and how things used.to be. (P. 10)辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与 be used to do sth.be /get used to doing sth.习惯于做某

6、事His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.used to do sth.过去经常做某事The boy used to play computer games.be used to do sth.被用来做某事More and more wood is used to make paper.9. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10)lonely作形容词表示 孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的"；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只 能作表语，不能作定语。He fee

7、ls lonely at home himself.It is a lonely mountain.His grandfather was alone.Mr Smith lives alone.10. We should listen to them and carefor them. (P. 10)care for意为 照顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于 look after或者take care of。She cares for her little brother after school.11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfact

8、ion when I see the animals get better and thelook of joy on their owners' faces. (P. 11)such用作形容词，表示 这样、如此"，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数名词 复数或者不可数名词。It ' s such a nice day.I hope to have such delicious food every day.12. She could read by herself at_the_age_of four. (P. 11)at the age o俵示 在

9、岁时”，表示年龄。He started school at the age of six.13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11)try out for意为 参加选拔、争取成为 ”。Many boys tried out for the football team.14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time (P. 12)at the same time®为 同

10、时”。You can not do your homework and watch TV at the same time.15. Our class is trying. to.(P. 12)try to do sth.尽力做某事”The doctor tries to save the sick girl.try doing sth.尝试做某事”The boy tried playing the piano.Section B1. I take.after my mother. (P. 13)take after意为 长得像”。Mary takes after her father.2.

11、I fixed it up. (P. 13)fix up意为 修理”，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间。My computer doesn ' t work. Can you fix it up for me?3. I gave it away. (P. 13)give away意为 捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示 泄露(秘密)My sister gave away her toys to the poor children.Don' t give away the secret.4. I ' naimilar to her. (P. 13)be similarto意为 与

12、相似"，be simila门n在一方面类似”。Her ideas are similar to mine.The twins are similar in appearances.5. I didn 'keep it. (P. 13)keep sth.保留某物第3页共14页You can keep the book until the next weekend.keep doing sth. 一直做某事The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison. keep+adj.保持The gir

13、l eats a little to keep slim.keep sb./sth.+adj.介词短语 保持某人/某物We should keep the window open while we are asleep.My mother keeps the vegetables in the fridge.keep sb. doing sth.保持某人做某事The mother kept the baby crying on the bed.6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14)write a letter to sb.=write sb. a

14、 leter=write to sb. 给某犬写信”He is writing (a letter) to his parents.7. You helped to make.it.possible.for me.to.have.Lucky. (P. 14)有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有 find, think, feel, make等。I find it interesting to play computer gamesWe all think it very difficult to finish

15、the work in an hour.8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14)make a difference to意为对有影响、对起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。Changing schools made a difference to my life.The rain made no difference to the game.9. Or imagine you can ' t walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14)imagine表示 想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾

16、语。He often imagines having a big house.You can ' t imagine how fast the player ran.10. I can' use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone,opening and closing doors, or carrying, things are difficult for me. (P. 14)bring表示带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示带走”，强调从

17、说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示 搬、抬”，没有方向性。第4页共14页The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school.11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14)train用作及物动词，表示 训练、培训”，train sb./sth. to do sth.训练某人/某物做某事”。They train the dog

18、s to keep the door.12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, Iwas able to bring himhome. (P. 14)be able to意为 能，会”，表示能力，与can同义。In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.【拓展】辨析：be able to与canbe able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而 can强调自身已具有的能力。She can sing

19、 the song in English.He will be able to sing this song in English, too.【重点短语和句型归纳】重点短语1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日2. an old people ' shme3. help out with sth.帮助解决困难4. used to曾经;过去5. care for关心；照顾6. the look of joy快乐的表情7. at the age of 在岁时8. clean up打扫(或消除)干净9. cheer up位)变得更高兴；振奋起来10. give out分发；散发11. com

20、e up with 想出；提出12. make a plan 制订计戈 U13. make some notices 做些公告牌14. try out试用；试行15. work for为工作;为效力16. put up建造；举起；张贴17. hand out 分发；散发；发给18. call up 打电话；召集19. put off 推迟；延迟20. for example 比如；例如21. raise money 筹钱；募捐22. take after 与相像；像23. give away 赠送；捐赠24. fix up 修理；修补；解决25. be similar to 与相似26. se

21、t up 建立；设立27. disabled people 残疾人28. make a difference影响；有作用29. be able to 能够30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目重点句型1. 制订计划做某事make plans to do sth.2. 要求某人(不要 )做某事ask sb. (not) to do sth.3. 过去常常做某事used to do sth.4. 决定做某事decide to do sth.5. 有感觉 get a feeling of 6. 对产生影响 make a difference to7. 自愿花时

22、间某事volunteer one s time to do sth.8. 放弃时间去做某事give up +时间 + to do sth.9. 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的 make it possible for sb. to do sth.【语法讲解】动词不定式A. 作主语 为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用 it 作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型： It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作宾语动词 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, cho

23、ose, learn, plan, ed, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。C.作(后置)定语常用于 “have/hassth.+to do 或 “enough 名+to do ” “ It ' s time to dosth.构中。D. 作宾语补足语 tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call 等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语， 构成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。【注意】 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to： “一感 (feel) ， 二

24、听 (listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have, 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 半帮助(help);E. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to)或so as (to)为了;目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth等。F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/

25、Would you please (not) do sth?。 【单元测试卷】单项选择(每小题1 分， 共 15 分)从 A 、 B 、 C、 D 四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。( )21. Changing schools made a big difference his life.A. on B. atC. toD. for( )22. Mary s uncle made possible for her to travel around the world.A. it B. that C. this D. one( )23. The girl is , so she need

26、s a guide dog to help her.A. sick B. blind C. tired D. sad( )24. My friend Tom volunteered in the countryside two years ago.A. to work B. workC. working D. works( )25. Excuse me, I find my hotel. You could ask the policeman.A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. shouldn t( )26. She used to a bike to scho

27、ol, but now she is used to to school.A. ride; walk B. riding; walking C. riding; walk D. ride; walking( )27. He is very , so he can carry the heavy box.A. clever B. strongC. quiet D. excited( )28. Who is the of the house? Mr. Black. He bought it last year.A. passenger B. guest C. visitorD. owner第 8

28、页 共 14 页()29.vacations by the sea is Dales dream.A. Spend B. Spending C. Spends D. Spent()30. They often help sick children in the children' s hospital.A. cheer up B. clean upC. set up D. make up()31. My cousin has difficulty English newspapers.A. readB. readsC. reading D. to read()32. My comput

29、er doesn ' t work. Could you help it?A. repairB. buy C. raise D. open()33. How nice these pictures are! Please on the wall.A. put it up B. put up it C. put up themD. put them up()34. I can help my mother do some things like the rooms.A. cleans B. cleaning C. clean D. to clean()35. We shouldn 

30、9; t read in the sun. It ' s bad for our eyes.A. Sorry to hear that B. That sounds greatC. You' re rightD. I don ' t think soVI.完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 易读度A few months ago, I learned that the city food bank needed some volunteers. I used to be the 36

31、 in my group of friends. So, I sent lett ers to 10 friends. I ' d 37e to group that would volunteer to make and serve dinner for the disabled people. I wanted to 38 my friends to be part of the group. Almost all of my friends 39 .One day, several of my friends brought some food and helped prepar

32、e the 40 .“I got such a strongfeeling of satisfaction when I saw the 41 people get the food! "said one friend. Later, another friend made a list G青单)about serving, 42 we could do quickly and easily. Now each month there are new faces that join the group. One woman 43 invited another group of he

33、r friends to serve.It ' s hard to imagine that simpl44 asking friends to help have made a great difference. At first, I just wanted to be an organizer. Now, I 45 my idea. I also love to work as a volunteer, because I can get more joy from the happy faces of the disabled people.()36. A. volunteer

34、B. organizerC. singerD. nurse()37. A. set upB. cheer upC. give upD. clean up第8页共14页第 13 页共14 页C. inviteC. stayedC. partyC. cleverC. becauseC. onlyC. lettersC. changeD. teachD. leftD. mealD. kindD. orD. evenD. e-mailsD. open( )38. A. takeB. move( )39. A. refusedB. agreed( )40. A. trainingB. journey(

35、)41. A. disabledB. strong()42. A. butB. so()43. A. stillB.hardly()44. A. wordsB. visits()45. A. keepB. get. 阅读理解（每小题2 分，共 20 分 ）Ann wanted to play in the city orchestra (管弦乐队 ), but she was nervous (紧张的 ). She thought it might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous, and she could hardly

36、breathe. After a few rehearsals (排练 ), she could comfortably play along with everyone else. She found that there was no reason to be nervous and began to enjoy herself.In rehearsals, Ann became friends with Danny. Danny sat next to her and always helped her. Ann often asked him questions about music

37、. Danny sparents were musicians. They started teaching Danny music when he was only five years old. Ann couldn t imaginevipolainyiantgththaet age.Ann s another friend in the orchestra was Marie. After rehearsal, Marie would tell Ann funny stories. Though Marie was much older than Ann, the two became

38、 good friends.The orchestra was rehearsing music for a concert. Ann invited some of her friends at school to come. Though they didn t understand music, they promised to come. They all liked Ann and wanted to cheer her. Ann s family also planned to go to the concert. Ann looked forward to the event,

39、and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert.On the night of the concert, Ann was excited. Danny and Marie both told her that the concert would be fun. Ann knew that she would enjoy it. The conductor (指挥 ) Mike was nervous. Ann was surprised because she knew that he conducted many big

40、 concerts all over the world. After the concert was over, the conductor seemed happy. He said the orchestra gave a fine performance.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。( )46. From the first paragraph we can learn that Ann A. didn t want to learn musicB. was excited to try new thingsC. thought there was no reason to be ner

41、vousD. wasn t interested in playing in the orchestra( )47. Ann made friends in the orchestra.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5( )48. Some of Ann fr iensds promised to come to the concert because .A. they enjoyed the musicB. they wanted to cheer herC. they wanted to learn to playD. they wanted to make new friends( )4

42、9. How did Ann feel on the night of the concert?A. Excited.B. Tired.C. Nervous. D. Sad.( )50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ann s parents were musicians.B. Marie was two years older than Ann.C. Danny started playing the piano at age 5.D. Mike had much experience in condu

43、cting concerts.BHere are some ideas for you on how to help others through volunteering.(51) When people get older, it becomes harder to do many things, from walking to the store to doing the housework. Old people living alone can also feel lonely. As a volunteer, you can do a lot to help the old in

44、your neighborhood. You could visit them and help them with their housework.(52) Many people with disabilities need help. You could volunteer to read books to the blind or deliver 递送( ) something for people who can t get around too well.(53) There are lots of volunteer jobs to do in hospitals and hea

45、lth care centers. As a volunteer, you can make beds, deliver flowers and gifts, help serve meals, and do lots of other important jobs.(54) Some families don t have enough money to buy food and clothes for their kids. Some people don place to live at all. To help these people as a volunteer, you can

46、give clothes, food or money to, or raise money for, a charity (慈善机构 ).(55) Sometimes people need more help when the holidays come. Holidays are happy, but for people who are alone or unlucky, they can be a lonely, hard time. As a volunteer, you can deliver holiday dinners to less lucky people, visit

47、 the lonely old people and serve food to the homeless.根据材料内容，从A-E中选出与各段落相对应的标题，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。A. Helping poor familiesB. Helping the disabledC. Helping during holidaysD. Helping your old neighborsE. Doing the hospital work51.52.53.54.55.Vffl.情景交际(每小题1分，共10分)根据对话内容及所给首字母提示，补全所缺单词(含缩略形式)，使对话完整、通顺。A

48、: Hello, can I help you?B: Yes, please. I ' 0dbike t (56) a volunteer.A: What k (57) of volunteer work would you like to do?B: Any work is OK.A: Oh, we need someone t (58) help teach kids basketball.B: Sorry, I can ' t play basketball. Is there anything (59)?A: There is a job cleaning up the

49、 parks. It ' s every Sunday.B: That 'n s(60) good. I have to help look after my grandmother on Sundays.A: Oh, I see. Here is another job. Do you know h (61) to repair bicycles?B: Sorry. I c (62) even repair my own bicycle.A: OK. M(63) this is a good one. Would you like to read to sick people

50、 in the hospital? You cand(64) it any day you like.B: That sounds good. W (65) could I start?A: How about today?B: OK, no problem!IX.词汇运用(每小题0.5分，共5分)A)根据句意及所给汉语提示，写出句中所缺单词。66. We are making some(ffi 知)for Clean-Up Day.67. She is 留的).She can ' t hear anything.68. At last, I 陛解)what she said.69.

51、We should help 后残疾的)people.70. They had to(扛)their boxes to the village.B)根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。71. Don ' t hurt others ' (feel). It ' s not good.72. The car has six(wheel). It ' s very interesting.73. You can _t(imagine) how I missed the bird.74. After ten days of(train), now I can d

52、rive a car.75. I got out of trouble because of your(kind).X.完成句子(每小题2分，共10分)根据各题后括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。76. Susan would like to help her friend out.(改为一般疑问句)Susan to help her friend out?77. Jet helped give out food at the food bank.(改为一般疑问句) Jet give out food at the food bank?78. My grandfather us

53、ed to walk a dog after dinner.(改为否定句)My grandfather to walk a dog after dinner.79. I hope you can repair my blender in time.(改为同义句)I hope you can my blender in time.80. You could help buy some flowers.(对划线部分提问) could I?知.综合填空(每小题1分，共10分)阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每词限用一次，其中有两个词是多余的。week, he,

54、 what, idea, why, refuse, dog, daughter, start, do, hope, readJennifer and her sister Katie learned in Sunday School how they should care about others. This gave them a great idea! " Let ' s (81)a new club at school. We can call it THE CARE CLUB!“ CARE means Caring and RespectingK) Everybod

55、y. " Jennifer agreed it was a wonderful (82)Every night they planned (83)they would do the next day to show love to others.One day they helped a boy with (84)homework after school. Another day they stayed afterschool to help a little girl learn to (85). On the weekend they walked a neighbor 

56、9; s (86)and even gave the dog a good shower. Katie and Jennifers parents understand their (87)They also love helping others and they are having so much fun (88)it.Later, the other kids at school (89)to join the club. So Katie and Jennifer opened the club up to new members 债员).Every new member had t

57、o promise to show love to others. They had (90) meetings and planned who they would help and how they would do it. Everyone pitched in (出)some money each week so they could buy flowers or cards for sick people to cheer them up.XU.书面表达(15分)假如你是鲁冰，你们班将在3月份组织志愿者活动，请你根据下表提示给你的美国笔友 Tina写一封电子邮件谈谈该月的活动安排。时

58、间活动3月4日打扫火车站。3月11日去养老院洗衣服、打扫房间、表演节目。3月18日在人民公园附近修理自行车、收音机。3月25日去附近小学辅导孩子写作业、给他们讲故事。参考词?匚： 表演节 目 give performances要求：1.根据提示内容进行写作，可适当发挥；2. 80词左右。电子邮件的格式和开头已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Tina,I ' d like to tell you our class plans for volunteer work in March.Yours,Lu BingV . 21-25 CABAA 26-30 DBDBA 31-35 CADBCVI

59、. 36-40 BACBD 41-45 ABDCCVU .46-50 CABAD 51-55 DBEAC皿.56. be 57. kind 58. to 59. else 60. not 61. how62. can '63. Maybe 64. do 65. WhenIX . 66. notices 67. deaf 68. understood69. disabled 70. carry 71. feelings 72. wheels73. imagine 74. training 75. kindnessX . 76. Would; like 77. Did; help 78.

60、didn ' t use79. fix up 80. What; doXI. 81. start 82. idea 83. what 84. his 85. read86. dog 87. daughters 88. doing 89. hoped 90. weeklyXU. One possible version:Dear Tina,I ' d like to tell you ouclass plans for volunteer work in March. We ll help clean up the train station on March 4. On Mar

61、ch 11, we ' ll go to the old people ' s home to help wash the clothes and clean the r we' ll give performances, too. On March 18, we' ll go toPherPeopeup bicycles and radios forpeople nearby. On March 25, we ' ll go to the primary school near our school to help the children with their homework and tell them stories. I' m sure we ' ll have a very meaningful March.Yours,Lu BingH 0第16页共14页