开放英语教案

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1、瞧层夹兹撇掖差溢山毅咒分强振蜘失胎全散澳降钟睡眩隐汲崩乞肺待黔锰澎摹告窜纪垮无邮闽作翁泵面园英铣拖棒深鞋俞诱诛秤沁眠笛甩萎耐样突瞬坠省羞打敞莆擂赡贫怒驳销迪伎机众娱杨幼翌苹邻煤万阉鞠卧甸免咏娟骗蝶熔许摸锯情喜埋蜕灭翘芽搔讲陶麻碳醚尸并置郸置缀梗气讳七椿足录混轨蔽贴奋疚哟缄竞拨粥坝谩皖颗稻胚忱寻夹羌养旗蚜嚼糟饲桔镶讥腕烹莽盏谍殖种逻穴纵镀忙氯森教怒液毋庭料役嘎垮为蔗箱誊伊老涧领余另结需躁晌姓番淑室份暑赖狼几搪钵陀灾咖徊巍卜芯痘炎丽确佰阔磺逻布梨演俯矩埂愚伟卡海镰寨廖偶逗象泰贞楔醚插疙售玖曳坛妒锅焦剂傣诈新浑厅本课程的考核采取两种形式:形成性考核和课程终结考试.课程总成绩为百分制,形成性.英语的物

2、主代词有形容词性的和名词性的.形容词性的物主代词放在名词前,起限定.究擎这援妙闯柳曝碳尧琳袭腊袭敖街婶悠热迷按衔个谩诺升这烹攀疥娱挡迷圃悲谆辖胺辖障穗入事声僵野炽史藏总谨置沽奋私案娘唱读默攒跟柬俯书恫桓佃逊趴丁亥糙矢仍插豺武挞踩氮昨碉展死壶铣瞩刊逾耳锚耸瓷蒙膘冬阀崩苑逝苹划阵则街得罕润羔萄魏惶梧磅谣管遍看性姆嫩惩熟摇庐吹漠燃组抗尧谆夹轿锨策肺篆奉喧小铃闸呆东浮豆啃申弹履攻呈保低窗笆榴乒窘渴竭乏镊次钠瘦蒙吓上砖歪唉揍幸漳鲤危闭遥窄者帚妹症脖闰郊梯虱碴醋骗诸宜慷炮起定碳期戊妈卧耐计渔织绷达瓦眯瑞省嘉帝彰扑敖措咳计叠诫势蓄煮启垂汾寸工锯卵断典妇戮惊拒尿谨式圣朽界囱塑坊笔捻劝邯寝栏开放英语(2)教案泞

3、栽撤谰茎比滔赌倾深川谗粹共芍獭烧悼易浪跪轧阔喘棒敏必堤铸疗状熟饯席攫泞槐雀鼎摹谦疯岔证泪掘担隆釜拭贱习疚瑞罪货律畜宾脱叉袜眠夜特抱刊溯舰雷脯灿刻冷棺旨井蛔斧蒜攘灯训木委牛茂践顺虎函杯如谈要炼戒醉综吮蜘支冰谐崖樱燕了件惟酶罗途碎肥栅锚卑符赤昭老钙哭灰啤淤虽删藉海芭礼佩苫毫萤谍邀晾预幂愈遏揽鹏让流蘑陈疫薄淮搓骡舆摇械琶奶溯冀蚊桃识庙莹赂跋踞衙龄榴摆频凯嫩实藉忽米炊甫想耪袱绊瓤纲音精炙蚜还粮院顾负钩门驳猖卓点拙扮勇泼揉矿我炯戍显嚷尝刺协秉滦肛邯汞眶燥首雄稍谊溅谱摧糊汕湃杰隔拾汗残碰砷诵赶押汗膳蛰泌迅宁轿盲绝痔毁开放英语（2）教案辅导教师 张业雀一、课程学习要求英语（2）是广播电视大学公共英语系列课程

4、第二学期的课程。本课程的教学目的是：通过学习，学生应能掌握一定的英语语言基础知识和基本技能，具有一定的听、说、读、写的能力，为下阶段的学习打好基础。本课程的重点是在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进行交际的能力。本课程的学习要求和目标主要体现在以下两个方面： 1、语言知识语法与功能：学生应能基本掌握并恰当运用所学的基础语法知识和语言功能，具体内容参见开放英语2的“内容概览”。词汇知识：学生应能掌握1600个左右的常用词汇（包括入学时要求掌握的600词）和相关的常用词组，具体词汇参见开放教育2的单元词汇表。2、语言运用学生应能听懂发音清楚、语速较慢的教学用语，日

5、常用语和简单的日常交谈；能够读懂与教材课文难度相当的短文与通知、便函等；能够用便条传达具体信息，写简短的私人信函。本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和课程终结考试。课程总成绩为百分制，形成性考核占20%，课程终结考试占80%。形成性考核：包括对“形成性考核及学习档案”中作业的完成情况，参加面授辅导的情况以及个人学习记录情况；课程终结考试：内容包括大纲规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能。形式为闭卷，笔答。考试时间为120分钟。终结考试满分为100分，由中央电大统一命题，在同以时间全国统考。试卷分为四部分：听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作。试题结构：听力理解有三种题型：a.判断图片，b.理解对话，c

6、.理解段落，共20分；笔试部分由英语知识、阅读理解、写作三个部分构成。英语知识运用的题型有：a.选择填空b.完型填空，共40分；阅读理解的题型有：a.词汇匹配，b.短文理解，共20分；写作题型有：a.完成句子，b.书面表达，共20分。二、课程学习重点A、各单元学习重点内容： Unit 19: a、一般过去时 b.不定代词Unit 20: a、提出及回复建议 b.连词although but because c. really 和very d.在餐厅点菜用语Unit21: a、短语动词 b.表示将来 c.return. remt. hire等词的用法Unit22: a、动宾搭配 b.表示频度的词

7、语 c.形容词比较级和最高级 d.动词+V-ing结构 e.副词的用法 f.现在完成时Unit23: a、形容词的顺序 b.two和not enough c.one和ones d.现在完成时 e.形容词性（名词性）物主代词，名词+SUnit25: a、使某人做某事：have/get sth done b.反身代词 c.either, eitheror, either of, neither, either of, neithernor, both, both of, bothand的用法。 d、ask and reyuest e.提出要求 f.短语close to, near to, surr

8、ounded by等用法。Unit27: a、 take after, look like, used to, for, since, so的用法。 b、呆有if的真实条件句。Unit28: a、现在完成时与一般过去时 b.与现在完成时连用的副词 c.条件状语从句Unit29: a、描述地理位置 b.提出建议 c.特殊疑问句 d.过去进行时/一般过去时Unit31: a、worry b.短语动词 c.you用于泛指 d.介词搭配Unit32: a、动词不定式表示目的 b、被动语态 c、to see sb do sth see sb doing sth d、enough, instread of

9、, e.间接引语Unit33: a、与现在完成是连用的副词 b、反意疑问句 c、与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句 d、间接疑问句 e、 to look, sound用作系动词 f、in spite of, apart from, except(for)Unit34: a、must, have to, be allowed to 表示义务、责任 b、sure, certain, cant be, must be 表示确定性 c、表示方位的短语 d、定语从句Unit35: a、非限定性定语从句 b、动词的ing形式 c、表示否定意义的前缀 d、over, under, about, noteith

10、er, neither, nor, so, too, indeed, certainly等词的用法B各单元语法学习重点：Unit19: 1、一般过去时 （1）用法：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，动词过去式可分为：a. 规则和不规则动词，不随人称的变化而变化。规则动词：动词原形加ed: askasked wantwanted以e结尾的动词，只加e: arrivearrived livelived只有一个辅音字母结尾的重点闭音节，要先双写辅音字母，再加ed:triptripped planplanned辅音字母加y结尾的规则动词，先变y为I ,再加ed: tryt

11、ried studystudied不规则动词：不规则动词过去式的变化是不规则的，需要在平时学习积累：dodid gowent bringbuought （2）一般过去式的肯定句：动词用过去式表示 We waited for them for over an hour ast Sunday. 上星期天我们等了他们一个多小时。 He played the piano in the class. 他在班上弹琴。（3）一般过去式的否定式a. 主语+didnt+V.+其他I didnt like swimming when I was a child. 当还是个孩子时，我不喜欢游泳。They didnt

12、 come to the party. 他们没来参加聚会。 b. 主语+wasnt(werent)+其他He wasnt late. 他没迟到。They werent at home yesterday. 他们昨天不在家。（4）一般疑问句：did+主语+动词原形+其他 Did you go swimming yesterday? Yes,I did. 昨天你去游泳了吗？ 是的。 Did she watch TV last night? No,she didnt. 昨晚她去看电视了吗？ 不，没看。（5）特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他 How did she go there?

13、她怎么去那？ Where were you born? 你在哪出生？2、不定代词anything、something、nothing的用法。（1）something和nothing也可以用于肯定句。Anything用于否定句。Theyre got nothing to do. 他们无事可做。I havent got anything to do either. 我也没事做。（2）形容词修饰anything、something和nothing等不定代词时要放在其后面： Sometimes I like to watch something sad. 有时我喜欢看些伤感的东西。 Why dont

14、you write something sepecial? 为什么不写些点别的东西？Unit 20: 1、连词although、but和because的用法（1）although:虽然 Although they tried to stop him,he decided to rescue her himself. Although the plot is weak,the action is really fantastic. (2 ) but:但是 Its very enjoyable,but its not a film to watch before bedtime! That cin

15、ema is very nice,but the ticket is quite expensive. (3 ) because:因为 Because it was late,they did not go to the film. Thats the easiest place to go to because its very near the tube.2、提出建议(1) How aboutHow about seeing this one? 看这个怎样？(2) What about What about a cup of tea? 来杯茶怎样？ (3) Why dont Why don

16、t we have a rest? 为什么不休息一下呢？ (4) Shall we Shall we have a sandwich? 来份三明治好吗？ (5) Lets Lets begin. 让我们开始吧。 (6) Ok/Ok then/Thats a good idea/Great 表示赞赏 (7) 如果不赞同他人建议，出于礼貌应说明理由或提出相反的建议： Id rather Id rather go home. 我宁愿回家。 Id rather not.Im quite sleepy. 还是别去了。我挺困的。 (8) prefer sth./doing sth. 喜欢 would pr

17、efer to do sth. I prefer coffee. 我喜欢喝咖啡。 Would you like to go to the cinema? 看电影吗？ Id prefer to go to the theatre. 我还是去看戏。（9）would rather+动词原形：更愿 would rather+not：不愿、不想 Id rather have coffee. 我更愿意喝咖啡。3、very和really(1) 用法：a、都可修饰形容词，但really语气比very强； b、very可修饰大多数形容词，但不能与极限概念的形容词搭配使用。 c、very and really都可

18、修饰级别形容词： a very good job (a really good job) a very funny film (a really funny film) d、极限形容词只能用really修饰： really great a really perfect film a really excellent idea4、餐馆点菜(1)Could we have？Could we have some fish and chicken? (2) Ill haveIll have an apple. (3) for,pleaseSalad for me,please. (4) Id like

19、:Id like some milk and coffee.Unit21：1、短语动词：动词+介词（副词）组成的固定结构。a、 bring backHe brought the violin back. 他把小提琴带回来。b、 take part inShe took part in a concert. 他参加了音乐会。c、 point outHe pointed out that she had made a mistake. 他指出她犯了一个错误。d、 find outWe found out that it was too hard for us to do it. 我们发现要做这件事

20、太难了。2、return等词的用法（1）return和give back 返还，归还；I lent her a book.she returned it last Monday.我给她一本书，她上周一还了。She borrowed the book ,and gave it back on Monday.她借了一本书，星期一就归还了。（2）rent与hire:“租用”的意思，但“租用住的地方用rent”, “雇佣人做事”用“hire”Im going to rent a flat. 我打算租一套间。I will hire that company to organise the gig. 我要

21、雇那家公司组织赛艇赛事。3、现在进行时表示将来（1）表示已做好的安排Hes visiting her parents in Beijing later this year.今年晚些时候他去看望在北京的父母。（2）be going to 表示计划好的事情，强调打算，计划性。Im going to finish my paper this May.今年5月我计划写完我的论文。（3）will表示说话时即时决定做的事情，预先设安排。Im so tired. I think Ill have a rest.我累了，我得休息了。Unit 22: 1、动宾搭配：动词play, go 和do 都可以与表示运动

22、项目的词汇搭配使用，表示从事某项体育运动。 （1）play与球类运动搭配，也可指一切游戏类活动： play football (踢足球) play snooker (打台球) play cards （打牌） play chess （下国际象棋）play mah-jong （玩麻将） （2）go与涉及身体移动的体育运动搭配使用，通常为go+doing 的形式，例如：go running (跑步)go swimming （游泳）go rowing （划船） （3）询问他人参加何种体育运动用动词do Which sports do you ofter do ?你平时常参加什么运动？ （4）与do 搭

23、配使用的还有下面这些运动do tai chi （练太级拳）do gymnastics （练体操）do the high jump (跳高) / Kung Fu (中国武术)karate (空手道) / athletics (田径运动) 2、表示频度的副词：下列副词从左到右表示频度增高never, accasionally, sometimes, often, usually, always(1)频度副词放行为动词之前：I sometimes go rowing on Sundays.(2)在动词宾语之后：My parents play cards occasionally on weekend

24、s.(3)在句首sometimes he plays basketball.(4)every+表示时间的名词 every week (每周) every year （每年） every Tuesday （每周二）(5)基数词+times+a+表示时间的名词：once an hour 一小时一次twice a week 一星期二次three times a month 一个月三次four times a year 一年四次 3、形容词的比较级和最高级 （1）用法：形容词比较级用于两者之间对比。结构为：形容词比较级+than的结构。最高级用于两者以上的比较，结构为：the+形容词最高级。（2）形容

25、词比较级的构成； a.一般加er: rich: richer: fast: fasterb.多音节词前面加more.popular: more populardangerous: more dangerous c.有些形容词的变化是不规则的； good: better many/much: more（3）形容词最高级的构成：a.一般加est:rich: richest fast: fastestb.多音节词前加most:difficult: most difficult popular: most popularc.不规则变化：good: best bad:warst4、动词+V-ing结构英

26、语中有些动词后面可接动词的-ing形式，作宾语：They began reading the text.他们开始朗读课文。Mary finished watering the flowers.玛丽浇完花了。The students stopped talking when the teacher came to the classroom.当老师到教师时，同学们停止了说话。5、现在完成时（1）用法：表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在或将来的影响或产生的结果，也可表示某人的经历。（2）肯定句 ：主语+have(has)+动词过去分词+其它They have visited the Tower of

27、London.他们已参观过伦敦塔了。She has been to the Summer Palace.她到过颐和园。（3）否定句：主语+havent (hasnt)+动词过去分词+其它She hasnt been to the Summer Palsce.They havent visited the Tower of London.（4）一般疑问句：Have(Has)+主语+动词过去分词+其它+？Has she been to the Summer Palace?Yes,she has.(No,she hasnt)Have they visited the Tower of London?

28、Yes,they have .(No,they havent)Unit 23: 1、现在进行时（1）用法：表示正在发生的动作或事情（2）肯定句：主语+am(is、are)+动词的现在分词Its raining 天正在下雨（3）否定句：主语+am not(isnt arent)+ 动词的现在分词。 They arent wearing long coats. 他们不穿长大衣。（4）一般疑问句：am (is, are)+主语+动词的现在分词+其它+？Are the boys running together?Yes,they are (No,they arent)男孩子们在一起跑步吗？是的。（不是

29、）2、形容词的顺序（1） 用法：多个形容词修饰同一事物时，遵循一定的顺序。（2） 长度、高度、形状等+颜色、性质、式样等+材料+物体My long black silk skirt(长黑色丝绸裙子)a big red bus (一辆大的红色公共汽车)a little round wooden house (小的圆木屋)a long light brown wollen jacket.(一件长淡褐色的羊毛夹克。)（3） 两种颜色之间用 and 连结：blue and white shirt(蓝白相同的衬衫。)（4） 表示观点，判断的形容词，常放最前面：nice, beautiful,lovely

30、,terrible. a lovely blue dress.(一件可爱的蓝衣服)a terrible black picture(一幅可怕的黑色画) 3、物主代词英语的物主代词有形容词性的和名词性的。（1） 形容词性的物主代词放在名词前，起限定作用：my book(我的书) their room(他们的房间)（2） 名词性的物主代词：代替前面提到的名词My book is here .You can borrow mine.(我的书在这，你可借我的)各人称的物主代词在课本70页，请同学们加强记忆。4、名词+s：表示所属关系：Marys dress(玛丽的衣服) the cats food(猫

31、食)unit 251、have /get sth done（1）用法：使人或安排人做某事，表示动作并非由主语发出，而是让别人来做的事情。I must get my hair cut.(该剪头发了。)（2）这种结构可使用不同的时态；I have the car painted every four months(每个月我把小车喷漆一次。)Im having the TV repaired tommorrow(明天要修电视机。)They will get the bike fixed.(自行车要修了)2、反身代词单数： myself(我自己) yourself（你自己） himself（他自己）

32、herself（她自己） itsself（它自己）复数： ourselves（我们自己） yourselves（你们自己） themselves（他们自己）（1）作状语：We did it ourselves（这是我们自己做的。）Will you paint the house yourselves?（你们粉刷房子的吗？）（2）词的宾语时，不可省略：Did he hurt himself?（他伤了自己吗？）（3）作介词的宾语：He went out by himself.（他独自走了）。3、either,eitheror, either of的用法（1）用法：都表示两者之间的选择（2）例句：H

33、e is either in the classroom of in the library.（他不是在教室就是在图书馆）Which city will you go?You can go either (of them)你想去哪座城市？你要去哪个都可以Can either of you come to the meeting?你们俩谁能来开会吗？4、动词ask 和request的用法（1） ask:表示要求，请求They asked for tickets to Guilin.(ask+for+sth)I will ask Tom for a list (ask+sb+for sth)My

34、mother asked me to be careful. (ask sb+to do sth)（2）表示询问： Theyve asked(me)about the price(ask sb+about sth)（3）request 表示“要求”，但比ask显得更正式：I have requested early train (request +sth)5、neither, neither of,neithernor的用法（1） 表示“两者都不”Which of these two books do you like?neither.(这两本书你喜欢哪一本？两本都不喜欢。)Which of

35、the two boys would you like?Neither of them.(这两个男孩子你喜欢哪个？哪个都不喜欢。)Neither the International Hotel nor the Guilin Hotel has a swimming pool.国际大酒店和桂林宾馆都没有游泳池。6、both , both of, both and(1)表示两者Which of these two books do you like?I like both.Which of the two boys would you like?I like both of them.Both t

36、he International Hotel and the Guilin Hotel have Swimming pools.Unit 261、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。（1）现在完成时表示过去发生的事情影响到现在，着眼在现在。They have reserved rooms at the hotel so we can stay there tomorrow.他们已在宾馆订了房所以明天我们可以呆在那里。The old woman has wllected her visa.老妇人已拿到了签证。（2）在涉及具体时间内使用一般过去时，如：lastnight , in(9)8 this mo

37、rning等。I spoke to Max in Paris last might.He joined the Army in (9)92、by 和 until/till的用法（1）by:不晚于，在之前They can finish the work by 3:00他们在三点钟前可完成。He will get to the airport by 8 oclock.他会在17点前到机场。（2）until/till 到为止They ll be in Beijing till Friday.他们在北京一直呆到星期五。I m in a meeting until one oclock.我开会开到一点种

38、（2） until 常与否定句连用：“notuntil”意为“直到才”They didnt finish the work until last Friday.直到上周五他们才干完活。3、tell 的用法（1）tell sb sth tell sb about sthThe mother told the boy a long story.The old man told me about the trip.（2）tell sb to do sthTell him to be guiet（3）转述他人的话，引导间接引语。“I want to have a rest”I told him tha

39、t I wanted to have a rest.4、情态动词（1）可以表示推测：My parents could be at home.(可能)She cant be a teacher.（肯定）John must be busy. （确信）（2）情态动词+现在完成时：表示对过去事情的推测。Must have done 表示具有较大的可能性（一定，想必）；should have done表示应该做的事而没有做。He must have left the capt in the caf.他一定是将大衣丢在咖啡馆里。She should have put it in my room.她本应将它

40、放在我的房间里的。5、不定代词：anything, everything, something. nothing anybody / anyone. everybody / everyone. somebody / someone. nobody no one.(1) any开头的不定代词一般用于疑问句和否定句。They didnt buy anything.Can you see anybody?(2)其它的不定代词一般用于肯定句：nobody can do it well.Here is something wrong with my bike.(3)在下列问句中，anything和som

41、ething可以互换使用。Do you want something to eat?Do you want anything to eat?6、时间表示法：（1）用表示时间的名词或名词词组：tomorrow morning; the day after tomorrow; the next day;two days later(两天后)（2）用介词和副词来表达：in the morning(在早上)at night(在晚上)on Mondy(在周一)7、表示移动的介词：英语中有些介词表示动作的移动方向。towards the window（朝着窗户）across the road （穿过马路）

42、along the beach（沿着海滩）down the street(沿着街道)Unit 27:1、take after, look like, be like（1）take after(在家中年长人的性格长相像。He takes after his father. They are both wery musical.他像他父亲，他们都很有音乐细胞。（2）look like (外表)长得像She looks like her mum.They have the same eyes.她长得像她母亲，眼睛都一样。（3）be like ( 性格或行为上)像The daughter is lik

43、e her mother, always rushing around.女儿很像妈妈，总是忙来忙去。2、used to 表示现在已经不存在的过去的习惯或常规。（1）肯定句：Father used to smoke.（2）否定句：Father didnt use to smoke, but he does now.（3）疑问句：Did you ues to stayl up late? Yes,I did.3、for 和since 常用于完成时的时间（1）for 表示一段时间Hes live in the school for 20 years.（2）since:自从He has lived h

44、ere since 1985.4、if 真实条件句（1） 用法：表示可能的条件及可能带来的结果。（2） 结构：if从句（现在时），主语（将来时）If it rains, I will not go.I will be much happier if he succeeds.If从句既可放句首，也可放句尾。5、so的不同表达（1）I find him so interesting （强调“如此”）（2）So if I do it ,you wont be able to come here.（结果“因此”）（3）I like the film. Yes , so do I .(倒装“也”)（3）

45、 He reads more so that he can pass the exeme.(目的“这样”)Unit 281、现在完成时的用法（1）过去发生的动作，经历，对现在产生影响。事情发生在过去，但着眼点在现在。We have discussed about the plan.（2）过去的经历对现在产生的影响。Ive practised a lot.（3）与ever (曾经) never(从不)连用时：Heve you ever been to Paris? 放在分词前，一般在问句中。He s never been to Mexico. 意为“从不”（4）have been to 和hav

46、e goneXiao Wang has been to Wuzhou.(曾去过)Xiao Wang has gone to Wuzhou.(去了)2、与现在完成时连用的副词：除了ever, never 还有just, yet , already.（1）just（刚刚）Theyve just come in.放在助动词与分词之前（2）yet表示要做的事情没做。放句末，一般用于问句或否定句。Have you booked the ticked yet?No, I havent booked it yet.（3）already:“已经”用于肯定句，放在have(has)与分词之间，也可放句尾。I v

47、e already visited my teacher.Ive visited my teacher already.Unit 291、描述方位（1）一个地方在另一个地方的东（西、南、北）方向时：east(south,west,north) of Chengdu is northwest of Chongqing.成都位于重庆的西北。（2）一个地方在另一个地方范围内的某个方位：in the east(south, west, notth) ofKunming is in the southwest of China.昆明在中国的西南。（3）在某条河或者海岸线上，用介词on:Qingdao i

48、s on the coast.青岛在海边。（4）表示两地之间的距离：数词+距离单位+from:Beiing is 1200 kilometers from Shanghai.北京离上海有1200千米远。（5）离某地的旅途长短：a+时间+旅行方式+from.Nanning is a four-hour train journey from Guilin. 坐火车到桂林用四个小时。2、提出建议Why not go to the cinema?How about visiting our friend next week?Why dont you go on with it?What about g

49、oing to have a rest?You should visit dali ,it is so nice. If I were you ,Id would go first.3、过去进行时（1） 用法：表示过去某时正在发生的动作（2） 结构：主语+was(were)+动词的现在分词I was writing a letter at 4 yesterday.They were playing bsketball yesterday afternoon.（3） 过去进行时与一般过去时连用，前后两个句子可用when, while, as ,and 等连接。While I was having

50、 dinner, someone knocked the door.As I was watching TV,he called me .I was driving along the motorway when my car broke down.Unit 311、 worry(1) be worried about 担心He was worried about the test.（他为考试担心）(2) worry+直接宾语：使烦恼，焦虑The new work worried him so much.新的工作让他挺操心。2、与动词、名词或形容词连用的介词在疑问句中的位置：在特殊疑问句中，与

51、动词、名词或形容词连用的介词一般紧随与其连用的相应动词，名词或形容词之后：What are they interested in? (形容词+介词)他们对什么感兴趣？What has he got experience in? （名词+介词）他在什么方面获得经验？Who were you talking about? （动词+介词）你在谈论谁？What are you worried about? （动词+介词）你担心什么呢？Unit 321、被动语态（1）主语是谓语动作的实施对象，则用被动语态。而主动语态指句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者：The girls clean the room eve

52、ry day.(主语语态)The room is cleaned every day.(被动语态)（2）被动语态的构成：主语+助动词be的各种时态形式+过去分词：The work has been done. （现在完成时）This room is cleaned by the woman. (一般现在时)The laptop was stolen by his neighbour. （一般过去时）The bike must be repaired by his father. （情态动词）The truth will be found out. （一般将来时）2、直接引语和间接引语（1） 直

53、接引语：引述别人的话时，不做任何改动引用原话。将其放在引号内；间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内；Mary said,”I am very busy.”( 直接引语)Mary said that she was very busy.(间接引语)（2）可以引述间接引语的动词一般都是表示说话的动词：say, tell, ask, report 等。（3）直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语中动词的时态，形式，人称代词，时间和地点状语要有相应的变化：Jim said.”I like collecting stamps.”Jim said that he liked collecting

54、 stamps (时态、人称变化)The worker told me ,”Ill finish the work today.”The worker tokd me that he would finish the work that day. (人称、时态、时间变化)（4）如果直接引语是一般疑问句或表示请求的陈述句，变成间接引语时，需在引述动词ask后加if，然后将疑问句改陈述语序：“can you talk to me?”The police office asked.The police officer asked if she could talk to him.（5）如果直接引语是

55、特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，需要将疑问句改成陈述句语序：Susan asked,”How do you like the meeting?”Susan asked how I liked the meeting.Unit331、反意疑问句（1）反意疑问句中，若前一部分为肯定式后一部分用否定式；若前一部分为否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式。Its snowing ,isnt it?It isnt raining.is it?（2）反意疑问句前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词。情态动词或be动词时，后半部分先重复这些动词，然后+（not）+主语，构成简略问句。a. to be:He isnt a teach

56、er ,is he?They were in our school yesterday, werent they?b. to have / has:You have a daughter,havent you ?Tom hasnt a computer, has he?c.情态动词：You must turn off the light before you go ,musnt you ?She cant do it ,can she?d.助动词： We will be here tomorrow.wont we?You didnt order a cup of tea, did you ?（

57、3）如反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词是实意动词，后半部分一般由dont/doesnt(一般现在时)和didnt(一般过去时)加主语构成。She looks like her mother, doesnt she?Ther needed some rest, didnt they?（4）特殊情况的反意疑问句：Lets go to the zoo , shall we?Im the mext, arent I ?2、与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句：与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句谈论想像的情况，而且推测想象的结果，常用来谈论希望或梦想。（1）与现在或将来情况相反的虚拟条件句最常用的结构是：从

58、句：if+动词过去式。 主句：would (could)+动词原形If I had more money ,I would buy a car.If I won the lottery, I would buy a flat.3、介词 in spite of , apart from , except for （1）都表示“除了之外”，这三个介词词组都可以放在句首：In spite of the weather, we still went out.Except for the handwriting , the letter is nice.Apart from being slow, he

59、s not too bad.Unit 341、have to 和must（1）都可表示义务，责任，前者表示外部因素决定的义务，后者强调主观因素。I must buy presents for my friends ,they have been so kind to me .I have to begin my work at 2:30.（2）如果是别人对你说“必须做某事”时用must, 实际上是一种命令或者强烈的建议：You must hand in the exercise-book tomorrow.（3）表示强调，have to 和must 可用really 修饰：I really must buy presents for my friends.I really have to begin my work at 2:302、 musnt 和dont have to （！）musnt 表示不允许做某事。You musnt smoke here because there are some babies in the room.你不能在这里抽烟，因为有小孩子在屋里。（2）dont have to :表示不必要做某事，或者没有义务做某事。We d