电子秤的外文资料及翻译

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1、河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业论文中外文献外文参考文献外文参考资料一：SCM is also known as micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that it was first used in industrial control. Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The first design is by a large number

2、of peripherals and CPU on a chip in the computer system, smaller, more easily integrated into a complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTELs Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors have

3、parted ways.Are 8-bit microcontroller early or 4 bits. One of the most successful is the INTEL 8031, for a simple, reliable and good performance was a lot of praise. Then developed in 8031 out of MCS51 MCU Systems. SCM systems based on this system until now is still widely used. With the increased r

4、equirements of industrial control field, began a 16-bit microcontroller, because the cost is not satisfactory but have not been very widely used. After 90 years with the great development of consumer electronics, microcontroller technology has been a huge increase. With INTEL i960 series, especially

5、 the later series of widely used ARM, 32-bit microcontroller quickly replace high-end 16-bit MCU status and enter the mainstream market. The traditional 8-bit microcontroller performance have been the rapid increase capacity increase compared to 80 the number of times. Currently, high-end 32-bit mic

6、rocontroller clocked over 300MHz, the performance catching the mid-90s dedicated processor, while the average model prices fall to one U.S. dollars, the most high-end 1 model only 10 dollars. Modern SCM systems are no longer only in the development and use of bare metal environment, a large number o

7、f proprietary embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of SCM. The handheld computers and cell phones as the core processing of high-end microcontroller can even use a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems.SCM is more suitable than the specific processor used in embedded sy

8、stems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the worlds largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will be integrated single chip. Phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and

9、computer accessories such as a mouse with a 1-2 in both the Department of SCM. Personal computer will have a large number of SCM in the work. General car with more than 40 SCM, complex industrial control systems may even have hundreds of SCM in the same time work! SCM is not only far exceeds the num

10、ber of PC and other computing the sum, or even more than the number of human beingsSingle chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not complete a certain logic chips, but to a computer system integrated into a chip. Equivalent to a micro-computer, and computer than just the lack of a m

11、icrocontroller I / O devices. General talk: a chip becomes a computer. Its small size, light weight, cheap, for the study, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use the MCU is to understand the principle and structure of the computer the best choice.SCM an

12、d the computer functions internally with similar modules, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, the same effect as well, and hard disk memory devices, and different is its performance of these components were relatively weak many of our home computer, but the price is low , usually not more than 10 yua

13、n you can do with it some control for a class is not very complicated electrical work is enough of. We are using automatic drum washing machine, smoke hood, VCD and so on appliances which could see its shadow! .It is primarily as a control section of the core componentsIt is an online real-time cont

14、rol computer, control-line is that the scene is needed is a stronger anti-jamming ability, low cost, and this is, and off-line computer (such as home PC), the main difference.Single chipMCU is through running, and can be modified. Through different procedures to achieve different functions, in parti

15、cular special unique features, this is another device much effort needs to be done, some great efforts are very difficult to do. A not very complex functions if the 50s with the United States developed 74 series, or the 60s CD4000 series of these pure hardware buttoned, then the circuit must be a la

16、rge PCB board! But if the United States if the 70s with a series of successful SCM market, the result will be a drastic change! Just because you are prepared by microcomputer programs can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability!As the microcontroller on the cost-sensitive, so

17、 now the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level in addition to more than binary machine code language, and as so low why is the use? Many high-level language has reached the level of visual programming Why is not it? The reason is simply that there is no h

18、ome computer as a single chip CPU, not as hard as a mass storage device. A visualization of small high-level language program which even if only one button, will reach tens of K of size! For the home PCs hard drive in terms of nothing, but in terms of the MCU is not acceptable. SCM in the utilizatio

19、n of hardware resources to be very high for the job so although the original is still in the compilation of a lot of use. The same token, if the giant computer operating system and applications run up to get home PC, home PC, also can not afford to.Can be said that the twentieth century across the t

20、hree power era, that is, the age of electricity, the electronic age and has entered into the computer age. However, this computer, usually refers to the personal computer, referred to as PC. It consists of the host, keyboard, monitor and other components. Another type of computer, most people do not

21、 know how. This computer is to give all kinds of intelligent machines single chip (also known as micro-controller). As the name suggests, this computer system took only a minimal integrated circuit, can be a simple operation and control. Because it is small, usually hidden in the charged mechanical

22、stomach in. It is in the device, like the human brain plays a role, it goes wrong, the whole plant was paralyzed. Now, this microcontroller has a very broad field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, and household appliances. Once

23、all kinds of products were using SCM, can serve to upgrade the effectiveness of products, often in the product name preceded by the adjective - intelligent, such as intelligent washing machines. Now some technical personnel of factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of cer

24、tain products, not the circuit is too complicated, that function is too simple and can easily be copied. The reason may be stuck in the product did not use a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.SCM historySCM was born in the late 20th century, 70, experienced SCM, MCU, SoC three stage

25、s.First model 1.SCM the single chip microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly seeking the best of the best single form of embedded systems architecture. Innovation model success, laying the SCM and general computer completely different path of development. In the open road of independe

26、nt development of embedded systems, Intel Corporation contributed.2.MCU the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the various peripheral circuits and interface circ

27、uits, highlight the object of intelligent control. It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore, the development of MCUs responsibility inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intel faded MCU development has its objective factors. In

28、the development of MCU, the most famous manufacturers as the number of Philips Corporation. Philips company in embedded applications, its great advantage, the MCS-51 single-chip micro-computer from the rapid development of the micro-controller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development

29、 of embedded systems, do not forget Intel and Philips in History. Embedded Systems Embedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip; Therefore, the development of dedica

30、ted single chip SoC trend of the natural form. As the microelectronics, IC design, EDA tools development, application system based on MCU SoC design have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of the microcontroller chip microcomputer can be, extended to the single-chip micro-controller a

31、pplications.MCU applicationsSCM now permeate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time pro

32、cess control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the area o

33、f robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers. SCM is widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equ

34、ipment, aerospace, specialized equipment, intelligent management and process control fields, roughly divided into the following several areas:1. In the application of Intelligent InstrumentsSCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advantages of mi

35、niaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instruments, intelli

36、gence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument).2. In the industrial control applicationWith the MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisi

37、tion system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent control3. In Household Appliances Can be said that the appliances are basically using SCM, praise from the electric rice, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing

38、 equipment, varied, and omnipresent. 4. In the field of computer networks and communications applications MCU general with modern communication interface, can be easy with the computer data communication, networking and communications in computer applications between devices had excellent material c

39、onditions, are basically all communication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call system, train radio communication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mob

40、ile radio, walkie-talkies, etc.5. Microcomputer in the field of medical device applications SCM in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical respirator, the various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system. 6. In a variety of

41、major appliances in the modular applications Designed to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniatur

42、e electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a computer similar to the principle of the complex. Such as: music signal to digital form stored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound car

43、d). In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easy to replace. 7. Microcontroller in the application field of automotive equipment SCM in automotive electronics is widely used, such as a vehicle engine c

44、ontroller, CAN bus-based Intelligent Electronic Control Engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock braking system, brake system, etc. In addition, the MCU in business, finance, research, education, national defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications.外文参考资料二：Abstract:

45、 In order to solve the weight problem often encountered in measuring the low-mass objects in the trade and daily life of the modern business, the design of a new pocket-sized electronic scales. This pocket-sized electronic scales Force Sensor gravity signals into electrical signals to measure, and m

46、easuring the results of the digital display. The pocket-sized electronic scales with a small size, light weight, easy to carry, intuitive display, measurement and high precision; complex structure, the cost disadvantages. This article focuses on the load cell works, error compensation, the main para

47、meters of selection. And the technical and economic analysis.Keywords: pocket-sized electronic scales; weighing; sensor; error compensationCLC number: TH715. 1 sign code: A Article ID: 100 522 895 (2007) 02201102041 A needs analysisIn modern commerce and trade and everyday life, often encounter the

48、problem of measuring the weight of the low-mass objects. Although the traditional steelyard can solve this problem, but inconvenient to carry, the efficiency is not high, the display is not intuitive and low measurement accuracy; mechanical spring balance can solve this problem, but the inertia inhe

49、rent low frequency, high sensitivity, measurement accuracy is not high. With the progress and update of the micro-computer technology, integrated circuit technology, sensor technology, electronic scales rapid development, it has a responsive, high accuracy, fully functional, the display is intuitive

50、, compact, easy to use and so on.For these reasons, in order to solve the low-mass objects weighing problem, if a small size, light weight, portable, digital display electronic scales, will be popular. Discussed below, that is, the scope of a weighing 5 kg compact electronic scales.2 DesignThe princ

51、iple of the structure of the pocket-sized electronic scales shown in Figure 1. The main task is to design compact electronic scales weighing the choice of the force sensors. Dynamometer sensor types to achieve the weighing and digital display, the key is to want to force (gravity) signals into elect

52、rical signals to measure method is mainly divided into two categories: one is the direct method, namely the use of pressure magnetic sensor, piezoelectric sensor, Piezoresistive sensors directly to the force signal converted into electrical signals; the other is the indirect method, the elastic elem

53、ent as the sensor will pull, pressure changes in strain, displacement, or frequency, and then strain sensors, displacement sensors, or frequency sensor strain, displacement or frequency changes for power. Comprehensive comparison of a variety of sensors, use the indirect method of strain gauge force

54、 transducer.Pocket-sized electronic scale structural principle:Sensor amplifier CPU display AD converter3 sensor device design3.1 worksThe working principle of the strain gauge force transducer strain gauge pasted into force, force-sensitive elastic element, the corresponding strain when the elastic

55、 element force deformation, the strain gauge into a resistance change, which led to the voltage measuring circuit changes by measuring the output voltage value, and then through the conversion can be obtained by the measurement of body weight. Since the pocket-sized electronic scales require small s

56、ize, weighing in scope, precision and angle even consistency, sensor and display integration, it is selected parallel to the two holes cantilever beam strain gauge load-bearing sensor. Its characteristics are: high precision, ease of processing, simple and compact structure, strong resistance to par

57、tial load, high natural frequency.Strain gauge choice of a metal palisade metal mooring paste on the insulating substrate parked strain gages, mechanical strain resistance strain gauge feelings generally 10 - 10 - 2mm, the resistance rate of change of the attendant about 10 - 6 10 - 2 orders of magn

58、itude, such a small change in resistance measured using the general resistance of the instrument is hard to measure out, you must use some form of measurement.Circuit into small changes in resistance rates to changes in voltage or current, in order to secondary instrument display. Bridge measurement

59、 circuit to meet this requirement. In the load cell, R 1, R 2, R 3, R 44 strain gauge resistor bridge measurement circuit shown in Figure 3. R m is the temperature compensation resistor, e is the excitation voltage, V is the output voltage.外文参考资料三：The load cell is a quality signal into a measurable

60、electrical signal output device. Must consider the actual working environment of the sensor which sensor Yin, this is essential for the correct selection of the load cell, and it is related to the sensor can work as well as its safety and service life, and the whole weighing the reliability and safe

61、ty sex. On the basic concepts and methods of evaluation of the major technical indicators of the load cell, the new and old GB qualitative differences.The traditional concept, the load sensor weighing sensors, force sensors, collectively referred to using a single parameter to evaluate its measureme

62、nt properties. Old GB will be completely different application objects and the use of environmental conditions weighing and measured force two sensors into one to consider, not given to distinguish between the test and evaluation methods. Old GB total of 21 indicators, were tested at room temperatur

63、e; and non-linearity, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, the additional error of the zero temperature and the maximum error in the six indicators of the rated output additional temperature error, to determine said The level of accuracy of the weight sensor, respectively 0.02,0.03,0.05 sai

64、d.Proportion to convert the output signal can be measured. Taking into account the different place of use of the acceleration due to gravity and air buoyancy on the conversion, the main performance indicators of the load cell linearity error, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, zero-temper

65、ature characteristics and temperature sensitivity characteristics. In a variety of weighing and measuring the quality of the system, usually the integrated error accuracy of the integrated control sensors, and integrated error band or scale error band (Figure 1) linked so that selection corresponds to a certain accuracy weighing weighing sensors. International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) requirements, sensor error with total weighing instrument error with of 70% of the load cell linearity error, hysteresis error within the specified temperature range due to the e