诗文结合讲义一

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1、专业好文档(2006)（江苏卷）请阅读下面的文言文，解释文中有下划线的字词句，完成810题。董槐，字庭植，濠州定远人。少喜言兵，阴读孙武、曹操之书。槐貌甚伟，广颡而丰颐，又美髯，论事慷慨，自方诸葛亮、周瑜。父永，遇槐严，闻其自方，怒而嘻曰：“不力学，又自喜大言，此狂生耳，吾弗愿也。”槐心愧，乃学于永嘉叶师雍。嘉定十四年，起为广德军录事参军，民有诬富人李桷私铸兵结豪杰以应李全者，郡捕系之狱，槐察其枉，以白守，守曰：“为反者解说，族矣。”槐曰：“吏明知狱有枉，而挤诸死地以傅于法：顾法岂谓诸被告者无论枉不枉，皆可杀乎？”不听。顷之，守以忧去，槐摄通判州事，叹曰：“桷诚枉，今不为出之，生无由矣。”乃为

2、翻其辞，明其不反，书上，卒脱桷狱。绍定三年秋，权通判镇江府。至州，会全叛，涉淮临大江，大府急发州兵。槐即日将兵济江而西，全遁去，乃还。嘉熙元年，出知常州。后三日，提点湖北刑狱。常德军乱，夜纵火而噪。槐骑从数人于火所，且问乱故。乱者曰：“将军马彦直夺吾岁请，吾属将责之偿，不为乱也。”槐坐马上，召彦直斩马前，乱者还入伍中。三年，知江州。秋，流民渡江而来归者十余万，议者皆谓：“方军兴，郡国急储粟，不暇食民也。”槐曰：“民，吾民也，发吾粟振之，胡不可？”至者如归焉。淳祐二年，主管江西安抚司公事。视其赋，则吏侵甚，下教曰：“吾莅州，而吏犹为盗不自悔，吾且诛之！”吏乃震恐，愿自新。槐因除民患害，裨将卢渊凶

3、猾不受命，斩以徇师，军中肃然。帝日乡用槐，槐言事无所隐，意在于格君心之非而不为容悦。帝问修太乙祠，则对曰：“土工洊起，民罢于征发，非所以事天也。”帝问边事，对曰：“外有敌国，则其计先自强。自强者人畏我，我不畏人。”槐每奏，帝辄称善。景定三年五月二十八日既夕，天大雨，烈风雷电，槐起衣冠而坐，麾妇人出，为诸生说兑、谦二卦，问夜如何？诸生以夜中对，遂薨。（后汉书邓寇列传，有删节）注：李全：南宋叛臣。乡用：重用。洊（jin）：再度。8下列句子中加点的词语在文中的意思，解释不正确的一项是 ( )A遇槐严 遇：对待。 B吾属将责之偿 责：谴责。C斩以徇师 徇：示众。 D麾妇人出 麾：挥手使离去。9文中“诸

4、生以夜中对”的“以”字，与下列句子中加点的“以”字意义和用法相同的一项是 ( )A焉用亡郑以陪邻 B请以战喻C不然，籍何以至此 D一旦抵罪，或脱身以逃10下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是 ( )A董槐年轻时，喜欢谈论军事，把自己比作诸葛亮和周瑜。太尬父亲很生气，以为董槐喜欢说大话，不过是个狂妄的书生罢了。B李桷因有人诬陷谋反而被郡里抓捕入狱，董槐看出是桩冤案，据理力争，上书为他翻案，终于使他获释。C嘉熙元年，常德发生兵乱，纵火喧闹，董槐骑马跟在几个人后面赶到火场，问清士兵作乱原因后，斩杀了侵占年度军饷的将军马彦直，平息了骚乱。 D淳祐二年，董槐主管江西安抚司公事，检查税收时，发现

5、小吏侵吞现象严重，于是下达告谕要严惩，小吏们震惊恐惧，愿意悔过自新。11请把上面文言文阅读材料中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。 (1) 民，吾民也，发吾粟振之，胡不可？ 译文：_(2) 土工洊起，民罢于征发，非所以事天也。译文：_ _(3) 天大雨，烈风雷电，槐起衣冠而坐。译文：_（09年福建卷）阅读下面这首诗歌，回答问题。江 行宋严羽暝色蒹葭外，苍茫旅眺情。残雪和雁断，新月带潮生。天到水中尽，舟随树杪行。离家今几宿，厌听棹歌声。【注】 棹歌：行船时船工所唱的歌。诗人为什么“厌听棹歌声”？答：_请从“景” 与“情”的角度，赏析本诗的颔联。答：_把生活变成诗歌朱成玉 记得小时候，一个夏天的夜里，有一

6、只飞虫飞进了我的耳朵里。我慌张地使劲拨愣耳朵，可是那个顽皮的小飞虫死活不肯出来。我急得哭了起来。奶奶取出一滴清油来，她说，往耳洞里滴几滴清油，就可以把飞虫的翅膀粘住，然后憋死它。而母亲却让我站起来，把耳朵对着明亮的灯泡，并像变魔术一样地趴在我的耳根上喃喃低语：虫儿虫儿快出来，给你光亮让你玩果然，不一会，虫儿就慢慢爬了出来，围着灯泡快乐地旋转起来。母亲说，虫儿最喜欢的是亮光，哪里有亮光，它们就会朝哪里飞奔。对于两种不同的方法，诗人孙晓杰解释到：前者是生活，而后者就是诗歌。奶奶去世的时候，我伤心又害怕。一个疼爱我的人永远地走掉了，再不回来。蓦然间令我感觉到生命的黑暗。父亲来开导我，他摸着我的头说，

7、奶奶出远门了，那个方向是通往天堂的方向，上帝正在花园里召唤她呢，因为上帝喜欢她。我知道奶奶是个很虔诚的基督教徒，这样的解释让我的心锁顿时打开，父亲把我的悲伤改编成了童话。从此我微笑着生活，我知道奶奶希望我这样。无论走到哪里，我都会给自己，也给别人以微笑，把手中的爱尽力扬撒到世界的每一个角落。同样是小学三年级的学生，在作文中说他们将来的志愿是当小丑。一个老师批之为：胸无大志，孺子不可教也！另一个老师祝愿到：愿你把欢笑带给全世界！ 有一次到日本伊豆半岛旅游，路况很坏，到处都是坑洞。其中一位导游连声抱歉，说路面简直像麻子一样。另一个导游却诗意盎然地对游客说：诸位先生女士，我们现在走的这条道路，正是赫

8、赫有名的伊豆迷人酒窝大道。人生也是这样，当你被一件事情困扰的时候，想没想到换一种方法来解决它呢，我们每个人，无法主导生命，却可以改编生活。那个时候，你会觉得生活是一件很诗意的劳作，而并不仅仅是从一只肩膀到另一只肩膀的疼痛。生命中没有导演，无法为自己的人生进行彩排。但我们可以是编剧，尽管每个人的生活都会是一本陈年旧账，但我们可以把它变成我们想要的体裁，那些风花雪月可以改编成诗歌，那些柴米油盐可以改编成散文，那些坎坷和灾难可以改编成小说，让你的人生时而像水一样流淌，悠闲而又充满诗意；时而又像山路一样跌宕起伏，峰回路转，柳暗花明。生活是一座杂乱无章的素材库，我们要做的，就是努力使自己成为一个优秀的编

9、剧。别踩疼了雪朱成玉我和女儿在焦急地等待着一场雪的降临。雪，只在女儿的童话和梦境里飘过。我一直这样认为：没有触摸过雪花的女孩，永远做不了高贵的公主。我领她到雪的故乡来，就是要让她看看雪是怎样把人间装扮成宫殿，把人装扮成天使的。带女儿来北方，就是为了让她看雪。因为我无法为她描述雪的样子，而她又是那么地渴望看到它。雪开始零星地飘起来，我和女儿激动得手舞足蹈起来。它多么美啊，轻盈、飘逸、纯洁，让人爱不释手，让人目不暇接。女儿伸开手掌。但她马上发现，我们的手掌可以接住雪花，但雪花无法随我们的爱意而长时间停留。它只亭亭玉立了那么一会，转眼就消失得无影无踪了。但女儿并没有收拢她的手掌，她依然积攒着手中的白

10、色花瓣。雪渐渐大了些，女儿小心翼翼地捧着她的雪花，她说把它带回去，在妈妈的坟墓旁边堆一个大大的雪人。女儿的话触动了我。原来，女儿一直嚷嚷着要到北方看雪，真正的目的还是为了她的妈妈。我不忍提醒她，我们永远也无法将雪花运到南方去。我总是提醒自己：孩子的心灵是最纯洁的一片雪地，在他们的心灵上经过的时候，一定要小心，小心，不要弄脏了孩子的世界，不要才疼了他们的梦想。女儿没有见过她的妈妈，在她出生的那一刻，她的妈妈便因为难产离开了我们。仿佛一切都有预感一样，在妻子的日记里，我看到了她写给自己未出生孩子的信。她说：即使有一天她离开了人世，她的魂魄依然缠绕在孩子的身边，春天她就是早上第一缕吻着孩子脸颊的阳光

11、，夏天她就是那大树底下的阴凉，秋天她就会变成一朵朵云彩，冬天的时候她就会变成雪花每当女儿问我她的妈妈在哪里的时候，我就会对她说，你妈妈离开了这个世界了，但她爱我们。春天的晨光，夏天的阴凉，秋天的云朵，冬天的雪花，这些都是你妈妈变的，她一刻都没有离开我们。女儿记住了我的话。在春天总是太阳刚一露头就醒了，她说妈妈在唤她起床呢。夏天，她总是习惯把书桌搬到那棵大树底下去做作业；在秋天，她总是趴在窗台上，托腮凝望天上的云。我知道，她那棵小小的心在用它自己的方式怀念着母亲。可在冬天的时候，她找不到与母亲联系了，因为南方没有雪。这就是她要去北方看雪的原因啊！雪花在天空舞蹈！天空阴暗得仿佛是大地，大地晶莹得仿

12、佛是天空。夜晚再黑也压不过雪的白。第二天清晨，女儿轻轻推开门，小心翼翼地踩出了一行小脚印。她对我说：“爸爸，顺着我的脚印走，别踩疼了雪。” Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravate

13、d against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-S

14、heck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both

15、rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Footbal

16、l Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experie

17、nce was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed

18、by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions

19、have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5

20、.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 12

21、0,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so

22、far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrat

23、ing on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tourn

24、ament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.第 7 页 共 7 页