有机化学课后习题答案高教四版第十章

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1、and statistics) (Ii) animal immune antibody and the blight monitoring 1, and sampling situation according to XX city animal blight prevention Control Center issued to I district of monitoring task, combined I district actual, put task by animal feeding situation decomposition to the Xiang (town), sa

2、mpling range covers area all Xiang (town) of dam district, and mountain and mid-levels, focus sampling scale farms, and town around, and highway along, and focus engineering around, and farming intensive district, and epidemic prevention model social, blight spread high risk regional feeding of has

3、from animal. Spring anti-2015 spring anti-total sampling serum 548 copies, which including pig serum 59 copies, sampling range involved 7 a Xiang (town) 7 a village 10 households farming households, which contains 2 a farms; chicken serum 250 copies, sampling range involved 7 a Xiang (town) 7 a vill

4、age 14 households farming households, which contains 10 a scale farming households; sheep serum 70 copies, sampling range involved 7 a Xiang (town) 7 a village 7 households farming households; cattle serum 70 copies, sampling range involved 7 a Xiang (town) 7 a village 8 households farming household

5、s; 99 equine serum, sampling covers 2 villages 8 97-farming family in a village. fall prevention is expected in late October. 2 immune antibody, monitoring results monitoring serum 697 prevention monitoring over the area in the spring. Which chicken Metro epidemic antibody detection 130 copies, qual

6、ified 94 copies, rate 72.3%; avian influenza (H5N1) antibody detection 250 copies, qualified 223 copies, rate 89.2%; cattle w disease antibody detection 70 Toufen, qualified 50 copies, rate 71.4%; sheep w disease antibody detection 70 Toufen, qualified 50 Toufen, rate 71.4%; classical swine fever an

7、tibody detection 59 Toufen, qualified 55 copies, rate 93.2%; pig w disease antibody detection 59 Toufen, qualified 42 copies, Rate of 71.2%. Blue-ear pig disease antibody detection 59 Toufen, qualified, 58, was 98.3%. fall prevention is expected in late October. pathogen monitoring spring control se

8、rum 549 in detection of pathogens in the autonomous region. Which pig pseudo crazy dog detection 59 Toufen, positive 26 copies, positive rate 44.1%; pig b type encephalitis detection 59 Toufen, positive 6 copies, positive rate 10.2%; pig ring virus disease detection 27 Toufen, positive 9 copies, pos

9、itive rate 33.3%; cloths Bacillus disease detection 199 Toufen, positive 0 copies, positive rate for 0; Ma Chuan poverty detection 99 Toufen, positive 0 copies, positive rate for 0; W ill detect 52, 7 positive, the positive rate for 13.5%. Detection of porcine Parvovirus 27, 4 positive, positive rat

10、es 14.8%; 27 pathogen detection of classical swine fever, positive, 0, positive rate of 0. fall prevention is expected in late October. Lung plague serum samples sent Center samples 30; rabies immune serum 10; dog brain of 5 copies of highly pathogenic avian influenza, subtype H7N9 flu and Newcastle

11、 disease of chicken Laryngotracheal 60; duck pipe 20; the highly pathogenic blue-ear pig spleen and lungs of 40; cotton swab influenza 10. (C) epidemiological investigation and disposition 1, outbreak on February 3, 2015, long Tan Xiang long Tan village, small groups of villagers suspected goat smal

12、l ruminant animal epidemic diseases, involving 3 132 goats. On June 15, 2015, Nanping town lazy man Lian Cun Wei Hui chicken farmer Guo Shuan steady next to the fire to village groups of poultry disease, initially diagnosed as suspected type of animal第十章 醇、酚、醚1.写出戊醇C5H9OH的异构体的构造式.并用系统命名法命名。答案： 1-戊醇

13、2-戊醇 3-戊醇 2-甲基-1-丁醇 3-甲基-1-丁醇 2-甲基-2-丁醇 3-甲基-2-丁醇 2，2-二甲基-1-丙醇 2.写出下列结构式的系统命名: （1） （2） （3） （4） （5） （6） （7） （8） （9） （10） 答案：（1）3-甲氧基-2-戊醇（2）（E）-4-烯-2-己醇（3）2-对氯苯基乙醇或对氯苯乙醇（4）（Z）-2-甲基-1-乙基-环己醇（5）1-乙氧基-2-甲基丙烷或乙基异丁基醚（6）3-氯-5-硝基-1，2-苯二酚（7）对溴乙氧基苯（8）2，6-二溴-4-异丙基苯酚（9）1，2，3-三甲氧基丙烷或丙三醇三甲醚（10）1，2-环氧丁烷3写出下列化合物的构造

14、式：（1）（E）-2-丁烯十醇 (2)烯丙基正丁醚 （3）对硝基苄基苯甲醚 （4）邻甲基苯甲醚 （5）2，3-二甲氧基丁烷 （6），-二苯基乙醇 （7）新戊醇 （8）苦味酸 （9）2，3-坏氧戊烷 （10）15-冠-5 答案： 4、写出下列化合物的构造式。(1)2,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol(2)4-penten-2-ol(3)3-bromo-4-methylphenol (4)5-nitro-2-naphthol (5)tert-butyl phenyl ether (6)1,2-dimethoxyethanel答案：(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)5写出异丙醇与下列方式剂

15、作用的反应式：（1） Na (2)Al (3)冷浓H2SO4 (4)H2SO41600C (5) H2SO41400C （6）NaBr+H2SO4 (7)红磷+碘（8）SOCl2 (9)CH3C6H4SO2Cl (10)(1)的产物+C2H5Br (11)（1）的产物+叔丁基氯 (12)（5）的产物+HI（过量）答案：（1） (2)(3) (3) (4)(5)（6） (7)（8）(9)(10)(11)（1）的产物+叔丁基氯 (12)（5）的产物+HI（过量） 6在叔丁醇中加入金属钠，当Na被消耗后，在反应混合物中加入溴乙烷，这时可得到C6H14O；如在乙醇与Na反应的混合物中加入2-溴-二甲基

16、丙烷，则有气体产生，在留下的混合物中仅有乙醇一种有机物，试写出所有的反应，并解释这两个实验为什么不同？答案： 第一个实验是亲核反应，第二个实验以消除反应为主，生成烯烃气体放出，过量的乙醇没参加反应而留下。 7有人试图从氘代醇 和HBr，H2SO4共热制备 ，得到的产物具有正确的沸点，但经过对光谱性质的仔细考察，发现该产物是CH3CHDCHBrCH3和CH3CH2CDBrCH3的混合物，试问反应过程中发生了什么变化？用反应式表明？答案：8完成下列各反应： (9) (10) 答案：解： (9) (10) 9写出下列各题中括弧中的构造式： （1） （2） （3） 答案：解：(1) (2)(3) 10

17、用反应式标明下列反应事实： 答案：11化合物（A）为反-2-甲基环已醇，将（A）与对皿苯磺酰氯反应产物以丁醇钠处理所获得的唯一烯烃是3-甲基环已烯。（1）写出以上各步反应式。（2）指出最后一步反应的立体化学。（3）若将（A）用H2SO4脱水，能否得到下列烯烃。答案：（2）最后一步反应的立体化学是SN2反式消除。（3）若将A用H2SO4脱水，能得到少量上述烯烃和另外一种主要产物烯烃 因为（CH3）3COK是个体积大的碱在反应是只能脱去空间位阻小的H，而得到3-甲基环己烯，而用硫酸脱水时，都是E1历程，所以主要产物是12选择适当的醛酮和Grignard试剂合成下列化合物： （1）3-苯基-1-丙醇

18、：（2）1-环已基乙醇 （3）2-苯基-2-丙醇 （4）2，4-二甲基-3-戊醇 （5）1-甲基环已烯 答案：13利用指定原料进行合成（无机试剂和C2以下的有机试剂可以任选）。 （1）用正丁醇合成：正丁酸1，2-二溴丁烷，1-氯-2-丁醇，1-丁炔，2-丁酮。（2）用乙烯合成 （3）用丙烯合成 （4）用丙烯和苯合成 （5）用甲烷合成 （6）用苯酚合成 （7）用乙炔合成 （8）用甲苯合成 （9）用叔丁醇合成 答案：14用简单的化学方法区别以下各组化合物 （1）1，2-丙二醇，正丁醇，甲丙醚，环已烷。 （2）丙醚，溴代正丁烷烯丙基异丙基醚。 答案：15试用适当的化学方法结合必要的物理方法将下列混合

19、物中的少量杂质除去。 （1）乙醚中含有少量乙醇。（2）乙中含有少量水（3）环已醇中含有少量苯酚 答案： 16。分子式为C6H10O的化合物（A），能与lucas试剂反应，亦可被KMnO4氧化， 并能吸收1molBr2，（A）经催化加氢得（B），将（B）氧化得（C）分子式为C6H10O，将（B）在加热下与浓H2SO4作用的产物还原可得到环已烷，试推测（A）可能的结构，写出各步骤的反应式：答案： 17化合物（A）分子式为C6H14O，能与Na作用，在酸催化作用下可脱水生成（B），以冷KMnO4溶液氧化（B）可得到（C），其分子式为C6H14O2，（C）与HIO4作用只得丙酮，试推（A），（B），（

20、C）的构造式，并写出有关反应式。答案：18分子式为C5H12O的一般纯度的醇，具有下列NMR数据，试推出该醇的结构式。值 质子数 信号类型 （a）09 （b）16 （c）26 （d）36 （e）11 6 1 1 1 3 二重峰 多重峰 单 峰 多重峰 二重峰 答案：19某化合物分子式为C8H16O（A），不与金属Na，NaOH及KMnO4反应，而能与浓氢碘酸作用，生成化合物C7H14O（B），（B）与浓H2SO4共热生成化合物C7H12（C），（C）经臭氧化水解后得产物C7H12O2（D），（D）的IR图上在17501700cm-1处有强吸收峰，而在NMR图中有两面三刀驵峰具有如下特征：一组为

21、（1H）的三重峰（=10），另一组是（3H）和单峰（=2），（C）在过氧化物存在下与氢溴酸作用得C7H12Br（E），E经水解得化合物（B）试推导出（A）的结构式，并用反应式表示上述变化过程。答案：20.某化合物（A）C4H10O，在NMR图中=0.8（双重峰6H），=1.7（复杂多重峰，1H）=3.2（双重峰，2H）以及=4.2（单峰，1H加样品与D2O共振后此峰消失），试推测A的结构。答案：21画出下列取代乙醇的构象异构体的Newman式，并预测各步的相对比例。(1)FCH2CH2OH （2）BrCH2CH2OH答案：22试判断下列反应历程是E1或E2，还是SN1或SN2，并写出主要产物。

22、（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）答案：（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）23就以下几个方面对E1和E2反应进行比较：(1)反应步骤 (2)动力学 (3)过渡态 (4)立体化学(5)竞争反应 (6)底物（RX或ROH）结构对速率的影响 (7)离去基团L的碱性对反应速度的影响 (8)消去的-H的酸性对反应速率的影响 答案：名称E1反应E2反应反应步骤分两步反应一步进行动力学一级反应二级反应过渡态立体化学经C+消除有重排产物外消旋化反式消除构型翻转竞争反应 SN1SN2底物（RX或ROH）结构对速率的影响 -C取代基越大，对E1历程越有利叔卤

23、代烷，醇有利于E1伯卤代烷有利于E2历程离去基团L的碱性对反应速度的影响碱性越弱，越易离去，反应速度越大碱性越弱，越易离去，反应速度越大消去的-H的酸性对反应速率的影响酸性越强反应速度越快酸性愈强反应速度加快有利于E2历程24、完成下列五类化合物的相互关系式，总结从a至b多项转变可能有的方法和所需的试剂。答案：（略）disease. Veterinary sector left 67 dead chickens were culled harmless treatment, died on the spot over more than 200 chickens were buried. On

24、 July 1, 2015, to 7th, Liu Shun Zhen Guan Fang village swine streptococci disease epidemic, the incidence of 14 households, 43, killed 3. On August 11, 2015, as Zhen Hai Zi Wei Hui, the breeding of goats and sheep, dry sores, number 49, and 20, no death. On August 15, 2015, the town of Banpo Village

25、 farmers raising swine Streptococcus suis, number 5, the incidence of 5 deaths 2. (Four) mortality survey is expected to November carried out (five) eradication horse infection sex anemia disease work I district eradication horse infection sex anemia work currently has completed of work has: establi

26、shed has XX district eradication horse infection sex anemia disease work led group; developed has implementation programme; completed has over of monitoring task, wrote has over summary, has no detection out positive horse is animal; issued has the Xiang (town), and village level no horse is animal

27、stock proved. Third, the measures taken by (a) the precise planning, implementation of major animal epidemic prevention and control work in my area leaders attention, the meticulous, on February 10, 2015, the major animal epidemic prevention and treatment headquarters held by the township (town) in

28、charge of the leadership and the township (town) animal husbandry and veterinary station and belonged to the station chief to participate in animal epidemic prevention work Conference, and with the township (town) peoples Government signed the year Responsibility for animal epidemic prevention. Will

29、 Shang issued has XX district 2015 animal epidemic prevention work implementation programme and the 321 technology programme, District Government and the Xiang (town) Government signed has animal epidemic prevention target responsibility, stressed to always put major animal blight control work put i

30、n livestock veterinary work of primary location, to high pathogenic sex avian influenza, livestock foot-and-mouth, five a major animal blight control for focus, further improve awareness, and implementation responsibility, and carefully organization, and solid work, ensure spring anti-the target on

31、time, and by quality, and by volume completed. After the meeting, the township (town) also held the work of animal epidemic prevention, work to mobilize deployment, develop a responsibility, in accordance with the focus on immunization, fenpianbaogan, entire villages to promote work requirements and

32、 321 technical work programme. (B) enhanced monitoring, active outbreak warning as of September 20, 2015, have completed all samples submitted tasks, based on pathogen surveillance, following careful analysis of the epidemic in our region, communicate in a timely manner and the villages (towns) of a

33、nimal husbandry and veterinary station, provide guidance to the work of animal epidemic prevention in the autonomous region. Immune prevention work was all over in the spring, is now complete antibody monitoring blood, upcoming testing. (Iii) the implementation of measures to ensure that work is in

34、place to ensure that the prevention and control of major animal diseases into reality, XX district animal husbandry and veterinary Bureau to establish a responsibility system, district-level technicians each association 1 townships (towns), supervision and technical guidance. District village layer Layer signed target responsibility, to improve epidemic prevention Member treatment, spring two