ASTMD5757-00标准催化剂、粉体耐磨指数的测定

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1、fNTEmATIpNJU.Designation:D 5757 -00Standard Test Method forDeterm in ati onof Attriti onand Abrasi onof PowderedCatalysts by Air Jets This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on PhysicalMechanical Properties

2、.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 00. Published October 2000. Originally published as D 5757 - 95. Last previous edition D 5757- 95.This standard is issued under the ?xed designation D 5757; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the caseof r

3、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthesesindicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial changesince the last revision or reapproval.Copyright ? ASTM In ter natio nal,100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co nshohocke n,PA 19428-2959, Un it

4、ed States.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determ in ati on of the relative attrition characteristics of powdered catalysts by means of air jet attrition. It is applicable to spherically or irregularly shaped particles which range in size between 10 and 180 卩 m,have3skeletal densities between

5、 2.4 and 3.0 g/cm (2400 and 3000 3kg/m ) (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10) and are in soluble in water. Particles less than 20 mareconsidered ?nes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to e

6、stablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refereneed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 177 Practice for the Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol 14.02.2E 456 Terminology

7、 Relating to Quality and StatisticsE 691 Practice for Con duct ing an In terlaboratory Study to2Determine the Precision of a Test MethodIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Sta ndard for Use of the In ter natio nal2System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 De?nitions of Terms Speci?c to This Standa

8、rd:3.1.1 Air Jet Index (AJI) a unitless value numerically equal to the percent attrition loss at 5 h.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of dried powder is humidi?ed and attrited by means of three high velocity jets of humidi?ed air. The ?nes are con tin uously removed from the attriti on zone by

9、elutriati on into a ?nes collection assembly.4.2 The AJI is calculated from the elutriated ?nes to give a relative estimate of the attrition resistance of the powdered catalyst as may be observed in commercial use.5. Signi?cance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to provide information concerni

10、ng the ability of a powdered catalyst to resist particle size reduction during use in a ?uidized environment.5.2 This test method is suitable for speci?cation acceptance, manufacturing control, and research and development purposes.6. Apparatus6.1 The air jet attrition system consists of the followi

11、ng:6.1.1 Attriting Tube, a stainless steel tube 710 mm long with a 35 mm in side diameter.Note 1 NPS 11z?-in. pipe, Schedule 40 has the appropriate inside diameter.6.1.2 Three 2-mm Long Drilled Sapphire Square Edged Nozzles, precision drilled 0.381 6 0.005 mm in diameter. They are mounted equidistan

12、t from each other, 10 mm from center and ?ush with the top surface in a circular ori?ce plate 6.4 mm thick. The plate is designed to be attached to the bottom of the vertical attriting tube within an air delivery manifold.6.1.3 Settling Chamber, a 300 mm long cylinder with a 110 mm in side diameter

13、and with coni cal en ds reduc ing to 30 mm in side diameter. The upper cone is approximately 100 mm long and the lower cone is approximately 230 mm long. The chamber is mounted to the top of the attriting tube.6.1.4 Fines Collection Assembly, made up of a 250 mL ?ltering ?ask, an extraction thimble

14、connected to the side arms of the ?ask, and a 200 by 13 mm diameter metal tubing bent to an angle of 125 connecting the top of the ?ask to the top of the settling chamber.Note 2 The ?ask may be eliminated and the thimble connected directly to the tubing if the attrition is expected to be low enough

15、to avoid clogging the thimble and creating a backpressure in the settling chamber.6.1.5 Rubber Couplers and Seals, appropriately sized to ensure tight and leak free connections of the system.6.2 Air Supply Source, con trolled and capable of maintaining an air ?ow rate of 10.00 L/min stable to 0.05 L

16、/min at a pressure up to 200 kPa. The air must be at a relative humidity of 30 to 40 % to minimize electrostatic effects.N ote 3 The air may be bubbled through a 0.25 m column of deionized water at ambient temperature to obtain the required humidity.6.3 Diaphragm-Type Test Meter (dry test meter) or

17、Liquid- Sealed Rotati ng Drum Meter (wet test meter), mini mum capacity of 30 L/min and maximum scale subdivision of 0.1 L.6.4 Bala nee, 400 g capacity ope n pan with 0.01 g sen sitiv- ity.6.5 Desiccator, with a desiccant grade molecular sieve such as 4A.6.6 Muffle Furnace .6.7 Relative Humidity Gag

18、e.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain a representative sample of approximately 65 g of material from larger composites by riffling or splitting with the aim of obtaining a sample that represents the size distribution of the larger composite.7.2 Gently screen the sample through a No. 80 (180 卩 m) ASTM sieve to rem

19、ove any particles larger than 180 卩 m.7.3 This step is followed for all samples except fresh FCC catalysts for proper equilibration at 35 % humidity to avoid absorption of water during the test.7.3.1 Transfer the presieved sample to a shallow wide dish and place in a humidi?er over a saturated calci

20、um chloride solution for 16 h.7.4 These steps are followed for fresh FCC catalysts to ensure a proper moisture level that will not change during the test.7.4.1 Transfer the presieved sample to a shallow dish and dry it for 1 h in a muffle furnace preheated to 565 C.7.4.2 Cool the sample to room temp

21、erature in a desiccator.7.4.3 Mix 45 g of the dried and cooled material thoroughly with 5 g of dem in eralized water en sur ing that the water is well dispersed and that there are no lumps of material present.7.4.4 Allow the sample to stand in a humidi?er over a saturated calcium chloride solution f

22、or 1 h.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Thoroughly clean any residual material from the apparatus by tapping it loose and blowing or vacuuming the dust. Reassemble the system except for the ?nes collection assembly.8.2 Turn on the air supply and adjust the relative humidity of the air exiting the sett

23、ling chamber to a range of 30 to 40 %.8.3 Connect the inlet of the wet test gas meter to the top ofthe settling chamber and adjust the humidi?ed air ?ow to 10.00 L/min 60.05 at standard temperature and pressure (STP)(273.15 K and 101.325 kPa). The back pressure should be in the range of 130 to 180 k

24、Pa; if it is not, check that the air jet nozzles areclean and within speci?cations and that there are no leaks in the apparatus connections.8.4 Prepare two ?nes collection assemblies and condition the thimbles by installing them on the apparatus in succession and passing the humidi?ed air through th

25、e apparatus for 30 min each.9. Procedure9.1 Weigh the ?rst conditioned ?nes collection assembly to the nearest 0.01 g and record its mass.9.2 With the air ?owing at the prescribed 10.00 L/min and the ?nes collection assembly off, charge 50 g of water equilibrated sample to the apparatus through the

26、top of the settling chamber, quickly secure the ?rst ?nes collection assembly to the apparatus and start the timekeeping.9.3 Weigh the second conditioned ?nes collection assembly to the nearest 0.01 g and record its mass.9.4 After exactly 1 h from the start, replace the ?rst ?nes collection assembly

27、 with the second one. Weigh and record the mass of the ?rst ?nes collection assembly.9.5 After exactly 5 h from the start, remove the ?nes collection assembly, weigh it, and record its mass.9.6 Turn off the apparatus and disassemble.9.7 Recover the sample from the tube and chamber and weigh to the n

28、earest 0.01 g.9.8 Clean the apparatus.10. Calculations10.1 Calculate the percent ?nes lost in the ?rst hour as follows:?nes loss, % 5 m1 2 m0!/ms 3 100(1)where:mo = mass of the empty ?nes collection assembly at the start of the test, g,m1= mass of the ?nes collection assembly at 1 h, g, andms = mass

29、 of the sample charged to apparatus (nominally50 g).10.2 Calculate the percent ?nes lost from attrition at the ?fth hour as follows:attrition loss, % 5 2 m 1 ms 2 m8)!/ms 3 100(2)where:m80 = mass of second empty ?nes collection assembly, g, andm5= mass of the ?nes collection assembly at 5 h, g.10.3

30、Calculate the percent sample recovery after the test as follows:recovery, % 5 m! 1 m5 1 mr2 m 2 m&!/ms3 100(3)where:mr = mass of the sample recovered from the attrition tube and the settling chamber.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The AJI.11.1.2 The ?rst hour ?nes loss as perc

31、ent.11.1.3 The recovery as percent.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Test Program An in terlaboratory study was conducted in which the named property was measured in four separate test materials in four to seven separate laboratories. Practice E 691, modi?ed for nonuni form data sets, was followed for the

32、data reduction. Analysis details are in the Research Report.12.2 Precision Pairs of test results obtained by a procedure similar to that described in the study are expected to differ in absolute value by less than 2.772 S, where 2.772 S is the 95 % probability interval limit on the differenee betwee

33、n two test results, and S is the appropriate estimate of standard deviation. De?nitions and usage are given in Practices E 456 and E 177, respectively. See Table 1.12.3 Bias The procedure in this test method for measuring attrition has no known bias because the value of the attrition loss is de?ned

34、only in terms of this test method.13. Keywordsabrasion; air jet; attrition; ?nes; powdered catalystsTABLE 1 Repeatability and ReproducibilityTest Result - AJI 95 % Repeatability Interval95 % Reproducibility(between laboratoIntervaliries)(consen sus mean)(within laboratory)2.5300.226 (8.95 % of mean)

35、0.907 (35.9 % ofmea n)4.2090.279 (6.64 % of mean)1.939 (46.1 % ofmea n)20.3531.121 (5.51 % of mean)11.370 (55.9 % ofmea n)39.9451.414 (3.54 % of mean)12.029 (30.1 % ofmea n)ASTM Intern ati onal takes no positi on respect ing the validity of any pate nt rights asserted in conn ecti on with any item m

36、en ti oned in this stan dard. Users of this sta ndard are expressly advised that determ in ati on of the validity of a ny such pate nt rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techni

37、cal committee and must be reviewed every ?ve years and ifnot revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideratio

38、n at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Un ited States. In dividua

39、l repri nts (sin gle address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), (www.astm.org).In ternati on al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co nshohocke n, PA 19428-2959, or multiple copies) of this sta ndard may be obta ined by con tact ing ASTM at the above 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website