2017年云南昆明理工大学考博英语真题

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1、内装订线单位全称:_姓名：_考号：_桌号：_外装订线2017年云南昆明理工大学考博英语真题考生答题须知1 所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。2 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。3 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。4 答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。Part II Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there

2、 are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1. It is rather _ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today

3、.A. misleading B. boring C. embarrassing D. demanding 2. Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments _ policies.A. economicalB. economic C. economyD. economics 3. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when s

4、ome distant mountain is not _.A. on view B. at a glance C. on the scene D. in sight 4. Being impatient is _ with being a good teacher.A. intrinsic B. ingenious C. incompatible D. inherent 5. She was so _ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attractedB. absorbed C. drawn D.

5、concentrated 6. Jack was about to announce our plan but I _.A. cut him short B. gave him up C. turned him out D. put him through 7. When Jack was eighteen he _ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.A. took to B. took up C. took for D. took on 8. You see the lightning _

6、it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instantD. in an instant9. It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students.A. preferableB. partial C. beneficial D. liable 10. It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy o

7、r a _.A. concession B. submission C. transmission D. recession 11. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and _. A. vivaciousB. perilous C. introverted D. lucrative 12. Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so _ at handling people that he was ma

8、de American Ambassador to France. A. shrewd B. foxy C. considerate D. adroit13. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _ every cheat in the marketplace. A. in lieu of B. for the price of C. by courtesy of D. at the mercy of14. Reporters and photographers alike

9、 took great _ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyance B. resentment C. offence D. irritation15. If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very _.A. waxy B. sticky C. slippery D. greasy Part III. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are four

10、passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1 The prefix Mach is used to describe sup

11、ersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is d

12、efined as the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered. When a plane passes the sound barrierflying faster than sound travelslisteners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them. Sound is produced by vibratio

13、ns of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it. The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating wav

14、es undulate波动 per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch. Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to

15、 frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per secondalthough this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic. Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating wa

16、ves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear. The speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other

17、temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet p

18、er second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717.16. According to this passage, “Mach” refers to _.A. the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of soundB. a machineC. a Czech-born Australian physicist

19、D. the pilot of the plane17. Sound is produced by _.A. vibrations of an object passing through the airB. spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pondC. thundersD. a flying plane18. Decibel is _.A. the frequency of radiating wavesB. the pressure of radiating wavesC. the unit for measuring

20、 the intensity of sound D. the speed of sound19. Which of the following is a TRUE statement?A. Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.B. Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.C. Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.D. Sound travels fastest

21、 in coldest temperature.20. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?A. The Prefix Mach.B. The Speed of Sound.C. The Frequency of Sound.D. The Intensity of Sound.Passage 2Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated

22、people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one

23、 knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chi

24、ef objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course,

25、simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between s

26、cience and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate

27、and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of so

28、ciety as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this

29、built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equa

30、lly.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way t

31、o earn a living.21. According to the passage, scientific subculture means _.A. cultural groups that are formed by scientists.B. people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC. the scientific communityD. people who make good contribution to science22. We need to know something about the structure

32、 and operation of science because _.A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.B. science affects almost every aspect of our life.C. scientists live in a specific subculture.D. it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.23. The book mentioned i

33、n this passage is written for readers who _.A. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceB. are good at producing various gadgets C. work in a storehouse of dried facts.D. want to have a superficial understanding of science.24. According to this passage, which

34、 of the following is true?A. English is a sexist language.B. Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.C. Women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.D. Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists. 25. The t

35、ext most probably is _.A. a book review B. the preface of a bookC. the postscript of a book D. the concluding part of a bookPassage 3Does using a word processor affect a writer s style？The medium usually does do something to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhans claim that the medium simp

36、ly is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The question matters. Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor, predicts that over half the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1985. The best-known recruit is

37、 Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have only started since the microcomputer boom began in 1980.Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typists dread of h

38、aving to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word proces

39、sing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished.This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration i

40、s never easy to recapture, though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However, these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself. My own experience of the sheer dif

41、ficulty of committing any words at all to the page means Im grateful for all the help I can get.For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say

42、it has improved their style. (“immensely”, says Deighton). Seeing your own word on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labor of mechanical retyping that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has in

43、creased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for thisyour slave works hard and so do you.Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn“expect to lose weeks of work”, say

44、s Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness that what you have written no longer exists anywhere at all, is unbelievably enraging and baffling.Will word processing

45、generally raise the level of professional writing then? Does it make writers better as well as more productive? Though all users insist it has done so for them individually, this is hard to believe. But reliance happens fast.26. What appears to be changing rapidly in Britain and the USA？A. The style

46、 writers are employing.B. The way new writers are being recruited.C. The medium authors are using.D. The message authors are putting forward.27. Typing a manuscript in the conventional manner may make a writer _.A. have a lot of second thoughtsB. become overcritical of his or her workC. make more mi

47、stakesD. take few risks28. One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing revision of a text _.A. is done with too little attentionB. produces a sloppy effectC. fails to produce a fluent styleD. does not encourage one to pick up mistakes29. It is claimed here that word processors creat

48、e _.A. a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her workB. the illusion that you are the servant of the machineC. a sensation of powerD. a reluctance in the author to express himself or herself30. As far as learning to use a word processor is concerned, the author of the passage feels that

49、Hammond _.A. is understating the problemB. exaggerates one drawbackC. is too skeptical about the advantageD. overestimates the danger of losing textPassage 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has near

50、ly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care

51、 system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be

52、 solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo of

53、ten offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government w

54、ith finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain agesay 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize thei

55、r potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop

56、 chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that preventionworks and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask

57、 a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures w

58、hile underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.31. What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other peopleB. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever beforeC. Americans are over-confident of their medical technologyD

59、. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy32. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that _. A. medical resources are often wastedB. some treatments are too aggressiveC. doctors are helpless against fatal diseasesD. medical costs are becoming unaffordable33. The auth

60、ors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of _.A. strong disapproval B. reserved consentC. slight contempt D. enthusiastic support34. In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care _. A. more flexibly B. more extravagantlyC. more cautiously D. more reasonably35. The t

61、ext intends to express the idea that _.A. medicine will further prolong peoples lives B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth livingC. death should be accepted as a fact of lifeD. excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart IV Translation (20 points)Section A English-Chinese Translati

62、on (10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.36. Physics, as well as pure mathematics, has supplied material for the philosophy of logical analysis. This has occurred especially through

63、 the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics量子力学. What is important to the philosopher in the theory of relativity is the substitution of space-time for space and time. Common sense thinks of the physical world as composed of “things” which persist through a certain period of time and move in space. Philosophy and phys