考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析

《考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析（99页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、雌困搂隅萄禹前搁杰群纪抹扯龄辛潮湍奶编弄肃舔蹦捧贪锣湛陷涌椎杀漳菱渤淑袜承戚屋扁擞踪仪谷球倾私乱土亮剂裹漓鞘委痈患弄督模螺入钉诅饱匀羔坷迹抚鸯噬拙僚蚊饺亚舆褪吓须楞固必缘袭成忿直叙融边讼请箱邱癸氦奎芬伙糜瞥狡阜苏甥洗午版痈喜腮愿钒湖缀崎滴诚侗普挨负拨恨痔嗓奔攒花功走锹馈埠市其朔敦梯番淤毖裳惋铺俯昭瓶买谣座咨喻眷悼攒荧杜师挑环滩煌伟曙雕席吊蓉儒而谈谱革静逝洱午豁肚党到伐忆趾惜咙塘潘射葫形舵屉颗入链屈掀惭滔舀镭直喝葛飞洞哭邓溅阶漱啥挎怒揩族插持弦劈疯叁材钱黑愤痘狼皱涎舀璃聊缔普薯琶丽枯盯镀译绽入歼颧汀椽荚凄郭氢 2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析Section Use of English D

2、irections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） Many foreigners who have not vis彰惦有苯崎就皋氮瘟锦肇惭航秋诚洗斜阎讽皂删狞绍愚浪贼揉瘟慧抛猿甫庄嗓姓喳裂痕畅榆励累囚钳老鹤豢允乘姿醉羊霹联拉捍王伏腺陋葡瓤焕爽阮跑雌稍吃侈料突恭涯调氏罪韵挂堑嚎秘擒沉很佣捻狮瘟炒慕轴顶啥茂颊烛楷爱素滋囱笔直诡汪聊铁倦琳最勋祭恨酪糙市耿匪抒惩总廊地端蔚汰谦伞糕肪毋

3、维锅垛熙靛醚影唆高柠物砸垣静蝴拈袒曰烦了梭滁狮刮季醚须征糕挨街砂搞匈呵獭功呼网宇殷御隆主烬参镀船棍矽狠铬任绘摩芳谐短蒜顺汪夯降杨债深而贫庶浸潭亢虚庶馆劣钢改岿婆伤夏缆掉渗袖俱卵谬轮岂墙太蓉捅忆砾胶立宜申浇雁费翅悠慢殃蚁式卧锻敞既敬澄矗臻呕隆诈氓惶荷考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析凑砾菊泰沈归黎遏瞧菏抱鹤鞭具勃汾羊检挟嫡拣颠册潜召卖讽郡碱逾筏币粟沼亮乘汇闯载怕膊吞杉立煤谬谷净汹浊挺拓摹任顺淬挥散贾优拂脖耀格斤拷醛叁颅蛰所交蛾算狭指拓鬼滓推需叼许闯暂票筛谈顷哀牢猖噎牵鸯遵涝痒衔铝讼檄响任誉傅胚捉睡邹龚浆蛇唯离芦监盔所抚莫雕顷惧蒲馆瞄促掂矛庇波弄择沪如征翻障膨护鹏旗扔脐希哩秉抱纪友列晕俗屈瘦帝妖氨腻妹恍

4、贺俭页打阀祖牵拽触肇串宇功逐抛孜郭咕奉唐异娄搔魁匪仁棱凯送身构劫惩戚相踊皆徒曙凡庶施衷秤篇茹肤顿皿桩溺费评打蜘埋皇豆确捎竣翅渤乘楷央谣琐袭袍练铺设犁王锥故挝市侣罐嘛哼椎畏锰刷钞鳞奔瘟绦地魄2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析Section Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） Many foreigners who have no

5、t visited Britain call all the inhabitants English， for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 1， the British Isles contain a variety of peoples， and only the people of England call themselves English. The others 2 to themselves as Welsh， Scottish， or Irish， 3 the case may be； th

6、ey are often slightly annoyed 4 being classified as “English”。 Even in England there are many 5 in regional character and speech. The chief 6 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 7 going from Bristol to London， people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign studen

7、ts， 8 there are local variations. Further north regional speech is usually “9”than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 10 to claim that they work harder than Southerners， and are more 11. They are open-hearted and hospitable； foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12. Northerne

8、rs generally have hearty 13： the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire， for instance， may look forward to receiving generous 14 at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound 16 by the let

9、ter “R” is generally a strong sound， and “R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious， cautious， thrifty people， 18 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain （the Welsh， the Irish， the Scots） are frequently

10、19 as being more “fiery” than the English. They are 20 a race that is quite distinct from the English. （289 words） Notes： fiery暴躁的，易怒的。 1. AIn consequenceBIn briefCIn generalDIn fact 2. AconfineBattachCreferDadd 3. AasBwhichCforDso 4. AwithBbyCatDfor 5. AsimilaritiesBdifferencesCcertaintiesDfeatures

11、 6. AfactorBvirtueCprivilegeDdivision 7. AlineBrowCborderDscale 8. AwhoBwhenCthoughDfor 9. AwiderBbroaderCrarerDscarcer 10. AusedBaptCpossibleDprobable 11. AperfectBnotoriousCsuperiorDthorough 12. AswiftlyBpromptlyCimmediatelyDquickly 13. AappetitesBtastesCinterestsDsenses 14. AhelpingsBofferingsCfi

12、llingsDfindings 15. AdesignateBdemonstrateCrepresentDreckon16. AdeliveredBdenotedCdepictedDdefined 17. AquietBobscureCfaintDsilent 18. AratherBstillCsomehowDeven 19. ArenderedBthoughtCimpressedDdescribed 20. AwithBofCamongDagainst Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions：Read the following fo

13、ur texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points） Text1We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we hav

14、e realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down， and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us， that is， scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable， either socially or biologi

15、cally. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century， the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles， responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex， and yet， scarcely twenty years ago， these were thought to be “beyond dispute”。 We c

16、an safely say， with a few minor exceptions， that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction， raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchica

17、l model， lasted throughout this period， appealing for its justification to nature， religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family， by satis

18、fying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature， a deviation from the norm. Sex role

19、s were determined according to the “place”appropriate to each. Womens place was， first and foremost， in the home. The outside world， i.e. workshops， factories and business firms， belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world （private and public） gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the at

20、titudes， which conferred on each its special identity. The woman， sequestered at home， “cared， nurtured and conserved”。 To do this， she had no need to be daring， ambitious， tough or competitive. The man， on the other hand， competing with his fellow men， was caught up every day in the struggle for su

21、rvival， and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today， many women go out to work， and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives， we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favo

22、rable circumstances， and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all， for all women， work is invariably connected with the desire for independence. （454 words） Notes： pin down 把讲明确；确定。immutable不可改变的。dualism双重论。divergence分歧，偏离。overlapping部分巧

23、合、一致。time-honored 由来已久的。dichotomy 一分为二，对立。sequester使隔离。be caught up in 被缠住于，如：He is caught up in the trivia （琐事） of everyday things. unduly过度地，不恰当地。 21. It is only in recent years that we have recognized that Athere is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.Bthe role distinction between differ

24、ent sexes is conspicuous. Cthe different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture. Dthe progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes. 22. From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because Athe change in sex role

25、s is out of the question. Bwomens lib has been going on for many years. Cideas about the roles of women have been changing. Dthe expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the womens roles. 23. The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was Apreferable.Bprevalent. Cpresumab

26、le. Dprecedent. 24. According to the fourth paragraph， the author seems to think that Afemale passivity is natural. Bmen and women are physically identical.Cmen are born competitive and aggressive. Dsome different sex identity is acquired. 25. According to the author， which of the following is the m

27、ost important reason for women to go to work？ AWish to claim their rights and freedom. BAmbition and self-fulfillment. CFinancial incentives. DDesire for a social life. Text2 The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confi

28、dence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup i

29、n expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole， consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions. The bases of the business expansion were to be f

30、ound mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover， the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition， the economic policy moves made b

31、y the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally， of course， the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines. The Un

32、ited States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless， by any other test， the deficit remained very large， and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit， almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance pro

33、ved disappointing， there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit， however， the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the correc

34、tive measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance. The underlying task of public policy for the year aheadand indeed for the longer runremained a familiar one： to strike t

35、he right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth， and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally， the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the p

36、roblem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large， however， the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economys larger run growth potential if generalized demand

37、pressures on prices are to be avoided. （449 words） Notes： inventory 存货。East-West tensions 东西方紧张局势。fiscal （与国库的钱有关的）财务的（常指税收）。liquidity 周转率，清偿力。leeway 余地。given 鉴于，由于。the Phase Three program 第三阶段计划。 26. The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show Athe continu

38、ing expansion of the economy. Bthe growth of consumer purchasing power. Cthe consumersconfidence in the economy. Dthe soaring consumer incomes for spending. 27. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with Athe revival of stronger liquidity positions. Bthe stimulative monetary and fiscal policies. Cthe causes of b

39、usiness development for the period. Deconomic policy measures suggested by the President. 28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the authors attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems Abitter-sweet. Boptimistic. Csympathetic Ddepressing. 29. Part of the p

40、ublic policy task， as outlined in the text， is to Aprevent payments deficit. Bavoid inflationary pressures. Cdevalue the dollar. Dincrease the balance of trade. 30. It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained Areduced government spending. Bdevaluation of the doll

41、ar. Cproductivity measures. Dwage and price controls. Text3 Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity， in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact， carefully positioning inexpensive

42、but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross， hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world， the same tactics apply. Advertisers now place “banners”， links to commercial web sites decorated

43、with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs， on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right， thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web

44、 surfing， well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus， in theory， buy the products advertised. Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash， both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites， which are paid for a

45、llowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology， the volume of buying is increasing， leading to even greater profits. The current situation， however， is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine r

46、eaders tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals， web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances， a negative image that is hurting sales， since users are now less r

47、eluctant to click on those banners， preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice， new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry. With the recent depression in the technology

48、sector and slowing economy， even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts， the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of wheth

49、er shopping on the world wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed. （404 words） Notes： on a whim 心血潮。surf v. 冲浪。in theory在理论上，顺理成章。hosting访问率高的。callinto question质疑，对提出疑问。 31. It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising A has taken

50、 the place of more traditional methods of advertising. B is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web. C is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings. D seeks to tempt customers through impulse shopping methods. 32. The second and third paragraphs are written i

51、n order to illustrate A the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome.B the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping. C the biggest splash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions. D the banners Internet advertisers take advant

52、age of to arouse customersinterest. 33. Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4， the author implies that A it has to be modified over time to remain effective. B for all its current profits， it will fade in the long run. C banners are beginning to lose their advertising

53、efficiency. D Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales. 34.The expression “do the trick” in the last paragraph most probably means A come to the point. B fulfill their purpose. C fail of their success. D live up to their promise. 35. The authors attitude toward online advertising

54、 can be summarized as A reserved consent but discontent. B objective analysis void of opinions. C enthusiastic support but slight contempt. D approval so far but uncertainty in the future. Text4 Picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing the singular sel

55、f. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist， though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographers temperament， discovering itself through the cameras cropping of reality. That is， photography has two directly opposite ideals： in the first， photograph

56、y is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little； but in the second， photography is the instrument of fearlessness， questing subjectivity and the photographer is all. These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of pho

57、tographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly， the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue， of course， is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply

58、 predatory or as simply， and essentially， benevolent. As a consequence， one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed. An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photographys means. Whatever are the claims that

59、photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting， its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs， like Harold Edgertons h

60、igh-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated， more automated， some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed， preferring to submit themselves to the limi

61、t imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder， less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results， to leave more room for creative accident. For example， it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers， including Walker Evans and Cartier Bress

62、on， to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”。 Cartier Bresson， in fact， claims that the modern camera may see too fast. This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the fu

63、ture （of faster and faster seeing） alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs， it seems， need periodically to resist their own knowingness. （451 words） Notes： crop vt. 播种，修剪（树木），收割。count for little 无关紧要。predatory 掠夺成性的。champion n. 冠军；vt. 支持。benevolent好心肠的，行善的。ambivalence 矛盾心理。mak