一朵开在冬天的花——剖析《雾都孤儿》中南希的双重性格毕业论文

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1、 学科分类号 0502 本科学生毕业论文（设计） 题目（中文）：一朵开在冬天的花 剖析雾都孤儿中南希的双重性格（英文）：A Flower Blossoming in Winter Expounding the Double Character of Nancy in Oliver Twist 毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供

2、过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名： 日 期： 湖南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）诚信声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的本科毕业论文（设计），是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，成

3、果不存在知识产权争议，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 本科毕业论文（设计）作者签名： 二 七 年 五 月 一、湖南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）开题报告书论文（设计）题目一朵开在冬天的花剖析雾都孤儿中南希的双重性格A Flower Blossoming in Winter Expounding the Double Character of Nancy in Oliver Twist 作 者 姓 名所属系、专业、年级 系 英语 专业 四 年

4、级指导教师姓名、职称预计字数5000-7000开题日期选题的根据：1）说明本选题的理论、实际意义2）综述国内外有关本选题的研究动态和自己的见解1.狄更斯是19世纪英国最伟大的小说家,批判现实主义的长篇小说雾都孤儿是其最杰出的作品之一.通过解读这篇小说中南希的形象,可以感受到作者对人物内心世界的细腻描写,以及在作出抉择时复杂的内心挣扎,同时也可以了解社会环境和人性对小说中南希双重性格形成所造成的影响.2.狄更斯的作品雾都孤儿塑造了19世纪的社会形形色色的人物，反映了当时伦敦下层社会黑暗的一面，而其中南希的形象更引人深思。如刘精香副教授的：雾都孤儿中南希的形象剖析，从各方面对南希的性格进行了全面的

5、分析，指出南希善良的本性，但并没剖析其性格复杂的原因。因此,本文希望通过对南希双重性格的分析,能使人们更深刻的了解人物复杂的内心活动，以及社会对人物命运所造成的影响. 主要内容：引言：南希这一人物形象，大多研究者执否定态度。本文将对人物的双重性格进行分析，从行动描写、语言描写、心理描写等方面对南希的形象进行解读，肯定其为救奥利弗而牺牲自己的精神并对其双重性格的原因进行分析。本文主体分为五部分：第一部分：简单介绍作者、作品的基本情况第二部分：南希双重性格的表现二、 2.1 对奥利弗的态度在各个阶段不同的表现2.2对赛客斯的态度在各个阶段不同的表现2.3 对费金的态度在各个阶段不同的表现第三部分：

6、南希双重性格的成因3.1从社会环境（外部原因）3.2从人性本善（内部原因）第四部分：南希双重性格中无法玷污的美德 4.1 南希对罪恶的反抗 4.2 南希对奥利弗的爱第五部分：对本文进行小结，肯定南希的美德研究方法：本文通过大量文本解读、分析、归纳等方法，利用相关的理论知识就论点展开论述，并引申出自己的观点。完成期限和采取的主要措施：完成期限：1）年4月20日前完成初稿2）年5月10日前完成定稿主要措施：1）在图书馆查阅、借阅各种相关书籍、学术期刊。2）通过于导师交流，加深了解作品。3）在网上搜索有用信息，经自己综合整理展开论证。4）仔细品味作品，形成自己观点。主要参考资料：1Charles D

7、ickens. Oliver Twist M. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press, 1992.2Catherine Peters, Charles Dickens M. Xian:XianWorldPublishinCorporation,1998.3Daniel H. Frank and Oliver Leaman .History of Jewish Philosophy M, London and New York: Routledge, 1997.4John Kichetti. The Columbia Histor

8、y of the British Novel M. Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press Columbia University Press, 2005.5鲍文.反抗与探索十八、十九世纪英国孤儿小说人物性格论J.安徽：安徽教育学院学报编辑部，1997.6胡晓华.雾都孤儿中的仁爱与暴虐J 黑龙江：黑龙江农垦师专学报编辑部，2003.7刘精香.雾都孤儿中南希的形象剖析J.武汉：中南民族学院学报编辑部，1999.8摩迪凯开普兰.犹太教一种文明M.黄福武、张力改译，济南：山东大学出版社，2002.9潘明元.雾都孤儿的旺盛生命力J.四川：四川师范学院学报编

9、辑部，199610钱青.英国19世纪文学史M.外语教学与研究出版社，2001.11乔国强.从雾都孤儿看狄更斯的反犹主义倾向J.北京：外国文学研究出版社，2004. 指导教师意见：签 名： 年 月 日二、湖南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）评审表论文题目一朵开在冬天的花剖析雾都孤儿中南希的双重性格A Flower Blossoming in Winter Expounding the Double Character of Nancy in Oliver Twist作者姓名所属系、专业、年级外国语言文学系 英语专业 指导教师姓名、职称字 数5000定稿日期2007年5月10日中文摘要雾都孤儿是查尔斯

10、狄更斯第一部重要的反映社会问题的小说。虽为文中的一个次要人物，南希在小说的发展中却有不可替代的作用。从贼窝里唯一的犹太女贼到最后为救奥利弗脱离虎口而命丧黄泉，其灵魂得到了升华，其双重的性格特征也在文中表现得淋漓尽致。本文通过对人物具体描述展示人性的复杂性和那个社会的真实面貌，以及人性和社会环境对南希双重性格形成的影响。关键词（3-5个）南希；双重性格；人性；社会环境英文摘要Charles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical realist. Oliver Twist marks the very beginni

11、ng of Dickens literary life. It reflects all kinds of social problems in Victorian period. Despite as a secondary character. Nancy is irreplaceable in the novels development. From being the only female thief in the gang of to the death for escaping Oliver from abyss of misery, her soul gets sublimat

12、ion and her double character displays thoroughly. By concrete characters description, this paper reflects the truth of the society, the complexity of human nature and their influence to Nancys double character.关键词（3-5个）Nancy; double character; human nature; social environment指导教师评定成绩评审基元评审要素评审内涵满分指导

13、教师实评分选题质量25%目的明确符合要求选题符合专业培养目标，体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到毕业论文（设计）综合训练的目的。10理论意义或实际价值符合本学科的理论发展，有一定的学术意义；对经济建设和社会发展的应用性研究中的某个理论或方法问题进行研究，具有一定的实际价值。10选题恰当题目规模适当，难易度适中；有一定的科学性。5能力水平40%查阅文献资料能力能独立查阅相关文献资料，归纳总结本论文所涉及的有关研究状况及成果。10综合运用知识能力能运用所学专业知识阐述问题；能对查阅的资料进行整理和运用；能对其科学论点进行论证。10研究方案的设计能力整体思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。5研究方

14、法和手段的运用能力能运用本学科常规研究方法及相关研究手段（如计算机、实验仪器设备等）进行实验、实践并加工处理、总结信息。10外文应用能力能阅读、翻译一定量的本专业外文资料、外文摘要和外文参考书目（特殊专业除外）体现一定的外语水平。5论文质量35%文题相符较好地完成论文选题的目的要求。5写作水平论点鲜明；论据充分；条理清晰；语言流畅。15写作规范符合学术论文的基本要求。用语、格式、图表、数据、量和单位、各种资料引用规范化、符合标准。10论文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。5实评总分 成绩等级 指导教师评审意见： 指导教师签名： 说明：评定成绩分为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五个

15、等级，实评总分90100分记为优秀，8089分记为良好，7079分记为中等，6069分记为及格，60分以下记为不及格。评阅教师评定成绩评审基元评审要素评审内涵满分评阅教师实评分选题质量25%目的明确符合要求选题符合专业培养目标，体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到毕业论文（设计）综合训练的目的。10理论意义或实际价值符合本学科的理论发展，有一定的学术意义；对经济建设和社会发展的应用性研究中的某个理论或方法问题进行研究，具有一定的实际价值。10选题恰当题目规模适当，难易度适中；有一定的科学性。5能力水平40%查阅文献资料能力能独立查阅相关文献资料，归纳总结本论文所涉及的有关研究状况及成果

16、。10综合运用知识能力能运用所学专业知识阐述问题；能对查阅的资料进行整理和运用；能对其科学论点进行论证。10研究方案的设计能力整体思路清晰；研究方案合理可行。5研究方法和手段的运用能力能运用本学科常规研究方法及相关研究手段（如计算机、实验仪器设备等）进行实验、实践并加工处理、总结信息。10外文应用能力能阅读、翻译一定量的本专业外文资料、外文摘要和外文参考书目（特殊专业除外）体现一定的外语水平。5论文质量35%文题相符较好地完成论文选题的目的要求。5写作水平论点鲜明；论据充分；条理清晰；语言流畅。15写作规范符合学术论文的基本要求。用语、格式、图表、数据、量和单位、各种资料引用规范化、符合标准。

17、10论文篇幅文科15000字左右，理科10000字左右。5实评总分 成绩等级 评阅教师评审意见： 评阅教师签名： 说明：评定成绩分为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格五个等级，实评总分90100分记为优秀，8089分记为良好，7079分记为中等，6069分记为及格，60分以下记为不及格。Contents摘要.Abstract .Introduction .11. Nancys Double Character Acts in Oliver Twist.41.1The Attitude to Oliver in Different Time.41.2The Attitude to Fagin in

18、Different Time.61.3 The Attitude to Sikes in Different Time .92. The Reason of Nancys Double Character.132.1Social Environments Influence to Nancys Double Character.132.2 Human Natures Influence to Her Double Character.173. Nancys Incorruptibility of Goodness in Double Character.203.1 Nancys Resista

19、nce to Crime . .203.2 Nancys Love to Oliver.22Conclusion.25Notes.27Bibliography.28Acknowledgements摘 要雾都孤儿是查尔斯狄更斯第一部重要的反映社会问题的小说。虽为文中的一个次要人物，南希在小说的发展中却有不可替代的作用。从贼窝里唯一的犹太女贼到最后为救奥利弗脱离虎口而命丧黄泉，其灵魂得到了升华，其双重的性格特征也在文中表现得淋漓尽致。本文通过对人物具体描述展示人性的复杂性和那个社会的真实面貌，以及人性和社会环境对南希双重性格形成的影响。关键词: 南希；双重性格；人性；社会环境Abstract Ch

20、arles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical realist. Oliver Twist marks the very beginning of Dickens literary life. It reflects all kinds of social problems in Victorian period. Despite as a secondary character, Nancy is irreplaceable in the novels development. From being the

21、only female thief in the gang of to the death for escaping Oliver from abyss of misery, her soul gets sublimation and her double character displays thoroughly. By concrete characters description, this paper reflects the truth of the society, the complexity of human nature and their influence to Nanc

22、ys double character.Key words: Nancy; double character; human nature; social environmentIntroductionCharles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical realist. Oliver Twist marks the very beginning of Dickens literary life. It directs at the nineteenth-century English Poor Laws with

23、 a bitter invective. As an unknown shorthand reporter of twenty-one, with a single tale just published in a magazine, he referred casually to “my proposed novel ” in a way that shows it must in conception and materials have resembled this. But since he knew publication was “hazardous”, writing was d

24、eferred while he concentrated his forces (and used some of its matter) on sketches and short stories for various newspapers and periodicals. “I have perhaps the best subject I have ever thought of. I have thrown my whole heart and soul into Oliver.”1(p2)That its general purpose was clear in his mind

25、 is event from his latter-written preface: “I wished to show in little Oliver, the principle of Good surviving through every adverse circumstance, and triumphing at last,” 2(p3)The companions among whom he was to be tried were the criminals miserable world in London. The book was known to Dickens by

26、 close observation and various experience.In Oliver Twist, Dickens portrays all kinds of characters in London, especially those who live in underworld, such as Oliver Twist, Fagin, Bill Sikes, the Artful Doger and Nancy. A major concern of Oliver Twist is the question of whether or not a bad environ

27、ment can irrevocably poison someones character and soul. As the novel progresses, the character who best illustrates the contradictory issues brought up by that question is Nancy. As a child of streets, Nancy has been a thief and drinks to excess. The narrators reference to her “free and agreeablema

28、nners” indicates that she is a prostitute. She is immersed in the vices condemned by her society, but she also commits perhaps the most notable act in the novel when she sacrifices her own life in order to protect Oliver. Nancy has a double character, with “soul of goodness in things of evil.” Nancy

29、s moral complexity is unique among the major characters in Oliver Twist. The novel is full of characters who are all good and can barely comprehend evil, such as Oliver, Rose, And Brownlow, and characters who are all evil and barely comprehend good, such as Fagin, Sikes, and Monks. Only Nancy compre

30、hends and is capable of both good and evil. Her ultimate choice to do good at a great personal cost is a strong argument in favor of the incorruptibility of basic goodness, no matter how many environmental obstacles it may face. She is a good girl, though she grows up in a evil world.There are many

31、researches on Oliver Twist, this poor little boy. This paper is mainly concerned on Nancy. Oliver does not know anything of evil, and he speaks standardized English, though he grows up in a disguised kind society. Comparing with Oliver Twist, Nancy is true. Nancy is different, and she comprehends vi

32、rtue and evil. By concrete description, it reflects the darkness of that society and the complexity of human nature.1Nancys Double Character Acts in Oliver TwistWhen Oliver sees Nancy at the first sight, he sees Nancy “wore a good deal of hair, full of curl-papers in, not very neatly turned up behin

33、d; and were rather untidy about the shoes and stockings.” She was not pretty, but stout and hearty. This sample description, suggests that Nancy is a common type of degradation. Nancy is a young prostitute and one of Fagins former child pickpockets. She is also Bill Sikess lover. Her trust to crimin

34、al associates and her sense of moral decency come into conflict when Oliver is in a huge danger. Despite her criminal lifestyle she is among the noblest characters in the novel .In effect, she gives her life for Oliver when revealing Monks plots. 1.1 The Attitude to Oliver in Different TimeAfter Oli

35、ver was arrested, by being thought to steal Mr. Brownlow, Fagin persuade Nancy to go to police station to find out what happened to him. Nancy dresses in nice clothing, and at the police station she pretends to be Olivers distraught sister. She learns that the gentleman from whom the handkerchief wa

36、s stolen took Oliver home with him. Then Nancy kidnaps Oliver on the way to the bookstall, and drags Oliver through the dark streetsAfter claiming Oliver, she struggles fiercely inner heart. When she talks the affair that the prisoner was hung with Sikes, she said these men on the gallows are “fine

37、young chaps”. Maybe they are, if they are not poor, and dont meet the bad man like Fagin. Oliver can feel her hand trembling and sees her face had turned a deadly white. In the moment, Nancy maybe is thinking herself may have the same ending in some day. When Nancy shows sympathy to them, she also f

38、eels very sad about herself fate. But now, just for herself, she helps the gang to kidnap a helpless boy to the miserable world. She feels very uneasy inner heart. This kind of feeling is continuing until they claimed Oliver to Fagins den. When Oliver calls for help and flees, but Sikes threatens to

39、 set his vicious dog, Bulls eye, on him. Nancy leaps to Olivers defense, saying that they have ruined all his good prospects. She has worked for Fagin since she was a small child, and she knows that a life of disrepute lies in wait for Oliver. Oliver has been shot in the robbery to Maylie. Fagin rel

40、ates Olivers misfortune to Nancy. She cries that she hopes Oliver is dead, because she believes that living with Fagin is worse than death. Nancy eavesdrops the talk between Fagin and Monks, and she becomes perturbed. Monks wants Oliver to be made into a hardened thief, and he schemes to give Oliver

41、 a bad reputation, so that he can claim their familys full inheritance.With the development of the novel, Nancy plays a more important character than before. After she knows the secret conversation between Fagin and Monks, she runs into a predicament. Now she becomes the key person of Olivers fate.

42、Telling or hiding the truth, it will decide Olivers live or death. But the people around her are so conspicuous and ferocious .Any agitation will make her plan fail even her death. After her decision of waving Oliver, she also makes herself standing in a more dangerous situation.Sikes does not notic

43、e nervousness until a few days later. Sensing something unusual, he demands that she sit by him. Eventually, Sikes falls asleep after the laudanum has taken effect. She hastens to a hotel in a wealthy area, she begs the servants to allow her to speak to Miss Maylie, who is staying there. Disapprovin

44、gly, they conduct her upstairs. Nancy confesses to Rose that she is the one who kidnapped Oliver on his errand to Mr. Brownlow. She relates that overheard Monks tell Fagin that he is Olivers brother. When Nancy realizes that Oliver is in a dangerous environment, she hopes that Miss Maylie could help

45、 him escaping from danger. Nancy refuses Roses help and leaves. 1.2 The Attitude to Fagin in Different Time Nancy is one of Fagins former pickpocket. In the course of searching Oliver, Nancy is selected to do the plan. From this we can see Fagin trusts Nancy and believes she can do it well. As their

46、 expectation, Nancy finishes the task perfectly. But when she sees Sikes and Fagin seizing and mistreating Oliver .She tries her best to protect Oliver, which demonstrates her deep and passionate sense of morality. This also reminds her miserable childhood .It is the first crush with Fagin in the no

47、vel. She cries, “I thieved for you when I was a child not half as old as this!” pointing to Oliver ,“I have been in the same trade ,and in the same service for twelve years since .” “it is my living ,and the cold ,wet ,dirty streets are my home; and youre the wretch that drove me to them long ago ;a

48、nd thatll keep me there ,day and night ,day and night ,till I die! ”3(p98)This is an indictment of blood and tear. From these words we can imagine a miserable childhood. Oliver is only about ten years old, and Nancy is oppressed to be a thief no more that five years old and has done this for twelve

49、years. If she does not obey Fagins order, she will be maltreated as Oliver. Compared with Oliver, she has a more miserable childhood. It is imaginable that how many nightmares happen on this girls life.Fagin is so conspicuous person that he cannot trust Nancy completely after she saved Oliver from t

50、he clobber. In their plot of robbing Maylies house, Sikes needs a small boy for the job. Fagin offers Olivers services and arranges Nancy to deliver Oliver to his house .Fagin watches Nancy for any signs of hesitation. Despite her earlier protests against trapping Oliver in a life of crime, she betr

51、ays no further misgivings. After his observation, he muttered to himself,“The worst of these women is, that a very little thing serves to call up some long forgotten feeling, and the best of them is, that is never lasts.”4(p125)From here, we can see Fagin begins to trust Nancy again .He believes Nan

52、cy saving Oliver last time just was outburst .It does not last for a long time.Bill Sikes is ill with a fever and very poor now. Fagin and his friends pretends to drop in .In fact, he just has new task .Because he know Sikes is willing to do thing for living at a greater risk, in such a hard time,“I

53、 have never forgot you, Bill, never once!”Fagin said.“No, Ill pound it that you hant,” replied Sikes,“ You are scheming and plotting away ,every hour that Ive laid shivering and burning here; and Bill was to do this ; and Bill was to do that ,and Bill was to do it all, dirt cheap ,as soon as he got

54、well ;and was quite poor enough for your work.”5(p120)Sikes understands they have not any value in Fagins eyes. Sikes, Nancy and other children who services for Fagin, if they cannot do things for him, they are nothing to him. They are only tools serving for Fagin. When Nancy is about to get money f

55、rom Fagin, she comes across Monks. Nancy follows them and overhears their conversation. Fagin notice that Nancys face is so pale. Nancy pretends to be alarmed and Fagin does not ask any more about this. Maybe Fagin begin to distrust what the girl says, because he takes so much notice on her from the

56、n on.On the night, Nancy tries to leave for London Bridge. Fagin is visiting Sikes, Both Fagin and Sikes notice Nancy is very uneasy. When Fagin departs, he asks that Nancy conduct him downstairs .He whispers to her he will help her leave the brute Sikes if she wants. He hopes to persuade to murder

57、Sikes and bring her new love into his gang. Fagin always make every chance to know others information. Thereby he can solidify his control over her.Fagin sends Noah to watch Nancy and knows the details of her meeting with Rose and Mr. Brownlow. Fagin and Noah relate the details of Nancys trip. Fagin

58、 purposely does not tell Sikes that Nancy insisted that her associates not get into trouble. In a rage, Sikes rushes home and beats Nancy to death while she begs for mercy. 1.3 The Attitude to Sikes in Different Time When Nancy and Sikes drag Oliver to Fagins den, they see some people are hung on ga

59、llows. Nancy says to Sikes,“I wouldnt hurry by, if it was you that was coming out to be hung, the next time eight oclock struck, Bill, Id walk round and round the place till I dropped, if the snow was on the ground , and I hadnt a shawl to cover me,”“And what good would that do? ” inquired the unsentimental Mr. Sikes.6(P96)It is Nancys loyalty to Sikes, but Sikes does not care about it at all. When Sikes falls ill with a fever, Nancy still takes good care of him despite his irritable manner.“Such a number of night ,”said the girl with a touch of wom