农副产品冷冻物流中心项目1

《农副产品冷冻物流中心项目1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《农副产品冷冻物流中心项目1（14页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、必修一Unit 1ANNES BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. Anne li

2、ved in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would War.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I dont want to

3、 set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June 1944Dear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors

4、 for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here.For example, one evening when it was so warm, I st

5、ayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the window had t

6、o be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. its no pleasure looking

7、through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Your,AnneFriday, 10 July 1942When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place. We closed the door behind us and we were alone. Margot had come faster on her bicycle and already waiting

8、 for us. All the rooms were full of boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The little room was filled with bedclothes. We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. They were tired and lay down on their beds. Bu

9、t Daddy and I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once. The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired. We did sleep in clean beds that night. We hadnt had any warm food to eat all day, but we didnt care. Mummy and Margot were too tired an

10、d worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy.FRIENDSHIP IN HAWAIIEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians who first settled the islands long ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That i

11、s “to be with happiness”. Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community. This is the second most import sign of friendship. It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means “oneness with all people”. To enjoy the land you should not be sel

12、fish. The land is for everyone who lives on it. Today many different people call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities. Each person gives kokua (help) to other people so that all fell stronger. Its believed that the islands can

13、 be a paradise when the people live in peace. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all tho

14、se who live on the islands. Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friends neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek. Visitors to the islands are also give

15、n lies. When they hear aloha, visitors begin to feel at home. Aloha also means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave. It can also mean “our hearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.Unit 2THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of

16、 the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak

17、English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. Look at this kind of example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. Id like to come up to your apartme

18、nt. So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we sp

19、eak at present. Then gradually between about AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider

20、 vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to American. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelli

21、ng happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a ver

22、y large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. during that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning Engli

23、sh in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Beli

24、eve it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear diff

25、erences in the way people speak. When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”, it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighb

26、ouring towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who农副产品冷冻物流中心项目可行性研究报告福建省水手食品有限公司二一一年十月目 录一、项目总论 1、项目概括2、环境评价二、企业基本概况三、项目建设的背景及必要性1、项目建设的背景2、项目建设的必要性3、项目建设的可行性

27、4、可行性研究依据四、项目市场预测五、项目厂址选择六、项目的具体方案设计1、项目建设规模和内容2、项目的目标和任务七、项目工程技术方案八、环境保护、安全1、环境保护2、生产劳动安全 九、项目总投资估算与资金来源1、投资估算2、资金筹措十、项目建设进度十一、项目综合效益评价 1、财务分析的依据、成本费用估算3、盈利能力分析4、不确定分析十二、结论一、项目总论、项目概括（1）项目名称：涵江区农副产品冷冻物流中心建设项目（2）项目建设单位：（3）项目负责人：（4）项目地址：福建省莆田市涵江区（5）项目性质：新建（6）项目建设规模与内容该项目拟征用土地200多亩，建设项目包括新建3万吨冷藏库 ，5千吨

28、速冻库 ，1万吨保鲜库 ，停车场及配套设施，购置进口冷冻设备螺杆式制冷系统（氟利仰），高层自动液压叉车及大型辅助设备等。（7）项目工期： 年 月 年 月。（8）项目总投资及资金筹措：该项目总投资 万元，资金全部为企业自筹，项目分三期建设，第一期计划投资为 万元，其中土建工程 万元，设备采购 万元，流动资金 万元。 2、环境评价项目主要污染物：加工区下脚料、废水及锅炉排放的烟尘。下脚料可作为饲料行业的原料，废水每天排放量约30吨，拟采用物化和生化结合法进行处理；锅炉采用燃油、燃气双用，其烟尘排放符合国家标准。项目不构成对周围环境污染，符合现行环保要求。二、企业基本概况福建省水手食品有限公司座落于

29、莆田市涵江区涵东工业区，公司成立于2002年，注册资金 万元，拥有标准厂房3500m2,职工180人，公司总资产约3200万元，主要从事农、副产品(含水产品)的深加工，以生产冷冻调理食品为主，公司已通过QS、ISO安全体系和管理体系认证，现拥有“好帮厨”、“水旺”、“开慧”三大品牌，近一百多个品种，年产量约10000多吨，其中“好帮厨”牌系列产品为专供酒店餐饮的高端产品，“水旺”牌系列产品为专供、商、超、农贸的中端产品，“开惠”牌系列产品为面向部分消费能力较低地区的低端产品，公司生产的产品以国内销售为主，年销售额1.2亿元，营销网络遍布全国20多个省、市、自治区，产品供不应求。公司一向追求科技

30、创新，以注重营养，提升品质为指导思想，根据市场需求不断开发新产品，2009年，公司引进了国内最先进的双螺旋速冻隧道，解决生产过程产品速冻的“瓶颈”问题，极大提升了生产效率及企业实力，在提高产能的同时也实现了节能减排。在购置先进设备的同时，公司积极引进技术研发及管理人才，不断增强企业的软实力。2010年公司与福建师大福清分校、中国肉联研究所强强联手，走上了一条“产、学、研”为一体的科技兴企发展道路。全国冷冻调理类市场发展空间巨大，然而公司因缺乏自有的生产车间，只能租赁厂房生产，因生产地点偏僻，物流不便，水、电等基础设施配套不全，无法满足正常生产需求，而且生产空间有限，难以实现规模化生产，因此，严

31、重制约了公司的进一步发展，因此本项目的建设将是本公司实现跨越式发展的一个绝佳的机会。本项目建成后，预计年总产量达12096吨，每年总产值达3.05856亿元，将重点启动养殖屠宰分割冷却加工一条龙产业链，最终成为莆田市乃至全省综合性农业产业化加工的龙头企业，带动部份农、渔民共同富裕。三、项目建设的背景及必要性冷链物流市场的未来发展潜力是巨大的，对于冷链各环节相关企业来讲，这是一块相当大的蛋糕据。从04年开始，国家每年的的“一号文件”都会对农副产品物流给予一定的关注，今年中央“一号文件”也同样在提出建设现代农业的问题中明确地讲到“必须强化农村流通基础设施建设，发展现代流通方式和新型流通业态，培育多

32、元化、多层次的市场流通主体，构建开放统一、竞争有序的市场体系。” 并且中央一号文件还明确要求，切实落实鲜活农产品运输绿色通道政策；积极发展以鲜活农产品冷藏和低温仓储、运输为主的冷链物流系统。这无疑对冷链物流市场的发展起到了政策推进作用。1、 项目建设的背景无论是在综合大卖场、超市还是在传统的菜场，购买肉类、乳制品、冷冻的包装食品等一系列需要温度控制来保鲜的产品时，除考虑产品是否是货真价实，质量可靠外，有没有考虑到这些产品是如何从生产厂家配送到零售终端的? 因为非常温产品在整个供应链中的质量保证是非常重要的，再好的产品如果由于运输和储存中的问题而造成的不新鲜，会影响营养和味道变化还是小事，严重的

33、情况会对身体健康产生影响，故可以等同于伪劣商品，但是这背后的供应链往往是广大的消费者所无法了解到的。冷藏和冷冻食品需要一个完整的冷链物流对货物进行全程的温度控制，以确保食品的安全；这包括装卸货物时的封闭环境、储存和运输等等，一个环节都不能少；完整的冷藏食品供应链是食品安全不可或缺元素，因此冷链物流的要求比较高，相应的管理和资金方面的投入也比普通的常温物流要大。莆田冷冻物流起步较晚，发展滞后，存在很多问题，农产品批发市场的环境脏乱差是非常普遍的现象，产品的交易场所、运输过程根本无法满足冷冻的要求。涵江现有的几个冷库普遍存在规模不大、交通不便、不集中、设备老化（用原有嗅氨制冷系统）等现状，由于这些

34、冷库的操作基本为人工+推车搬运，导致效率低、成本高，造成很多商家无法选择在涵江作为物流中心点和货物进出。莆田及周边地区各类资源丰富，特色产业迅速发展，已经形成了畜禽产品、水产品生产基地，其中浙江宁波、台州、福建东山、广东等区域是鱼糜生产基地，莆田是鲍鱼、海参、海藻类采养殖基地，福建龙岩及福州是分割猪肉、鸡肉等原料生产基地。此对整个区域经济的发展作出了巨大的贡献，巨大的农副产品资源必须通过强大和有效的物流体系才能转化为显著的经济效益，从而实现农民增收和区域经济发展。2、项目建设的必要性在涵江发展冷冻物流具有如下优势和现实需求：（1）冷冻产品的生产优势。我市特色优势农副产品资源丰富，但冷冻物流发展

35、的滞后，限制了我市农副产品的流通和出口，农民收入也因此受到很大影响。发展冷冻物流对于我市农业产业结构调整，农民增收，发展现代物流产业，增强食品消费安全，提高居民消费水平等均有重要意义。（2）冷冻物流基地优势。该项目位于涵江五大专业批发市场及客运站附近，交通便利，物流发达，已在建的向莆铁路和福泉高速路莆秀支路及城港大道、涵港大道、荔港大道均贯穿本区域，这对于拉长食品工业产业链，发展冷冻物流配送，做大做强产业集聚，形成特色和优势，均有重要作用。（3）现实需求。随着居民生活水平不断提高，生活节奏的变快，人们对食品的要求以从之前的货真价实，发展成安全、营养、美味、便捷等要求，速冻食品恰恰符合大众生活的

36、要求。居民生鲜食品供应网络体系的形成，迫切需要配套建设生鲜食品配送中心，发展冷冻配送物流。3、项目建设的可行性如上所述，涵江的地理位置、区位优势和市场需求非常适合该项目的建设，本项目可充分利用本区域的农产品和水产品资源，项目建成后将投资开发水产养殖、农牧养殖生猪屠宰冷却肉加工及利用，带动当地农业结构调整，完善产业结构，从而提高当地农业生产的收益，为农民增收。在政策支持上，国家及福建省出台若干文件，明确提出要通过农产品市场的建设，完善大中城市、主要农产品产区及集散地的各项管理系统建设和储藏，运销，物流配送等基础设施，提升市场的功能和档次，支持建设跨区域大型配送中心；逐步形成布局合理、功能完备、安

37、全卫生、机制健全、信息灵敏、交易先进、运行规范、统一高效、竞争有序、现代化的农产品市场体系。4、可行性研究依据（1）福建省水产业“十二五”计划和2011年规划；（2）福建省关于农业产业化龙头企业和九大特色农产品的相关政策；（3）“福建省沿海资源可持续开发项目”建议书。四、项目市场预测1、项目建成投产前期，每年肉制品产量将达4320吨、鱼糜制品3888吨、米面制品1728吨，海参648吨、鲍鱼648吨、海藻864（干）吨。项目建成顺利运行后，公司计划改变原依靠外地采购的分割猪肉、鸭肉、鸡肉等原料，转变为公司养殖或“公司+农户”养殖方式，引进先进的屠宰流水线设备，对生猪进行屠宰分割冷却加工，巩固传

38、统的肉松、肉脯、肉丸加工优势，重点发展水产品，积极发展营养方便的精装系列、可微波加热的中式熟食制品和酒店专供系列产品。本项目的落实能有效稳定原料的采购和品质的保障，给产品注入了竞争力，有望销量达5亿元以上，将给当地政府带来 3250 万的税收，同时带动了区域第三产业的发展。2、莆田地区海岸线长，渔业资源丰富，分布范围广，发展水产品加工具有得天独厚的优势，大宗水产品主要有低值鱼类、海带、紫菜、鲍鱼、海参等优质、健康的原料资源。公司后期将引进先进的加工技术和设备，重点开发高附加值的精深加工产品，生产原汁原味、健康的鱼制品。3、公司为了提高品牌知名度和产品的多元化，项目建成后：1、将增加商超销售渠道

39、，2、各省、市建立配送中心，将区域农贸、商超、酒店统计并分解到小区域业务员作为年度销量指标，公司加强宣传和广告投入吸引更多的顾客，以高品质、安全、美味、便捷赢得市场，同时给当地的各产业链带来商机，对公司未来的发展注入活力，争创食品行业的特色品牌。五、项目厂址选择项目厂址选在莆田市涵江区食品工业内，其各项基础设施完备。厂区周围区域无明显的烟雾、尘土、粉尘、刺鼻气味的污染源，同时空中污染物也属考虑的对象。六、项目的具体方案设计1、项目建设规模和内容（1）总平面布置（2）建设方案本项目参照GMP标准，依据ISO9001和22000要求的建设，邀请专家进行设计，布局遵循国际标准，按生产流程，将相似的生

40、产工程归类同一车间，本项目完成以下工程及设备：完成厂房工程完成冷库工程完成综合楼工程添置生产设备添置办公设备添置化验设备2、项目的目标和任务（1）项目的目标第一期项目建成后，合计年总产量达12096吨/年、总产值达3.05856亿元/年，重点启动养殖屠宰分割冷却加工一条龙产业链，最终成为莆田市乃至全省综合性农业产业化加工的龙头企业，带动部份农、渔民共同富裕。（2）项目的任务立足农副产品、水产品深加工，公司主营产品鱼糜制品的改良已提上议程，可以在一定程度上提高我省水产加工品的市场竞争力，进一步加强与广大渔农及专业种、养殖户建立起产、销合作共同体。公司将依托现有的销售网络和品牌优势拓展国内、外市场

41、，不断开发适应市场需求的安全、健康、方便的食品来满足消费者的需求。建设以肉制品系列深加工生产线；建设以鱼糜制品系列产品深加工生产线；拟建设以米面制品深加工生产线；拟扩建水产品深加工生产线，并可根据国内市场的需求进行水产品的初级加工；拟建设屠宰家禽深加工生产线（与秀屿区亿生农牧基地合作）；拟建设水产和农牧养殖基地；七、项目工程技术方案建立项目管理小组，并制定ISO9001和22000实施计划，加强产品质量监控，确保每种产品的质量达到食品行业要求，使整个生产过程达到标准化和规范化。八、环境保护、安全本项目投产后的主要污染物有：废水和锅炉排放的烟尘、废气。其中：废水每天（含生活）0吨，已配备相应的环

42、保设施，拟采用物化与生化结合法进行处理，具体实施时由当时环保执法部门审核、监督和验收，符合现行的环保要求，不会构成污染。烟尘产生的锅炉规划在厂房布局中的下风处，使用的锅炉符合国家规定的环保指标，其原料采用柴油和液化气二种能源，不会对周围环境构成污染。1、环境保护：(1)本项目建设投产后，整个生产过程不使用也不排放有毒物质，废水、废气拟采用物化和生化结合进行处理。(2)锅炉采用燃油、燃气双用，其排放符合国家标准。(3)生产线没有大型振动设备，没有强电磁波源，设备运转的噪音，保证符合国家有关规定，不会造成任何环境污染。2、生产劳动安全：(1)本项目在生产过程中不使用易燃、易爆及强碱、有毒有害物质。

43、(2)在设备转动机械上设置安全护罩，电线、零线重复接地。(3)上岗工人必须经过技术培训和安全教育，制定各岗位操作规程及岗位责任制度，避免人为造成的机械事故和安全事故，加强防火工作，按防火规范的要求配备消防器材，防止火灾发生。九、项目总投资估算与资金来源1、投资估算本项目计划总投资8500万元，其中前期土建工程1655.00万元，加工生产设备775 万元，办公设备80万元，化验设备200万元，其他设备90万元，详见表2，流动资金1300万元。自筹资金2100万元（不含原投入3200万元），贷款2000万元。其中：（1）土建工程完成厂房工程：约9000M2，造价约1080.00万元，综合楼工程：1

44、000M2，造价约128.00万元,冷库工程: 4063.63 M3，造价约447.000万元。（2）设备（见表4-14-2）加工生产设备计775万元实验化验设备计200万元办公设备计80万元其他设备计 90 万元2、资金筹措为推进项目顺利进行，避免出现由于资金不到位而造成工程开工困难，工程进度跟上不等情况，进而影响企业信誉和经济效益，我司计划从以下几个方面筹措资金：（1）自筹。通过自有资金及项目合作商家筹措资 万元，作为项目的周转资金，以保证工程项目顺利施工。（2）银行贷款。向银行抵押贷款 万元，作为工程项目的重要资金来源，正确利用信贷资金经营是现代企业解决发展问题的经营之道。十、项目建设进

45、度本项目自 2011 年初开始，计划于 2013 年底建成，具体进度如下：（1） 2011 年 5 月底开始土建工程施工，（2） 2012 年 3 月2013年 12月完成设备采购及安装调试，建设期三年。十一、项目综合效益评价 1、财务分析的依据(1)项目计算期及生产负荷该项目计算期为3年，其中建设期为3年。 (2)本项目投产后，所有产品全部出售。产品正常年份销售收入见表6 表6：产品品名销售单价(万元)销售量（吨）销售额（万元）肉制品加工系列1.2043205184.00鱼制品加工系列1.2038884665.60米面加工系列1.217282073.60水产品加工系列8.6421601866

46、2.40合计30585.60(3)税金及利润该项目所得税税率为17%，产品销售税金及附加（含增值税）以销售收入6.5%提取。、成本费用估算(1)成本费用估算基本数据（见表7）1、原材料、辅助材料：按不同品种计（见表7）2、包装费：按不同品种计（见表7）3、人员工资及福利平均15千元/年人计。4、燃料单位950元/吨。5、电费按0.85元/度，水费按3.00元/吨（水电费见表6）。6、车费按300元/吨计。7、年限提取折旧：建筑物折旧年限为40年，机器设备折旧年限为10年。成本费用的估算（有项目）表7金额单位：万元序号单位鱼制品加工系列肉制品加工系列米面制品加工系列水产品加工系列消耗定额单价金额

47、消耗定额单价金额消耗定额单价金额消耗定额单价金额1原材料吨1959.552177.28870.917838.212辅助材料吨653.18725.76290.302612.733水电费吨195.96199.5894.35849.154燃料吨163.30190.1672.58718.505包装物吨179.63217.7379.83653.186车费吨114.30118.2943.55391.917合计3265.923628.801451.5213063.683、盈利能力分析（1）根据损益表计算投资利润率及投资利税率如下：投资利润率29056320/85000000100%0.3418100%34.

48、18%;投资利税率48936960/85000000100%0.5757100%57.57%（3）主要财务评价指标（见表8）4、不确定分析（1）盈亏平衡分析预计正常年份固定成本为58127932.80元，单位变动成本为16018.50元，据此数据计算盈亏平衡点如下：BEP（盈亏平衡点）=58127932.80/（25285.71-16018.50）=6272.43吨BED（生产能力利用率）6272.43/12096100%= 0.5185100%51.85%该项目只要达到设计规模的51.85%，企业就可保本，因此项目风险较小。主要财务评价指标表：8序号指标类别单位指标值1增量总投资万元4100

49、.001.1固定资产总投资万元2800.001.2流动资金万元1300.002年新增产量吨2096003年新增销售收入万元18585.604年新增经营成本万元15911.915年新增销售税金及附加万元1068.676年新增利润总额万元1905.057年新增所得税万元139.398投资利润率%42.509投资利税率%75.0010全部投资内部收益率%25.8611财务净现值（i24%）万元1025.6812投资回收期年8十二、结论1、本项目属农副产品、水产品深加工，符合国家、福建省及莆田市的产业政策。2、项目建设布局和选点是合理的。 3、项目建设目标、任务明确，理由充分、投资方向正确。 4、项目

50、建设方案、机构设置和人员配备是实事求是和合理。 5、项目投资估算合理，资金筹措有保障，偿还能力强。6、项目的经济效益和社会效益良好。 必修一Unit 1ANNES BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Ann

51、e Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would War.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that

52、 time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June 1944D

53、ear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed

54、since I was here.For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk whe

55、n the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty c

56、urtains hanging before very dusty windows. its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Your,AnneFriday, 10 July 1942When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place. We closed the door behind us and we we

57、re alone. Margot had come faster on her bicycle and already waiting for us. All the rooms were full of boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The little room was filled with bedclothes. We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Mummy and Margot we

58、re not able to help. They were tired and lay down on their beds. But Daddy and I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once. The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired. We did sleep in clean beds that night. We hadnt had any warm food to

59、 eat all day, but we didnt care. Mummy and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy.FRIENDSHIP IN HAWAIIEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians who first set

60、tled the islands long ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That is “to be with happiness”. Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community. This is the second most import sign of friendship. It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means

61、 “oneness with all people”. To enjoy the land you should not be selfish. The land is for everyone who lives on it. Today many different people call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities. Each person gives kokua (help) to other

62、people so that all fell stronger. Its believed that the islands can be a paradise when the people live in peace. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when people of Hawa

63、ii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all those who live on the islands. Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friends neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek