On Improving Students’ Spoken English Ability in Middle School英语专业毕业论文

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1、On Improving Students Spoken English Ability in Middle SchoolAbstractEnglish, as a universal language in the world, is becoming more and more important with the development of international politics, economics and cultural communications and co-operations. Especially nowadays in the 21st century, or

2、al communications between nations are becoming more and more common with the quickening of Chinas reform and open door policies and widening of international communications, thus it is very pressing to develop middle school studentsoral English communicative power effectively. From the literature re

3、view, it is necessary for teachers and students to realize the importance of improving spoken English. Through analysing the current situation, it can be concluded that there are two problems. One comes from students, another comes from teachers. According to the problems, the relevant countermeasur

4、es can be raised. One is improving teachersteaching spoken English, it includes stimulating studentsinterest, creating good atmosphere, more encouragement and some practical methods for improving spoken English. Another countermeasures is improving studentsspoken English, it includes imitation of st

5、andard pronunciation, cultivating the interest in English, thinking in English, retelling in English, widening English daily word. Key Words：spoken English ability; improvement;middle school摘 要英语作为当今国际通用语言,其市场价值随着国际政治、经济、文化交流与合作的不断发展与日俱增。在 21 世纪的今天,随着我国改革开放步伐的加快以及国际交流的日益扩大,以口头形式进行国际交流变得越来越重要,特别是近年来我

6、国颁布了中学英语新课程标准,因此,如何有效地培养中学生的英语口语表达能力变得异常紧迫。通过分析国内外现状,得出结论:有两个问题。一个来自学生,另一个来自老师的。针对以上问题,相应的对策。一是提高教师英语口语的教学,它包括激发学生的兴趣,创造良好的气氛,对学生更多的鼓励和一些实用的方法,以达到提高英语口语。另一个对策是提高学生的英语口语,它包括模仿标准发音,培养说英语的兴趣,让学生以英语的思维方式思考,用英语复述,拓宽英语日常词。关键词：英语口语能力；提高；中学Contents. I Introduction.1 1.1 Literature Review.1 1.2 The Importanc

7、e of Improving Spoken English.2 1.2.1 Improve The Chance of Employment.2 1.2.2 Get More Access to Knowledge.2II The Problems of Improving Spoken English in Middle School.2 2.1 The Problems of StudentsLearning Spoken English. 3 2.1.1 Lack of Interest .3 2.1.2 Chinese Spoken Atomosphere.3 2.1.3 Less A

8、ttention to Oral English.32.2 The Problems of TeachersTeaching Spoken English. 4 2.2.1 Lack of Atomosphere.4 2.2.2 Lack of Encouragement.4 2.2.3 Lack of Methods.4 The Countermeasures of Improving TeachersTeaching Spoken English4 3.1 Stimulating StudentsInterest .5 3.2 Creating Good Atmosphere.5 3.2.

9、1 Cultivating Harmonious Atmosphere in Class.5 3.2.2 Establishing Good Relationships between Teachers and Students.63.3 More Encouragement.6 3.4 Practical Methods for Improving Teaching.7 3.3.1 Encouraging Students to Ask Question.7 3.3.2 Minor Debates.8 3.3.3 Role-play.9 3.3.4 English Daily Report.

10、10 The Countermeasures of Improving StudentsSpoken English.10 4.1 Imitation of Standard Pronunciation .11 4.2 Cultivating the Interest in Speaking English.12 4.2.1 English Movies.12 4.2.2 English Songs.12 4.3 Thinking in English.13 4.4 Retelling in English.14 4.5 Widening English Daily Word15V Concl

11、usion.16VI Works Cited.18VII Acknowledgements.19I IntroductionNowadays, its very popular and necessary for common people to learn English in China. In the middle school education, English is an obligatory course and the scores of this course have been considered as an important part in the national

12、entrance examination. Its natural that teachers and students pay more attention to English learning and teaching than ever before, and the average level of English learning has been improved greatly.However, in most cases, the students who can pass quite a few English tests could not express themsel

13、ves well in oral English. They can write English essays, understand what people say in English, and can even read English articles, but they can not communicate with others in English fluently. So the “Dumb English” has become the common problem in English learning. 1.1 Literature ReviewIn Influenci

14、ng Factors of Teching Spoken English ,the famous expert Liu Jinlan metions,“In traditional teaching of spoken English,the students do not bring the subjectivity into full play,the teaching effect is not very idea. 刘金兰. 试论影响英语口语教学效果的相关因素J. 教育实践与研究 2006,(9)” New situation, and the traditional methods

15、of teaching spoken english must be completely changed,intend to improve the oral communication skills of students.In order to achieve the goal,we must recognize the effect of the impact of the oral teaching of the relevant factors, such as the psychological factors,listen,speak, culture and adopt sc

16、ientific and reasonable strategy of teaching.In cultivation of students spoken English ability, the well-known expert Fang Huijuan considers,“The purpose of learnig English is proficient in oral communication. Spoken English, also oral expressing ability is the key factor of influencing oral communi

17、cation. 方惠娟. 学生英语口语能力培养J. 教学与管理：理论版，2002, (8).” Thus, the cultivation of spoken English is universally appreciated. However, the general standard of Middle school studentsspoken English ability remains worrisome. In Second Language Teaching and Learning Nunun, David. believes,“The interest affects e

18、fficiency of improving spoken English. Nunun, David. Second Language Teaching and LearningM. Boston, MA: Heinle and Heinle, 1999.” The results indicate the students who are interested in speaking English can get twice the results with half the effort. To those who are not very interested in speaking

19、 English, they not only wait for the teacher to teach them English passively, but also usually are asked to open their mouths to speak English.1.2 The Importance of Learning Spoken English Nowadays English has become the world language, it is very necessary and important to master English no matter

20、in your life or career, especially spoken English. In todays modern world, learning spoken English has many advantages. English is fast becoming the international language of many fields, including politics, business and education.1.2.1 Improve The Chance of Employment Having a good grasp of spoken

21、English helps you to improve your chances of employment. These days, there are many foreign companies operating from China, and many Chinese-owned companies have trade links with foreign partners. These companies require speakers of English with sufficient language skills to ensure smooth business t

22、ransactions.1.2.2 Get More Access to KnowledgeIf you are good at spoken English, you will have more access to knowledge. For instance, making friends with foreigners because you can communicate freely with them in English, traveling abroad to know more western customs and culture personally, enjoyin

23、g more classic western plays, films and literatures.II The problems of Spoken English in Middle school It is obviously that there are two factors in improving spoken English in Middle school. One comes from students,another comes from teachers.2. 1 The Problems of StudentsImproving Spoken EnglishAlt

24、hough there are some problems affect the studentsimproving spoken English, students should recognize them and take some effective action to overcome these difficulties.2.1.1 Lack of Interest Most students in primary school begin learning English as eager learners. They enjoy learning about animal wo

25、rds, greeting phrases,and almost anything else. But beginning in Middle school, however, learning becomes difficult for some students. So they gradually decrease their interest and even give up learning it.2.1.2 Chinese Spoken AtmosphereIn fact, students are surrounded by the Chinese spoken language

26、 atmosphere, and there is little chance for them to practise their oral English, so they may feel shy to speak English publicly. Even in English corner,most of them are not very active, and what they have learned are some simple English sentences just like “Hello, how are you”, “Whats your name”, “H

27、ow old are you” and so on. Let alone those students who never go to English corner. 2.1.3 Less Attention to Oral EnglishAt present, there are few compulsive examinations of oral English, thus students dont give enough attention to spoken English. Teachers often judge studentsEnglish results through

28、their written examinations. Especially in middle schools, the common purpose of teachers and students is to get high grades to pass the national entrance examination. Nowadays, the pressure of entering the higher education weighs heavily down on shoulders of teachers and students. They pay much atte

29、ntion to the teaching and learning of the English vocabulary, sentence structures, reading comprehension and writing, which are required in the examination. Students also do not want to spend much time on spoken English which they might consider it as wasting their valuable time.2.2 The Problems of

30、Teachers Teaching Spoken English Teachers are the guides of students, the problems of teachers will also affect studentsspoken English.2.2.1 Lack of AtomosphereIn class, it is difficult for students to find suitable words to express themselves.Out of class, they are afraid of making mistakes when th

31、ey want to speak. And usually, they may make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.2.2.2 Lack of EncouragementsDuring practice spoken English, teachers seldom give students confidence and motivation, so students usually hold a negetive attitude in speaking in English.Becau

32、se students need teachersrecognition and respect,its necessary and important that teachers should have the task to encourage students to speak English more both in and out of class.2.2.3 Lack of Methods Needless to say, a teacher has strong influences on his studentsthinking and learning. Students u

33、sually care much about how teachers perform in class. The teacher who can draw more attention of students, and his or her students may imitate his or her language expression mode. Therefore, teachers should grope some new ways to meliorate their teaching, which will do good to stimulate studentsdesi

34、re for learning English. III. The Improvement of TeachersTeaching Spoken English It is natural that teachers play a very important role in English learning. Their jobs are not only to impart knowledge to students, and help students pass examinations, but also to light up studentsways in their learni

35、ng. As the guide of study, the teachers role can affect students deeply. First, they need to upgrade their own spoken English, and second, they should pay more attention to the teaching and learning of spoken English seriously.3.1 Stimulating StudentsInterest It is certain that interest is the best

36、teacher of study. Ding Zhaozhong, who was awarded the Nobel Price in 1976, said “Interest is more important than genius”. Psychologists have drawn the conclusion that the desire for learning is the inside motive of students learning. And interest is the precondition to form the desire for learning.

37、In the five skills in English learning, speaking is usually the poorest for students to learn English in China. It results from the lack of speaking practice and good teaching atmosphere. Students, especially Asian students tend to be reluctant to speak English in class as well as after class. As a

38、foreign language, English is unfamiliar and different to Chinese students. Thus it is important for teachers to encourage and motivate their students to speak English more both in and out of class. 3.2 Creating Good Atmosphere In the five skills in English learning, speaking is usually the poorest f

39、or students to learn English in China. It results from the lack of speaking practice and good teaching atmosphere. Students, especially Asian students tend to be reluctant to speak English in class as well as after class. As a foreign language, English is unfamiliar and different to Chinese students

40、. Thus it is important for teachers to encourage and motivate their students to speak English more both in and out of class.3.2.1 Cultivating Harmonious Atmosphere in Class The efficiency of English learning and teaching is related closely to the atmosphere both in and out of class. Generally speaki

41、ng, there are two factors that may affect students spoken English in class. One is that they fail to find suitable words to express themselves and the other is that they are afraid of making mistakes when they want to speak. Sometimes they may make mistakes when they are speaking because they are sh

42、y and nervous. So the good environment can help students to speak actively and correctly. Teachers should work hard to activate the atmosphere and create suitable environments to erase the studentstension. There are some suggestions as follows.1). Let students speak English sitting in their seats, s

43、o that they will not feel uneasy. 2). Try to arrange the seats of classroom in a circle or in groups, with the students facing each other, not in rows or lines.3). Sometimes students can have their English lessons out of the classroom with such activities as a barbecue, picnic and party. 4). Organiz

44、e English corner at the school and let students talk freely with those who are interested in learning English.It is essential to try to build a good atmosphere that students no longer feel shy, and they will voluntarily raise their hands to ask questions and that they will freely give their own opin

45、ions to express themselves.3.2.2 Establishing Good Relationships between Teachers and Students The good relations between teachers and students are the footstones in English teaching and learning. To students, teachers are instructors and guides in their studies, and also students usually rely on th

46、eir teachers. Teachers should spend more time taking care of their students, observing what students need and accept, and respecting their ideas and choices. In class, teachers should be respectable and responsible so that their teaching and instructing would be appreciated by students. And after cl

47、ass, teachers are always easy- going and considerate to students, and help and care for their students like one special kind of friends in life. The students who trust in their teachers usually can do better in their studies than those who do not like their teachers. 3.3 More Encouragement Its neces

48、sary and important that teachers should have another task to encourage students to speak English more both in and out of class. During learning English, students need teachersrecognition and respect, which will give students more confidence and motivation to do better.After students finish their spe

49、aking in class, teachers should let students feel they have made some progress with a sense of success. It is necessary for teachers to pay more attention to the following. 1). Let students be firm in a gentle way and give them praise whenever they are speaking a little English. 2). Be sincere and l

50、ook for opportunities to let students speak English freely, and never get them shy, frustrated and nervous. 3). Be a kind, sensitive, and approachable person to all the students, and never let a single student out or put him on the spot. 4). Treat all the students with the same attitude, respect the

51、m, and consider their opinions fully. Never embarrass any of them and laugh at them.5). Allow students to have more freedom rather than expect them to conform to the preconceived ideas about how they should behave. Let them have confidence, and wait for them to follow you.Of course, teachers should

52、point out some apparent mistakes in their speaking kindly, for example, some words in wrong pronunciation or some serious grammar mistakes after they finish their speech. 3.3 Practical Methods for Improving Teaching Practice makes perfect. Teachers should ask students to do more practice in the stud

53、entsspoken English learning, and it is very important for teachers to choose the right teaching methods.3.3.1 Encouraging Students to Ask QuestionTeachers usually give students more reading materials and ask them to raise questions about the content with such wh-words as what, when, where, which and

54、 how, then teachers should answer these questions in detail. There is an English material for example:Kobe is an American professor in computer science. He got married a Chinese woman, Ying. Today, they invited a Chinese young couple, Ming and Dandan, to go to the bar Sleepless in Seattle. They drov

55、e up in the big wagon of Kobes. After a couple of drinks, they started to dance. Ying invited Ming, and Kobe had a dance with Dandan.Student: Who is Kobe?Teacher: He is an American professor in Computer Science.Student: What did he do today?Teacher: He invited some friends to a bar.Student: Which ba

56、r did he choose?Teacher: Sleepless.Student: Where is the bar?Teacher: Its in Seattle.Student: How did Ming and Dandan go to the bar?Teacher: They drove Kobes big wagon.Students will be more acquainted with those basic English sentence patterns through doing this kind of practice.3.3.2 Minor DebatesT

57、eachers can divide the whole class into small groups of four or six, and give students several sensitive or hot topics to discuss. Each group gets a different topic and has about fifteen minutes to choose sides, formulate arguments, and hold the debate. Then the groups can change their topics. Some

58、ideal topics are as follows: - Is true love possible on the internet?- Should boys do more duties than girls in class? - Who is more important in a family, mother or father?- Can Chinese and foreigners be married? - What are your opinions about obeying your parents or following your own ideas?These

59、topics are very close to the studentsdaily life, and students will be very active in stating their own opinions. Nobody wants to lose chances in debates, so they can do their best to help their teams win the game.3.3.4 Role-play To stimulate the students interest in learning, Role- play is a suitabl

60、e way, and it needs the good corporation between students and the teachers. This kind of practice can not only draw studentsattention, but also consolidate their knowledge and skills of daily words and expressions.Before the role-play, the teacher can divide students into several groups and help them choose some topics which are interesting and usually new, such topics about something on campuses, at home, on roads or among friends. All these can attract stude