职称英语理工类全真模拟试题2

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1、第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explained B invented C considered D accepted2. He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavy B strong C kind D wild3. It is no use debating the relative merits

2、of this policy.A making B taking C discussing D expecting4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A waste B buy C use D sell5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A function B ability C power D volume6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tensel

3、y B nearly C carefully D closely7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A supported B excited C inspired D directed8. The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys history.A clean B perfect C real D brief9. It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership ca

4、rds at all times.A suggested B warned C stated D confirmed10. The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock.A began B continued C ended D resumed11. Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A sign B substitute C proof D target12. However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk cha

5、nge.A reluctant B eager C pleased D angry13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one. A limit B control C replace D offset14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A deny B investiga

6、te C stress D create15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. A gradually B suddenly C excessively D exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断 (第17题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。M

7、ad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics boffin (科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The p

8、eople were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicis

9、t fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in w

10、hite lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(等式)or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响)test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing s

11、cience. They simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist.This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers mor

12、e attractive. But we must also develop childrens interest in science.In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the

13、 most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small pr

14、oportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.1 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The majority of

15、 physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduatesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in. the futureA RightB WrongC Not mentione

16、d5 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句

17、子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Museums in the Modern WorldMuseums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums

18、 now.At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put

19、on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn be

20、st when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship

21、or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best

22、 advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one should visit, they are places to enjoy.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth a

23、nd leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of

24、 are; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young pe

25、ople in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other times.The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and t

26、o encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the

27、 American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raisin

28、g their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.EXERCISE：1. Paragraph 2_.2. Paragraph 3_.3. Paragraph 4_.4. Paragraph 5_.A Causes of changesB Increasing number of museums and visitorsC Mu

29、seums getting closer to more spectatorsD Movies shown in museumsE New notions about the management of museumsF Places to visit5. Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_.6. With the development of society, people, especially the young people, _.7. To meet the needs of society

30、, more museums_.8. Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they _.A have higher demands of museumsB are open to more people with different social backgroundC to lengthen their opening hoursD charge too little for admissionE have been built and open to public第4部分：阅读理解阅

31、读下面短文，短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will1 in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models s

32、till leaye open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level.At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.Fortunately，if the worst comes to the worst,

33、 scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh

34、 look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global warming. “I use the analogy of methadone,” says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. “If you have a heroin addic

35、t, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin.”Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth; launch trillions of feather-light discs into sp

36、ace, where they would form a vast cloud that would block the suns rays. Its controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earths surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blockin

37、g just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the suns rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxid

38、e by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more.1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks thatA strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.B to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission.C despite the difficulty，s

39、cientists have some options to prevent global warming.D actions suggested by scientists will never be realized.2. Scientists resist talking about their options because they dont want people toA know what they are doing.B feel their efforts are useless.C think the problem has been solved.D see the re

40、al problem.3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.D Methadone an

41、d heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict.4. What is Stephen Schneiders idea of preventing global warming?A To ask governments to take stronger measures;B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.C To apply sunscreen to the Earth.D To decrease greenhouse gases.5. What is NOT true

42、 of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”，according to the last paragraph?A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.B It blocks the incident energy in the suns rays.C It is a controversial method.D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.第二篇A Phone That Knows Youre BusyI

43、ts a modem problem: youre too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so you turn your cellphone off. But if you dont remember to turn it back on when youre less busy, you could miss some important calls. If only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you, you wouldnt have to tur

44、n it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy.A bunch of behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if its a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the system may decide youre too busy

45、 and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system on tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out whic

46、h ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted.The potential busyness signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer wa

47、s in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from highly interTuptible to highly not-interruptible. Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors. I

48、t is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important, says Hudson.The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subj

49、ects judged themselves to be.Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are in

50、evitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers dont care.The first application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. There is no technological roadblock (障碍)to it being deployed in a couple of yea

51、rs, says Hudson.6A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important callsB they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a Cellphone.D they are too busy to make phone calls.7 The behavior sensor

52、 and software system built in a phoneA could help store messages.B could send messages instantly.C could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D could identify important phone calls.8Scientists at Camegie Mellon University tried to find outA why office doors were often left open.B when it was a good

53、 time to turn off the computer.C what questions office workers were bothered with.D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy9During the experiment, the subjects were askedA to control the sensors and the camera.B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C to compare their b

54、ehaviors with others.D to analyze all the indicators of interruption.10 The computer performed better than people in the study becauseA the computer worked harder.B the computer was not busy.C people tended to be biased.D people were not good at statistics.第三篇The Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat come

55、s to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For the people in the northwestern Cameroon, however, the image is very different. For them, lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down

56、 into the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted. A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火山口) lakes. They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes. The

57、 volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake In most crater lakes, these gases are released often because the water turns over reg

58、ularly. That is, the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top, allowing the gases to escape slowly.However, in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, there is no regular turning over. No one knows the reason for this fact, but as a result, these lakes have more gases trapped at th

59、e bottom than other crater lakes. In fact, scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases. When a strong wind, cool weather, a storm, or a landslide (滑坡) causes the water to turn over suddenly, the gases escape in a violent explosion.In the past, no one knew whe

60、n the gases might explode, so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States, France, and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos. They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake, with one end of the p

61、ipe near the bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe, the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer. Now, when the gas pressure gets too high, the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain

62、. With less pressure, a disastrous explosion is much less likely. However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions. They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.To protect people nearby unt

63、il all of the pipes are in place, the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level, computers will set off loud sirens (警报) and bright lights to warn the people in the villages. That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.11What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?A Water will flow down the hills.B Poisonous gases will be released suddenly.C A s