【全】中医英语课后答案1~21课 李照国

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1、KevinLee.第一课一 术语翻译1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3. clinical experience4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 5. miscellaneous diseases6. Chinese pharmacy7. four properties and five tastes8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9. classical C

2、hinese philosophy10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis11. purgation12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth14. etiology15. prescription; formula16. medical practice17. therapeutic principles18. herbs cold and cool in nature19. nourishing yin and reducing fire20. diseas

3、es caused by blood stagnation二 句子翻译1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese peoples experience in their struggle against diseases.2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, prog

4、ress, prevention and treatment of diseases.4. Yellow Emperors Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperors Canon of Medicine in many respec

5、ts, especially in pulse lore.6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8. Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various di

6、seases.9. Compendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts.11.

7、 In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12. Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. 13. Liu Wansu b

8、elieved that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14. Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases” and emphasized that the most important thing in cli

9、nical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach.15. Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases. 16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focus

10、ing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17. The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18. Wang Qingren in

11、 the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medici

12、ne.20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一 术语翻译1. five zang-organs; five zang-viscera2. six fu-organs3. system of meridians and collaterals4. holism5. organic wholenss6. social attribute7. (of the five zang-organs

13、) open into8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9. diagnostics10. relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11. therapeutics12. common cold due to wind and cold13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different di

14、seases15. balance of water metabolism16. clearing away heart fire17. nature of disease18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side19. drawing yang from yin20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二 句子翻译1. The theoretical system of TCM is ma

15、inly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3. The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4. The holism permeates through the physiology, patho

16、logy, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7. The heart opens into the

17、 tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10. Yang qi in the human body

18、 tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.11. Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13. Treatment base

19、d on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.15. Differentiation of syndrome and trea

20、tment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16. Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes. 17. Syndrome

21、can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for eleva

22、ting middle qi.20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一术语翻译1. philosophical concept2. mutual transformation3. balance of yin and yang4. transformation between yin and ya

23、ng5. extreme cold turning into heat6. pathological changes7. absolute predominance 8. general rule of pathogenesis9. supplementing what it lacks of10. eliminating wind and dispersing cold11. mutually inhibiting and promoting12. mutually inhibiting and restraining13. interdependence14. excess of yin

24、leading to decline of yang15. contrary and supplementary to each other16. organic whole17. impairment of yang involving yin18. deficiency of both yin and yang19. deficiency cold syndrome20. suppressing yang and eliminating wind三 句子翻译1. Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2.

25、 Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.3. The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4. Th

26、e celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.5. The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.6. Yin cannot exist alone without ya

27、ng and vice versa.7. Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8. Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.9. Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10. Sprout of things signifies t

28、ransformation while extreme development of things indicates change. 11. Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12. Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13. If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.14. No ma

29、tter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.15. The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.16. If any part of the body, either yin or yang, beco

30、mes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17. Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.18. The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in

31、 nature.19. The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20. Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一 术语翻译1. the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2. free development 3. to be generated and to gener

32、ate4. restraint in generation5. Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8. over restriction and counter-restriction9. Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.1

33、0. promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11. disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12. insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13. blood deficiency in the heart and liver14. exuberant fire in the heart15. insufficiency of liver yin16. declination of kid

34、ney yang17. weakness of the spleen and stomach18. soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 19. insufficiency of kidney yin20. balance between water and fire二 句子翻译1. Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.2. The formation of the

35、 theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.3. Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4. The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5. The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6. The kidney

36、pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7. Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other. 8. Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.9. Subjugation or over restriction mean

37、s to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.10. When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11. Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire. 12. The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13. The kidney stores essence to nourish blo

38、od in the liver.14. The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15. The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body. 16. Restr

39、iction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.17. The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restriction and counter-restriction.18. The one that generates is the mother-element while th

40、e one that is being generated is the child-element.19. Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.20. The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of further improvement.第五课一 术语翻译1. 藏象学说doctrine of visceral ma

41、nifestations2. 五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3. 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4. 水谷精微nutrients of water and food5. 传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6. 贮藏精气storing essence7. 表里关系internal and external relationship8. 治疗效应therapeutic effects9. 临床实践clinical practice10. 藏而不泻storage wit

42、hout discharge11. 泻而不藏discharge without storage12. 形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13. 开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14. 精神情志spirit and emotions15. 心藏神the heart storing spirit16. 肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17. 肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18. 脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness

43、 19. 肾藏志the kidney storing will20. 其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二 句子翻译1. 藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations.2. 藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占有极其重要的地位。The theory of visceral manife

44、station plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM.3. 五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气。The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to transform and store essence.4. 六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷。The common physiological function of the six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transform water a

45、nd food. 5. 脏病多虚，腑病多实。Diseases of the zang-organs are often of deficiency in nature while diseases of the fu-organs are frequently of excess in nature.6. 脏实者可泻其腑，腑虚者可补其脏。Excess of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs while deficiency of fu-organs can be treated by reinfo

46、rcing the related zang-organs.7. 皮肤受凉而感冒，会出现鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症状。Common cold due to invasion of cold into the skin is often characterized by stuffy nose, running nose and cough.8. 肾的精气有促进骨骼生长的作用。Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeleton.9. 心与小肠相表里。The heart and the small intestine are in

47、ternally and externally related to each other.10. 五脏与形体诸窍联接成一个整体。The five zang-organs, the body and all the orifices form an organic whole. 11. 脾开窍于口，其华在唇四白。The spleen open into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips.12. 五脏的生理活动与精神情志密切相关。The physiological functions of the five zang-org

48、ans are closely associated with the state of spirit and mind.13. 五脏的生理活动统率全身整体的生理功能。The physiological functions of the five zang-organs play a leading role in the physiological functions of the whole body.14. 五脏的生理功能之间的平衡协调是维持机体内在环境相对恒定的重要环节。The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and t

49、he body and all the orifices is key to the relative stability of the internal environment of the body.15. 五脏与形体诸窍的联系维系着机体内外环境之间的相对平衡协调。The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the body and all the orifices maintains the relative balance between the internal environment and external e

50、nvironment of the body.16. 精神情志和思维意识活动的失常也会影响五脏的生理功能。Disorder of spirit, emotions and mental activity affects the physiological functions of the five zang-organs.17. 藏象学说的形成虽有一定的古代解剖知识为基础。The formation of the doctrine of visceral manifestation was, to a certain extent, based on the knowledge of anat

51、omy in ancient times.18. 有诸内，必形诸外。The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally.19. 藏象学说对脏腑的认识大大超越了人体解剖学的脏腑范围。The knowledge about the viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestation has exceeded the scope of that in modern anatomy.20. 藏象学说中的脏腑不单纯是一个解剖学的概念，而是概括了人体某一系统的生理和病理学的概念。The

52、 viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestations are not simply anatomic concepts, but the concepts that are used to generalize the physiological functions and pathological changes in the whole body.language points1. 所以素问 五脏别论说：所谓五藏者，藏精气而不泄也，故满而不能实。六腑者，传化物而不藏，故实而不满也。所以然者，水谷入口，则胃实而肠虚；食下，则肠实而胃虚。故曰，

53、实而不满，满而不实也。So in the chapter of special discussion on five zang-organs in su wen, it was described that “the so called five zang organs refer to organs that only store essence but not excrete it; that is the reason why they can be full but not solid. The six fu-organs are in charge of transporting a

54、nd transforming food, So they can be solid but not full. The reason is that the stomach becomes full and intestines remain empty when food is taken into the stomach through the mouth; the intestines become solid and the stomach gets empty when food is transported downward. That is what to be full bu

55、t not be solid and to be solid but not to be full means.2. 精气为满，水谷为实。五脏但藏精气，故满而不实；六腑则不藏精气，但受水谷，故实而不满也。Essence is characterized by fullness and food by solidness. Since the five zang-organs only store essence, they can just be full, but not solid; the function of six fu-organs is to receive food and

56、but to store essence, they can only be solid but not full. 第六课一 术语翻译1. the heart governing blood and vessels2. sufficiency of heart qi3. rosy complexion4. sufficiency of blood5. unsmooth vessels6. lusterless complexion7. thin and weak pulse8. the heart storing spirit9. sweat and blood sharing the sa

57、me origin10. ascending, descending, going out and going in11. dispersion, purification and descent12. regulating water passage13. the spleen governing transportation and transformation14. nutrients of water and food15. stoppage of water and fluid16. acquired base of life17. regulating qi activity18.

58、 upward adverse flow of liver qi19. innate essence20. the kidney receiving qi二 句子翻译1. The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood vessels and govern the mind.2. The vessels are the passages in which blood flows.3. Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are

59、 prerequisite to normal circulation of blood.4. Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.5. The respiratory function of the lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi.6. Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea, chest oppression, cough and pant

60、ing.7. Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm and retained fluid due to stagnation of water.8. The pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.9. Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food

61、 and absorb nutrients from food.10. Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transporting and transforming the nutrients of water and food.11. The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production.12. All diseases are caused by w

62、eakness of the spleen and stomach.13. The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.14. Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of body fluid.15. Insufficiency of blood or failure of the liver to store blood w

63、ill cause scanty menstruation or even amenorrhea.16. Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enable the limbs to get necessary energy for their movement.17. The kidney governs growth, development and reproduction.18. The essence stored in the kidney in

64、cludes innate essence and acquired essence.19. If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal, breath will be smooth and even.20. Though urine is discharged from the bladder, it depends on qi transforming activity of the kidney to accomplish such a discharge.第七课一 术语翻译1. extraordinary fu-organs2. isolated fu-organ3. digest water and food4. anus5. remaining part of liver qi6. upper energizer7. separating the lucid from the turbid8. residue of foods9. The large intestine governs thin body fluid10. bile