外文文献翻译 中英文对照 基于J2EE的新型软件自动化测试系统

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1、Novel Software Automated Testing System Based on J2EEAbstractSoftware automated testing is one of the critical research subjects in the field ofcomputer application. In this paper a novel design of architecture called automatedtesting system ATS is proposed. Based on techniques relating to J2EE incl

2、udingMVC design pattern Struts framework etc ATS can support any black-box testingbusiness theoretically with relevant APIs programmed using Tcl script languagebeforehand. Moreover as the core of ATS is built in Java it can work in differentenvironments without being re-complied. The efficiency of t

3、he new system isvalidated by plenty of applications in communication industry and the results alsoshow the effectiveness and flexibility of the approach.Key wordsautomated testing system ATS J2EE TclIntroductionSoftware testing is a critical phase within the software lifecycle currently more andmore

4、 companies are paying attention to it. Especially the software automated testingis becoming the most disputed subject in the software industry. Therefore it is now apopular research problem in the computer application research area. The increasedcomplexity of systems as well as short product release

5、 schedules makes the task oftesting challenging. Therefore how to improve the software qualities and how toadvance the testing efficiency are difficult.As a result software testing is the biggest challenging work during the softwarelifecycle especially the software automated testing. Subsequently te

6、st-drivendevelopment is advocated by engineers. At the same time software capabilitymaturity model is put forward for controlling the process of software developmentand for guarantying the software quality but it imposes limited effects on softwareautomated testing. To our knowledge most of the pres

7、ent automated testing tools orproducts concern how to partition cases or how to implement a single target of testingwithout uniform testing system not to mention the distributed and cross-platformtesting functions.However ATS is a black-box testing system based on J2EE theories such as MVCdesign pat

8、tern Struts framework Hibernate persistence layer etc which comprisestwo function modules: one is a front-end module developed in Java script languagethe other is a back-end module the core of ATS developed in pure Javalanguage. Thus the two function modules abide by browser/server model naturally.U

9、nder the strong support of front-end module testers without any prerequisiteknowledge can master it in a short training time. Besides the core of ATS can supportcross-platform execution due to pure Java code and it can support distributedexecution due to the separation of job controller and executio

10、n server. Every testingbusiness is supported theoretically by ATS due to the excellent inherent capability self-defined APIs which can be developed by advanced testing developers quicklywith Tcl script language aiming at different special targets and the APIs is transparentto common testers who work

11、 on the front-end system what they need to do is justfilling suitable data into blanks of web interface according to specific cases.1. Related WorkThe most popular methods about automation test include record-playback functionaldecomposition data-driven and keywords-driven. Record-playback is applie

12、d in GUItest products usually such as Winrunner1 etc. Functional decomposition method isan infant version of data-driven or keywords-driven method which separates datafrom functions and uses data-files to provide both the input and the expected-resultsverification. However tester using this method m

13、ust not only maintain the detail testplan with specific data but also re-enter this data in the various required data-files.Data-driven method records data by a spreadsheet file such as Excel and theexecutions of test scripts depending on various APIs and key data. Keywords-drivenis an advanced data

14、-driven method which uses the actual test case documentdeveloped by the tester using a spreadsheet containing special keywords. In thismethod the entire process is data-driven as well and the keywords control theprocessing. However ATS has strong programming function supported by variousfundamental

15、and businesss APIs and flexible management and control function due tocombining data-driven and keywords-driven methods.In recent years there are many products and architectures surged out. Blackburn forinstance proposed a model-based test automation method called test automationframework TAF which

16、uses an interface-driven approach that combinesrequirements modeling to support automated test-case and test-driver generation. Themodel focuses on how test engineers can develop more reusable models by clarifyingtextual requirements as models in terms of component or system interfaces. Howeverdue t

17、o un-canonical requirement documents and un-strict business control it is verydifficult to extend it to many big software companies not to mention thosemiddle-small companies. Meanwhile the methods based on component test areproposed such as CBSFG etc. Unfortunately they care little about the archit

18、ecture ofautomated testing framework but pay attention to how to generate test cases.iSoftTech2 test automation system and AXE3 automated testing framework areexcellent automation systems but without distributed and cross-platform functions.The dominating commercial products such as Winrunner and Ro

19、bot4 are designedwithout much consideration about compatibility and portability. These traditionaltesting products care little about the operations on cross-platform distributed controland distributed execution capabilities.2. ATS ArchitectureATS is developed according to Struts and MVC design patte

20、rn based on J2EE. Serverend is built on the tomcat server while client end is presented on Web pagesprogrammed in JSP and back-end business logic module is implemented by Javabeans or even enterprise Java beans.The ATS is made up of user interface request handler manager job controller normalrequest

21、 handlers execution server and suite execute layer. The user interface moduleprovides front-end user with convenient operational interfaces to send the usersoperation requests to the request handler manager module. However the requesthandler manager module will not deal with these requests by itself

22、 but just forwardthem to some specific handler or action threads.In fact there are two kinds of user request. One is related to control logic belong totest suite or test job the other is miscellaneous request except from the first class. Allthe requests related to control logic are dealt with by job

23、 controller. To supportdistributed execution job controller and execution server can run on different serversindependently. A job controller can control several execution servers synchronously.And execution server is designed by a finite states machine which can run test suitesqueue in a test job. W

24、hen all these test suites in a job queue is finished the executionserver will notify job controller to change the states of job. Of course the suiteexecute layer is responsible for compiling and executing suites or cases to implementa specific test task which is an execution core of ATS. Meanwhile i

25、t provides aunified testing framework with various APIs for programming test scripts at ease.2.1. Request handler managerThe front-end interfaces of ATS are Web pages. Tester can program test scripts ordrag methods from the basic library programmed in Tcl scripts to form a completeprogram segment. A

26、ll these requests will be dispatched to server. Generally everyrequest from front-end interface has its own handler function in the execution server.If Web browser sends every request to the corresponding handler immediately theWeb browser must store all these relationships between request and handl

27、er functionthat will decrease the flexibility and extensibility of the whole system. To solve thisproblem ATS creates a request handler manager module to store these relationshipsbetween request and handler function.2.2. Job controllerIn ATS there are three kinds of test eventsjob suite and case. Jo

28、b is an integratorof suite queues which can be scheduled and allocated to an appointed executionserver. Suite is an implementing entity which is assigned to suite execute layer byexecution server. Case is an executable scripts designed in accordance with a certainbusiness in Tcl script language.Job

29、controller job executer and suite executer can update or query their files storiedin database respectively through different interfaces. Obviously job controller isresponsible for controlling the states of jobs and assigning jobs to different jobexecuters for distributed execution. So the job contro

30、ller plays a key role in the wholeworking which guarantees the entire system to run smoothly. Generally differentphases have different states. To control all these states well we design a finite statesmachine.2.3. Execution serverJob controller launches a job to execute according to its state. Execu

31、tion serverreceives execution job command and builds a suites queue for it which will call suiteexecute layer to execute these suites in turn. When execution server receives theresults returned from suite execute layer it will check whether the suite queue is null.If not it will notice the next suit

32、e to execute in the suite execute layer. Otherwise theexecution server will inform job controller that all suites belong to the job have beendone.Obviously the suite execute layer is constituted by some executable scripts orcommands to implement the task of a case. These scripts can be designed in T

33、cllanguage in a certain templates which can speed up the rate of testing developmentand guarantee the qualities of testing programs. The other function of the suiteexecute layer is that it provides APIs and external interfaces such as GUI API SocketAPI to support a third tool - Winrunner or QTP. The

34、refore ATS has powerfulflexibility and expansibility.ConclusionsCompared with traditional automated testing tools ATS is a novel softwareautomated testing system applied to a communication company by plenty ofsuccessful test such as GUI test with the help of Winrunner and back-end programtest etc. I

35、t has been regarded as an effective and novel testing system withdistributed function resource management function and strong expansibility.Specially we can design different APIs to implement different testing business andthe scripts of regression test can execute on ATS without revising any command

36、 linebut just revising global input variables. In a sense the ATS is a general automatedtesting framework. 基于J2EE的新型软件自动化测试系统摘要 软件自动化测试是在计算机应用领域的重要研究课题之一。在本文中，提出那些设计新颖的系统为自动测试系统（ATS）。根据有关J2EE技术，包括MVC设计模式，开源软件框架等，自动化测试系统可以使用Tcl脚本语言编程相关的API，在理论上支持任何黑盒测试项目。此外，自动化测试的核心是建立在Java上，它可以在不同的环境中工作，而无需重新构建。通过大量

37、的通信行业中的应用验证新系统的效率和结果，这也表明该方法的有效性和灵活性。关键字 自动化测试系统；J2EE；Tcl简介 软件测试是软件生命周期内的关键阶段，目前受到了越来越多的企业重视。尤其是软件自动化测试在软件产业中正成为最具争议的话题。因此，现在自动化测试软件是在计算机应用研究领域的热门研究话题。测试系统以及短期的产品发布时间表增加了测试的复杂性，使得测试任务更具有挑战性，所以如何提高软件质量和测试的效率变得尤其困难。因此，软件测试最具有挑战性的工作是在软件的生命周期，特别是软件自动化测试期间，这些问题被测试驱动开发工程师所提出。同时，软件性能的成熟度模型，提出了在软件开发的过程中确保软件

38、质量控制，但它对软件自动化测试的效果有限。据我们所知，目前的自动化测试工具或产品最担忧的是如何在不同的情况下实现没有统一的测试系统的测试目标，就更不用说分布式测试和跨平台的测试功能了。 然而，该自动化测试系统是一个基于 J2EE 的 MVC 设计模式、开源软件框架和开源代码巩固层的黑箱测试系统，其中包括两个功能模块：一个是在 Java 脚本语言开发的前端模块，另一种是后端模块纯 Java 语言开发自动化测试系统的核心。这两个功能模块遵循浏览/服务模式，在前端模块的强大功能帮助下，没有任何测试知识的测试人员，也可以在很短的训练时间掌握它。此外，由于是纯 Java 代码编写，自动化测试系统的核心可

39、以支持跨平台的执行，它同样可以支持分布式执行，通过分离作业控制端和执行服务端来实现。理论上每个测试业务都可以支持自动化测试系统，这归功于其优秀的内在功能自定义的 API库，它可以针对不同的特殊目标与 Tcl 脚本语言迅速开发，并且 API 对工作在前端系统的测试人员来说是透明的，他们需要做的只是根据具体情况填充合适的数据到工作测试界面。1. 相关工作 关于自动化测试最常用的方法包括回归测试、功能分块检测、数据驱动和关键字驱动。回归测试通常应用在 GUI 测试产品，如 WinRunner。功能分块检测方式是数据驱动和关键字驱动方式的一种初期样板，从功能不同的数据和使用数据文件提供的输入来和预期的

40、结果对比验证。然而，使用这种方法的测试不仅必须保持详细的测试计划的具体数据，也必须重新输入各种所需的数据到数据文件中。数据驱动的方法是通过电子表格文件记录数据，如 Excel 和依靠各种 API 和关键数据执行的测试脚本。关键字驱动是一种先进的数据驱动的方法，该方法使用实际测试人员开发使用含有特殊关键字的电子表格的测试用例文档。在这种方法中，整个测试过程是数据驱动和关键字控制处理。由此，自动化测试系统在各项基本功能和工程 API 的支持下和结合数据驱动和关键字驱动的方法灵活管理、控制功能，使其具备强大的编程功能。 近年来，有许多自动化测试产品和架构大量涌现。布莱克本提出了一种基于模型的使用接口

41、驱动自动化测试方法称为自动化测试框架（TAF），可以结合需求建模，以支持自动化测试用例和测试驱动程序生成。该模型着重于如何让测试工程师可以开发更多功能明确的可重用的套件模型或系统接口模型。然而，由于联合国的规范要求文档和严格的业务控制，它很难扩大到许多的大型软件公司，更别说那些中小型公司。同时，基于套件的测试方法被提出，如 CBSFG 等。遗憾的是，他们不够关心自动化测试的框架结构，而把大部分注意力放在如何生成测试用例。iSoftTech2 自动化测试系统和 AXE3 自动化测试框架是优秀的自动化系统，但没有分布式和跨平台的功能。WinRunner 和 Robot4 等为主导的商业产品的设计没

42、有太多考虑有关的兼容性和可移植性的问题。这些传统测试产品关心跨平台、分布式控制和分布式执行能力的程度还远远不够。2. 自动化测试系统的构建 自动化测试系统是根据Struts和MVC设计模式且基于J2EE开发的。服务器端建立在Tomcat服务器上，而客户端在JSP编程的网页，后端的业务逻辑模块由JavaBean或企业Java Beans实现。 自动化测试系统由用户界面、请求处理程序管理、作业控制、正常的请求处理程序、执行服务端和套件执行层等组成。用户接口模块提供了方便的操作界面给前端用户发送用户的操作请求到处理程序管理模块。不过，请求处理程序管理模块不处理这些请求本身，而只是转发给一些特定的处理

43、程序或活动线程。 实际应用中存在两种用户的要求。一种属于测试套件或测试工作的相关逻辑控制，另一种是除第一种外的杂项要求。所有有关逻辑控制的要求都由工作控制端处理。为了支持分布式执行，工作控制端和执行服务端可以运行在不同且独立的服务器上。工作控制端可以同步控制多个执行服务端，执行服务端由一个有限状态机设计而成，该状态机可以在测试工作中运行测试套件队列。当完成这些工作队列中的所有套件测试，执行服务端会通知工作控制端，改变工作状态。该套件执行层负责编制和操控某些套件或用例执行一个特定的测试任务，这就是一个自动测试系统的执行核心。同时，它提供了一个统一的测试框架和各种API，方便编程测试脚本。2.1.

44、 请求控制管理 自动化测试系统的前端界面是Web页面，测试人员可以制定测试脚本或从Tcl脚本编程的基本库制定方案，形成一个完整的程序段。所有的这些请求都将被分配到服务端，一般来说，从前端接口发送的每一个请求在执行服务端上都有其自己的处理函数。如果Web浏览器立即发送每一个请求到相应的处理程序，Web浏览器就必须保存所有这些请求和处理函数之间的关系，但这会降低整个系统的灵活性和可扩展性。为了解决这个问题，自动化测试系统创建了一个请求处理程序管理模块保存这些请求和处理函数之间的关系。2.2 工作控制端 在自动化测试系统中有 3 种测试方面作业、套件和用例。作业是一个集成套件队列，可以预定并分配到指定的服务端执行；套件是一个执行实体，它被执行服务端分配到符合的执行层；用例是按照某些业务需求用Tcl脚本语言设计的一个可执行的脚本。 工作控制端、工作执行者和套件执行者可以分别通过不同的接口更新或查询自己保存在数据库中的文件。显然，工作控制端负责控制工作的状态，并为分开的执行程序分配工作给工作执行者。因此，工作控制端在整个工作中起着关键作用，保证了整个系统的顺利运行。一般来说，不同阶段有不同的状态，而要控制所有这些状态，我们就要设计一个有限状态机。2.3 执行服务端 工作控制端根据其状态启动工作来执行，执行服.