数控机床的人性化设计方法毕业论文外文翻译

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1、Method of Humanity Design for Numerical Control Machine ToolXiaowei Jiang，Xianchun ChengInstitute of Mechanical Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, ChinaAbstract：In view of the humanity design problem of the existing numerical control machine tool, the author states her own

2、personal design idea. So the author makes an exploration on method of humanity design for components of numerical control machine tool, including the monitor, the console, the control device and protection device. At last, several key points that must be followed by the humanity design of the color

3、of numerical control machine tool have been pointed out.Keywords: Numerical Control Machine Tool, Humanity Design, Color Design1. IntroductionIt is can be discovered from the successive international exhibition of numerical control machine tool that the numerical control machine tool designed excell

4、ently tool machine, has already got away from the ice-cold and mechanical not friendly feature, and got away from the characteristic of disobeying persons nature, and becomes more friendly, more sweet, and more according with physiology and mental need of modern people. It is inevitable trend that n

5、umerical control machine tool develops facing humanization direction 1. Therefore, studying the method of humanity design for numerical control machine tool is a topic which has important theoretical meaning and realistic meaning.2. Present Development Situation of Numerical Control Machine ToolNume

6、rical control machine tool is one kind of highly effective automated precision machine tool that has been developed by comprehensively applying microelectronic technology, computer technology,automatic control, precision measurement and machine tool structures newest achievements, is one kind of mod

7、el integration of machinery product 2.In the modern technique of manufacture system, the numerical control machine tool occupies an important status. And it has a very important effect on manufacturing industry realizing flexibility automation, integration and intellectualism. The numerical control

8、technology and the numerical control equipment are the important foundation of the industry modernization. And whether this foundation is reliable directly affects a national economic development and the comprehensive national strength, which relates to a nations strategic status.Though our numerica

9、l control machine tool already has a very big development, and in the function design, has gradually approached the advanced level in the world. But in the humanization design, our numerical control machine tool still exists a lot of problems, for example, neglecting humanized require for the modeli

10、ng design of numerical control machine tool, so that our numerical control machine tool exists numerous problems, such as the body is huge and bulky, the color is monotonous and dull, the display device is not easy to observe, the control system lacks man-machine nature and is inconvenient to operat

11、e. Although many numerical control machine tools have the same function as the foreign ones, they could not reach a same market competition ability. Therefore, studying the method of humanity design for numerical control machine tool, has already become an urgent problem in the manufacturing industr

12、y of numerical control machine tool 3.3.Method of Humanity Design for Components of Numerical Control Machine ToolThe numerical control machine tool is the manufacturer of the whole machines manufacture and the most important constituent part of equipment manufacturing industry. With the progress of

13、 the age and the improvement of peoples appreciation ability of the beauty, it presents higher request to numerical control machine tool, that is, the numerical control machine tool should not only have high-tech function and good function, but also have a pleasant effect which makes person feel wor

14、k delightful, decreases tired and pleases the eye. Therefore, the color and material choice of numerical control machine tool effects the whole felling which numerical control machine tool gives person.The good console design, can make the operator quickly identify and cant take place a mistake oper

15、ation and ensure accuracy and efficiency, comfort and convenience of operation. The number monitor put inside the normal scope of vision can raise the accuracy and efficiency of recognizing and reading, and can also ease the vision tiring for a long time watching.3.1 Monitor DesignNo matter what mon

16、itor, wants to attain to provide accurate, quick and convenient vision information, of which the design should accord to the persons vision characteristic, and conducts according to the best observation fashion of person. Raising the accuracy and efficiency of recognizing and reading, the better vis

17、ion distance of monitor and person is in the scope of 560 mm750 mm, which can ease the vision tiring for a long time watching and be easy to observe for operator and can attain quick and accurate control when delivering the information to person.3.2 Console DesignIn console design, the key is that t

18、he arrangement of the console and monitor should be located in the normal scope of operation space, ensuring that the operator could well observe the necessary monitor, operate all the controllers, and provide comfortable operation posture for long-term operation. Sometimes, the console also has ope

19、ration area at the side before operator, certainly all these districts have to be within the area of seeing and reaching. Therefore, the design of console height and work zone should accord to the persons size parameter and machine mechanics parameter, sufficiently considering the influence of numer

20、ical control machine tool upon the person, reasonably choosing various parameter and making person easy to operate, not tired and easy to observe process situation, which builds up a kind of best working environment.3.3 Design of Control DeviceThe control device which converts the operators output s

21、ignal into the machines input signal is adevice that transports the persons information to the machine, in order to adjust and change the machine status. Therefore, the design of control device firstly should sufficiently consider the figure, the physiology the mental state, the physical strength an

22、d the ability of operator. The size, and shape of control device should adapt to the sport characteristic of the persons hand or feet, and the strength scope should be placed in the best scope of human body strength, could not outrun the extreme limit of human body strength. The important or using f

23、requently control device should arrange in the space scope where the persons responding is the most sensitive, the operation is the most convenient, and the body could attain. The design of control device still needs to consider enduring nature, revolve speed, external appearance and energy consumin

24、g. The control device is an important constituent part in man-machine system, of which the design whether proper, relates to the normal safety movement of the whole system 4.3.4 Design of Protection DeviceProtection device, which exclusively provides a safe protection by the object obstacle, which i

25、ncludes machine hull, cover, screen, door, lid, close type device and others, is a constituent part of numerical control machine tool. The protection device could be used alone, as well as be used through uniting with allied lock device together. If used alone, only when closed, can it have a protec

26、tion function; If used through uniting with allied lock device together, no matter what positions, it could have a protection function.4.Method of Humanity Design for the Color of Numerical Control Machine ToolThe color design is an important constituent part of the modeling design of numerical cont

27、rol machine tool, as color has more ocular, more strong and more attractive magic power than the body. The color could firstly influence the persons sense organs than the body, moreover, that could raise operator recognizing and watching degree to some operation controls, show instrument and appeara

28、nce by making use of vision recognizing effect and psychology of color, sequentially, the function of these device could be well developed, and the mental request of operator could be satisfied and the work efficiency could be enhanced, in the meantime, the occurrence of production could be also red

29、uced. The humanity design of the color of numerical control machine tool should follow the following few important points.4.1 Satisfy the Request of Man-machine CoordinationThe color design of numerical control machine tool should well embody the relation of man-machine coordination, so as to make o

30、perators mood pleasant, have a sense of security, dont easily produce fatigue, and then attain to the purpose of operating accurately and enhancing production efficiency. For example, generally, the base and body of numerical control machine tool properly adopt heavy and solid deep color,not only be

31、aring dirty but also making person have the dependable sense of stability to machine. The workbench, sliding plate and other parts are the components that person usually use, which properly adopt bright color, so as to get rid of depressed feeling, satisfying the request of operating accurately and

32、man-machine coordination.4.2 Satisfy the Request of Environment and FunctionThe color should well express the function characteristic of product, and mutually coordinate with the use environment. If the greasy dirt of use environment is serious, usually the dark color is proper for bearing greasy di

33、rt. The color of the panel of numerical control machine tool generally properly use the neutral base color of low bright degree and low pure degree, contrasting with component color, so as to enhance the vision recognizing degree. The panel should have no strong reflection and dazzle light. The colo

34、r of display part should be obvious and refreshing, but not dazzle eye. The color of caution part should be fresh and gorgeous to come into notice, and the color of concealment part should be quiet.4.3 Value the Choice of ToneThe choice of main tone of numerical control machine tool is a problem of

35、very importance, the different tone will form different art effect. In matching color of numerical control machine tool, having main tone can seem to be to unify. The color is more little, the main body characteristic is more strong, the decorate characteristic is more good, and the external form re

36、lation of numerical control machine tool is more unify. Contrary, the color matches more much, causing the color more disorderly, so that it is difficult to adjust generally, the main body characteristic is unclear and the harmonious effect is broken.The choice of tone still needs to notice whether

37、unique beauty. It needs to hold tight peoples mental request for the color of numerical control machine tool, transform the tone of numerical control machine tool to make it produce an unusual attraction, in the meantime, increase the category of tone to satisfy peoples fondness for different colors

38、.Moreover, the base, the body and other big pieces of numerical control machine tool are suitable to use a low pure degree color as the main body color, and use clear, elegant and clean color to unify overall situation to make the main tone definite. Using little area of high purity color to embelli

39、sh to make the whole seem to be abundant, change and organic. The whole color generally uses monochrome or two sets of colors, not more than three sets of colors 5.4.4 Notice NoveltyThe color design of numerical control machine tool should notice novelty and creativity to make it have vitality and m

40、ore competitiveness. The color of numerical control machine tool not only can satisfy the request for appreciating beauty, under the particular condition, but also has strong influence, which can cause the transfer of peoples emotion and interest to attract peoples attention. For example, on an inte

41、rnational industrial product exhibition, a red numerical control machine tool produced by Germany appeared in the mechanical exhibition hall. Though the red is not the color that the numerical control machine tool consistently uses, the factory surprisingly adopted red color to decorate numerical co

42、ntrol machine tool, causing the purchaser to crowd in its vicinity and then understood its function characteristics, which produced a surprising sensation effect and made its order enormously exceeded other nation. It is thus clear that the novelty of color design is very important.4.5 Match the New

43、 Age Request of Appreciation BeautyWith the progress of the age, the improvement of peoples living standard and the increase of cultural art accomplishment, the appreciating beauty standards also change. In a certain period or a certain region or world scope, some colors are popular of people and ar

44、e extensively popular, becoming the popular color. The popular color has a strong age characteristic, as a result, in a period, it become the color which is used extensively. The color design of numerical control machine tool also should sufficiently consider using the popular color to accord with t

45、he age request.References1 Yang Dongmei, Gao Bingxue and Jiang Ke: Modern Manufacturing Engineering Vol. 2 (2003), p. 542 Zhang Dequan, Chen Sifu and Lin Bin: Mechanical Manufacturing Equipment and Design (Tianjin University Press, Tianjin 2003).3 Xiaowei Jiang and Xianchun Cheng: Research on Modeli

46、ng Design of Numerical Control Machine Tool, volume 1 of 2010 International Conference on Computer-Aided Manufacturing and Design, IEEE Publications (2010), p. 2704 Zhan Xiong: Art Design of Machine (Hunan University Press, Changsha 1999).5 Liming Fu: Research on Modeling Design of Industrial Produc

47、t (Jilin People Press, Changchun 2002).附 录 B数控机床的人性化设计方法姜晓巍，程宪春中国吉林长春，长春大学机械工程学院，130022摘要：针对人类现有的数控机床设计问题，作者有她个人的设计理念。因此作者在探索人性设计数控机床的组件中包括监控控制台，控制装置和保护装置。最后，这几个要点都必须遵循人类设计的数控机床时已经定下的标准色彩。关键字：数控机床；人性设计；色彩设计1 介绍我们可以发现那些连续在国际展览设计出色的数控机床已经远离了冰冷的和机械的“不友好”特性，并远离了违反人性的特点，反而变得更友好，更甜蜜，更符合现代人的生理和心理需求。这是不可避免的

48、趋势，数控机床朝着人性化方向发展1。因此，研究人性化设计数控机床是一个具有重要理论意义和现实意义的主题。2 数控机床的发展现状数控机床是一种高效的自动化精密机械工具，是涉及了综合应用微电子技术、计算机技术、自动控制、精密测量和机床结构的最新成就，是一种机械产品的模型集成2。在现代制造技术系统中,数控机床占有重要地位。它对制造业实现灵活性自动化、集成和知性美有着非常重要的影响。数控技术和数控装备是工业现代化的重要基础，而这个基础是否可靠直接影响一个国家经济发展和综合国力，关系到一个国家的战略地位。虽然我国的数控机床已经有了很大的发展，功能设计已逐渐接近世界先进水平。但是在人性化设计方面，我们的数

49、控机床仍然存在很多问题。例如忽视了人性化需要的数控机床建模设计，由此暴露了我国的数控机床存在众多问题。如床身巨大而笨重，颜色单调和枯燥，显示设备不容易观察，控制系统缺乏人机自然性和操作不方便等缺点。因而虽然许多数控机床和外国的一样都有相同的参数，我们却不能达到同样的市场竞争能力。因此，对数控机床人性化设计的研究，已经成为数控机床制造业一个迫在眉睫的课题3。3 人性化设计数控机床组成部分的方法数控机床是生产制造业和装备制造业最重要的组成部分。随着时代的进步和人们对于美好事物鉴赏力的提高，对数控机床提出了更高的要求。这将意味着，数控机床不仅要具有高科技和良好的功能，也要有一个愉快的效果，使人感到愉

50、快地工作，减少疲劳感。因此，数控机床的颜色和材料的选择就影响了整个数控机床给人的感觉。例如好的控制台设计，可使操作者快速识别，不会发生错误操作，确保准确性和高效性、舒适性和便利性；监控控制台将可在正常视野范围提高识别的准确性和高效性，阅读的时候也可以缓解视力。3.1监控设计无论如何监控，要想达到提供准确、快速、方便的视觉信息，设计都应该符合人的视觉特性，并符合当代人最好的视觉效果。为了提高认识和阅读的准确性和高效性,研究表明更好的视觉监控和人的距离是560毫米 750毫米的范围,它可以缓解视力，使操作员更容易观察，可以让人得到信息后快速和精确控制。3.2控制台设计在控制台的设计中，关键是控制台

51、的安排和监控应该位于正常范围的操作空间，确保操作员可实施必要的监控，操作所有的控制器，并且提供舒适的操作姿势便于长期操作。有时,控制台也有操作区域在操作员侧面，当然所有这些部分都必须在肉眼观察能达到的区域。因此，控制台的设计高度和工作区域应符合人的尺寸参数和机械力学参数，充分考虑数控机床对人的影响，合理选择各种参数，使人容易操作，不累，容易观察过程和情况,构建了一种最佳的工作环境。3.3控制装置的设计控制装置是将操作符的输出信号转换成机器的输入信号再把信息传输给人。为了调整和改变机器状态，控制装置的设计首先应充分考虑到人的体形,生理心理状态、体力和能力。控制装置的大小和形状应该适应人的手或脚的

52、运动特点,强度范围应适应在人体力量的最佳范围,不能超过人体的极限力量。控制装置重要的部分如使用频率应该安排在合理的空间范围内,使人的反应最敏感,操作最方便,身体可能会实现。控制装置的设计还需要考虑持久自然，旋转速度，外观和能源消耗。控制装置是人机系统中一个重要的组成部分，设计是否合理，关系到整个系统的能否正常安全运动4。3.4保护装置的设计保护装置,是对操作员起到一个安全保护作用,其中包括机器外壳，封面，屏幕，门，盖,关闭设备和其他部分，是数控机床的组成部分。保护装置可以单独使用,以及通过与其他部分联合锁定装置一起使用。如果单独使用，只有当关闭时，它才能具有保护功能；如果使用通过与与其他部分联

53、合锁定装置一起使用，不管打开关闭，它都可以起到保护功能。4 人性化设计数控机床色彩的方法在数控机床中，色彩设计是一个重要的组成部分的建模设计，颜色有独到之处,与机床本身魅力相比更强大且更具有吸引力。色彩将首先影响人体的感官,此外,能够提高操作员认识和了解操作显示仪表的控制程度,外观上的视觉识别效果和色彩心理学，而这些设备功能的开发，不仅可以满足操作员的精神要求，还可以提高工作效率，与此同时，生产废品率也可能减少。数控机床的色彩设计应遵循以下几个重要的点。4.1 满足人机协调的要求数控机床的色彩设计应体现人机协调的关系,使操作员的心情舒畅、有安全感,不容易产生疲劳，然后达到操作准确、提高生产效率

54、的目的。例如,一般情况下，数控机床的床身采用重型和坚实的深颜色,有厚实感,让人感动可靠稳定。那些经常使用的组件，如工作台、滑动板等,应该正确地采用明亮的色彩,以摆脱抑郁的感觉,令人满意的操作准确和人机协调的要求。4.2 满足环境保护的要求颜色应该表达产品的功能特点,并与使用环境相协调。如果使用环境的油污严重，通常轴承的油污为黑色。数控机床面板的颜色一般正常使用的是中性，底色明亮度和低纯度低的颜色，与组件的颜色对比,用以增强视觉识别度，面板应该没有强烈的反射和炫光。显示部分的颜色应该是明显的和清爽的，但不是炫目的。危险部分的颜色应该是新鲜和醒目的，容易引起注意；而隐藏部分的颜色应该低调的。4.3

55、 色调的选择与评估数控机床主要色调的选择是一个非常重要的问题，不同的色调会形成不同的艺术效果。颜色匹配的数控机床，主要色调几乎可以统一。相关的颜色更少,主体特性更强,装饰特点越好，外形数控机床更统一。相反，颜色匹配更多，导致颜色更加无序，就很难调整，总之，主体特征不清晰从而破坏整体和谐效果。色调的选择仍需注意的是是否有独特的美。这需要抓住人们的心理要求，数控机床的色调转换使它产生一个不寻常的吸引力，与此同时，增加颜色的类别来满足人们的喜欢不同的颜色的需求。此外，底座，床身和其他大型的数控机床适合使用低纯度色彩的颜色为主体，并使用清晰、优雅、干净的颜色统一大局从而做出明确的主色调。使用高纯度颜色

56、，小面积点缀使整个机床丰富，多变有机结合。整个色调通常使用单色或两套颜色,不超过三套颜色5。4.4 注意创新数控机床的色彩设计应注重新颖性和创造性，使其更具有活力和竞争力。数控机床的颜色不仅要满足欣赏之美，在特定的条件下，还要具有强大的影响力。它可以引起人的情感，从而吸引人们的注意力。例如，在国际工业产品展览中，当一个由德国生产的红色数控机床出现在机械展厅，尽管红色不是数控机床的主要色彩，但工厂意外采用红色来装饰数控机床，却使购买者聚集在其附近，然后理解其功能特征，产生一个惊人的轰动效应，极大地超过其他国家的展品。可见，新奇的色彩设计是非常重要的。4.5 符合新时代的要求随着时代的进步，人民生

57、活水平的提高和文化艺术修养的提高，欣赏美的标准也发生了变化。在一定时期或一定地区甚至全球范围内,有些颜色受欢迎是广泛流行的，它们成为“流行的颜色”。“流行的颜色”有很强的时代特征，因此，在一段时间内,它成为广泛使用的颜色。数控机床的色彩设计也应充分考虑使用“流行的颜色”，符合时代的要求。参 考 文 献1 杨冬梅，高炳学，姜可. 机床设计中的人性化J. 现代制造工程2003年02期.2 张德全，陈思夫，林彬. 机械制造装备及其设计M. 天津大学出版社，2003. 3 姜晓巍，程宪春. 研究数控机床的建模设计，卷2010. 国际会议上的计算机辅助制造和设计M，IEEE出版，2010.4 詹熊. 艺术设计的机器M. 长沙湖南大学出版社，1999.5 傅李明. 建模研究工业产品设计M. 长春吉林人民出版社，2002.