外文翻译古典园林与现代公园

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1、古典园林与现代公园运用比较学的方式，在基于中国传统文化及美学思想建立的颐和园与基于现代消费文化的主题游乐公园-欢乐谷之间进行比较。分别对其背后的文化动机和经济动机进行比较和分析，以及其艺术设计表现方式的不同，和审美意趣的不同进行对比，深入探讨在两种文化背景下产生的景观设计方式的不同之处。在经典文化与哲学消解的20世纪末乃至21世纪初，世界各地的景观设计界兴起一股建设主题游乐园的旋风，本文则是以对于这种社会文化现象的观察体验以及分析，从审美文化这一角度切入，对这种文化事实进行剖析。对其背后的文化原因进行论证和话题的展开，来求证主题游乐园其背后的文化成因以及审美倾向，以及其在现代社会背景经营运作中

2、所具有的典型的现代景观特质。众所周知，在北京城内有两处园区非常受人欢迎，颐和园与北京欢乐谷。它们可能是北京市内人气最好的两处园区，其各具千秋的景观特点与各有特色的经营方式均使各自在一年四季内均人流如织。从景观的视角如何去看待这两处园林？笔者重点从两个园林的设计手法以及背后的美学思想来进行分析。首先，从颐和园来进行分析，颐和园是我国古代艺术家们将自然之美和建筑艺术融通、汇合，使之达到“天人合一”的中国美学最高境界的一件惊世之作。颐和园虽然是人工园林，但宛若天成，其建筑因高就势，凭流借远，“巧于因借，精在体宜”，将历代御苑之长处、南北私园之精华、名山大寺之佳境融合一体，可谓集天下园林之大成。颐和园

3、之前山前湖宫阙巍峨，湖光瑶碧，大开大合，气势磅礴。总体上看，颐和园既保留了我国历代皇家御苑的传统内容，如“一池三山”的理水方式，又与其他园林的“平面布局，散点造景”的特点迥然有别。在叠石堆山、植花艺林、筑殿置阁上采用突出一个中心、总揽全局的手法，使全园主宾分明。无论从整体的园林布局还是从细部的匠心独运，都可以看到颐和园这样一个园林其背后浑厚宁静的中国文化以及其审美理想，对于世外仙境的幻化和对于设计手法的高度冼炼，是一个非常经典的古典主义园林，其精神意趣直指个人内心，彰显皇家气度，兼具文人情怀。其次，从欢乐谷的案例分析，北京欢乐谷位于北京市朝阳区东四环四方桥东南角，占地面积56万平方米，于200

4、6年7月落成开放，是目前国内投资最高、面积最大、最为国际化现代化的主题公园，是一处为了满足大众多样化休闲娱乐需求而建造的一种具有独特创意的文化体验和时尚旅游项目，它以“动感、时尚、欢乐、梦幻”的娱乐个性，集海、陆、空三栖游乐于一身，融日、夜两重娱乐于一体，是北京体验旅游的重要标志。北京欢乐谷精选世界经典文明和创意智慧，精心设置了50余项主题景观、10余项主题表演、30多项主题游乐设施、20余项主题游戏及商业辅助设施，营造了一个神秘、梦幻的世界。全园共分六大主题区：峡湾森林、亚特兰蒂斯、爱琴港、失落玛雅、香格里拉、蚂蚁王国。其中，爱琴港主题区及奥林匹亚体验展馆，是呼应2008年北京奥运专门规划建

5、设的，届时，北京欢乐谷将成为北京人文奥运的重要组成部分，成为展示新北京、新奥运的重要窗口和名片。北京欢乐谷是家庭旅游的首选之地，是学生名副其实的开心课堂，是青年人娱乐的开心地，是企业文化活动的绝好场所，是所有人的欢乐王国。拥有30多万平方米的绿化、8万平方米的湖面赋予欢乐谷良好的生态环境；六大主题区域赋予欢乐谷独特的人文气质；国际国内双重标准的安全检测、人性化的服务配套和智能化的全园信息系统赋予欢乐谷世界一流的品质；国际顶尖的游乐设施、国际金奖的演艺实力赋予欢乐谷领先世界的高度。由此可见，欢乐谷作为一个娱乐为主的主题公园，是以各种世界文明的缩影板作为蓝本来进行规划设计的，而吸引公众参与的方式则

6、是以冒险刺激为主体的娱乐设施，而其中景观也都是以塑造各种漫画版的文明形象作为其主调，其针对客户群主要为15-35的青年人群。等等诸多问题是我们可以清晰的看到其与颐和园等中国传统的古典园林无论从造园的动机，其景观表现的手法，景观形象的易趣，以及对于人精神层面的反思等等方面已有很大不同。其实这并不是一个孤独的例子来进行比较，我们可以清晰的看到在时光车轮行至21世纪的今天，中国社会在经历了改革开放30年经济迅猛发展以后，人们生活的周围出现很多与世界各种文化相互接轨的景象，非常突出的一个现象就是在我们的城市里发展出各种不同的主题公园，如雨后春笋般迅速成长起来，其中最为典型的就是迪斯尼与欢乐谷式的主题乐

7、园。这样一种以刺激感官和身体，娱乐至上的主题公园在各个城市这样迅猛的被繁衍复制，其背后必然存在着生命力极为强劲的文化系统与审美体系。那么这些体系又是如何生长、发育，乃至其具体形式表现为何？首先本文认为，主题公园这种景观一定基于某种文化载体，该公园只是此文化的一种物质化的载体，那么其背后的文化原因是指得去研究和深思的。所以剥茧抽丝，当从整体社会文化分析入手，不难看出，经典文化与哲学消解的20世纪末乃至21世纪初，主题公园大都与影视，动漫等新兴的传媒载体所传达的图像信息有着非常密切的姻亲关系。由同随着电子信息技术与传媒技术的迅速发展，文化工业在近一个世纪以来的发达国家中蓬勃壮大已是不争的事实。文化

8、工业利用大众传媒制造身体幻象、提供游戏化的心理经验、克服认同焦虑，使更广泛意义上的大众充实了文化生活；它也许是趋时的、媚俗的，但是它却为文化消费者欣然接受。所以，消费社会中大众文化的发达是必然的。而且以身体娱乐，刺激感官的这种文化体系正在非常快的速度在发育，这种现象在我们日常生活中日益普及的青少年游戏文化中得以非常明显的体现。 由以上粗略的比较可以看出，这两所园林虽同处北京城，但是因为其建造年代、建造动机、建造材料、审美取向、文化背景等等方面的不同，这两个园林有着非常不同外在形象和内在气质。可以看到各个方面局传达出不同的文化质感，以及其衍生出来的多样化的景观形态。在此，我们无意以这样的比较去定

9、义孰好孰坏，只是将两种相差极大的景观样式并陈，分别从其的背后文化成因进行简单的分析，由此可以看到审美倾向与整体社会哲学非常之密切的关系，以及与之衍生出来的文化产品非常紧密的姻亲关系。那么，从这一点看来，社会文化之于景观之重要，无论从景观的成因，或者从景观设计理念以及景观具体设计的手段都有着非常重要的指引作用。反过来看，景观亦同时以物化的方式来反映整个世界，或者说能准确反映当代的文化，影视等其他门类艺术的方式来呈现。相信随着网络传媒技术的不断更新和图像表现手段日益完善，将会产生更多的新的艺术形式，也会衍生不同的审美思想与文化思潮，那么景观也必将发展出新的形式。园林200703班：孟娜Classi

10、c landscape and modern parkUsing comparative study- way, based on traditional Chinese culture and aesthetics of the Summer Palace and based on modern consumer culture theme amusement park happy valley comparison, the culture behind respectively on the motive and economic incentives for comparison an

11、d analysis, and its artistic design expression, and different ways of different aesthetic interest in comparison, the paper probes two cultural background of the landscape design way differences. In classic culture and philosophy of digestion of the 20th century and even the early 21st century, the

12、landscape design world raised a share whirlwind of construction of theme parks, this article is for this kind of social cultural phenomenon of observation and analysis from experience, the perspective of aesthetic culture, analyzes on the cultural facts. The culture of the reasons behind argumentati

13、on and topic development, by making theme parks behind the cultural causes and aesthetic tendency, and its operation in modern social background is a typical modern landscape characteristics. As is known to all, two parks are very popular with Beijing, the Summer Palace an-d happy valley. They may b

14、e the best of Beijing city popularity in two parks, with all the landscape characteristics and the thousand features all to their way of business within in four seasons are poured theatre. From the perspective of landscape , how to think the two landscape? The author mainly from two garden design te

15、chnique and the aesthetic thoughts behind for analysis. First, from the Summer Palace for analysis, the Summer Palace in our country ancient artists will be natural beauty and architecture art, accommodation, rendezvous, so as to meet the nature and humanity Chinese aesthetic the highest level of on

16、e surprised works. The Summer Palace though is artificially garden, but like tian cheng, its building by flow because of high lying, borrow far, qiao ”in borrowing, precision in body appropriate, will YuYuan of strengths and north and south in the essence of private garden of the Abbey, mountains, i

17、t sets a defence fusion the gardens of the tales. The Summer Palace! In the lake before, lake majestic mountain lakes and DaKaiDaGe, furnace; ever-r-oaring reckoned After practice, QuJian acquisitive desire element lake, small feeling small flow incense on YouSui, enchanting. In general speaking, th

18、e Summer Palace is retained in the past dynasties and the royal YuYuan traditional content, such as a pool three mountain, and Richard water means with other garden layout, the characteristics of landscape scatterplot nowadays. The cascade mountains, plant flowers heap art circles, built by prominen

19、t on the house for cabinet overarching one center, the gimmick, make the guest, a trenchant, promenading up on high, the wind of the reigns of Kings. Meanwhile in the Summer Palace with couplets are everywhere in such as interest presentation, is the whoe point more deeply into Vince garden artistic

20、 conception of creation, quiet wonderful quite poetry is painting, painting with poems in style. No matter from the overall landscape layout or from the details of alone, can see the Summer Palace such a garden behind the vigorous quiet Chinese culture and its aesthetic ideal fairyland for extraterr

21、estrial unreal and the height of for design gimmick XianLian, is a very classic of classical garden, its spirit heart, to reveal personal story pointed to the royal bearing, hold concurrently literati feelings. Secondly, from happy valley of case studies, happy valley Beijing is located in Beijing c

22、haoyang district southeast, covers an area of 56 million square meters, inaugurate-d in July 2006, is the present domestic investment open largest area, the highest, most international modern theme park, is a place to meet peoples diverse leisure demand has built a cultural experience and unique cre

23、ative tourist project, it with fashion dynamic, fashion, joy, dream entertainment personality, set the sea, land, empty three amusement in a body, melts habitat day, night literary entertainment at an organic whole, is an important symbol of Beijing experience tourism. Happy valley Beijing selected

24、world classic civilization and creative wisdom, carefully set up 50 items theme landscape, more than 10 items theme performance, more than 30 theme amusement facilities, more than 20 research topics games and commercial auxiliary facilities, create a mystery, dream world. The park is divided into si

25、x topic area: fjord forest, Atlantis, Aegean port, lost Maya, shangri-la, ants Kingdom. Among them, the Aegean port topic area and Olympia experience center, is echo for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, and special construction planning, happy valley Beijing will become the Beijing Olympics, become an

26、important part of the show the new Beijing, an important window and new Olympics card. Happy valley Beijing is the land of choice for family travel and is the student class, is worthy of the happy young entertainment, is the enterprise cultural activities of the great place, it is the joy of all the

27、 kingdom. With more than 300,000 square meters of green, 8 million square meters of the lake gave happy valley good ecological environment; Six regional gave happy valley theme the unique cultural temperament; International and domestic double standard safety testig and humanized service facilities

28、and intelligent and the information systems endow happy valley world first-class quality; International top amusement facilities, international gold prize acting position gives happy valley leading level. Thus, happy valley as an entertainment primarily theme park, is the epitome of boar-d of world

29、civilization being driven by the planning design, and to attract the public participation is the way for the main risk stimulation of recreation facilities, but also are shaping landscape of comic version of civilized image as its advocate tone, its main for customer base for 15-35 young crowd. And

30、so on many problems is we can clearly see that its and the Summer Palace, etc the traditional Chinese classical garden from gardening whatever the motivation, the landscape performance of tactics, landscape image for people, and ebay reflection of spiritual level, etc.) have very different. In fact

31、this is not a lonely example to compare, we can see clearly that the 21st century in time the wheels step today, Chinese society has experienced 30 years of reform and opening-up, economic rapid development of peoples life after around the world there are many and various cultural convergence of eac

32、h other in landscape design industry scene, a phenomenon, very prominent is in the city To develop an all sorts of different theme park, springing up rapidly growing up, one of the most typical is Disney and happy valley type theme park. Such a to stimulae the senses and the body, entertainment firs

33、t theme park in different cities such rapid was breeding copying, behind the inevitable existence very robust with vitality cultural system and aesthetic system. So how these systems, growth, development, and its specific are form? Firstly this paper thinks, theme park this landscape must be based o

34、n some kind of cultural carrier, this park is just a materialization of this cultural carrier of the culture be-hind, so its reason is refers to have to research and deeply. So, when wo strip cocoons from the whole society culture analysis, see not hard, classic culture and philosophy of digestion o

35、f the 20th century and even the early 21st century, theme park with film, animation, etc most emerging media carrier of image information conveyed by marriage relationship has very close. By the same as electronic information technology and media technology, the traditional culture of the rapid deve

36、lopment of the cultural industry, fade i-n nearly a century of developed countries already flourish strengthen is the fact that doe-s not dispute. Using mass media culture industry body illusion, provide game made the psychological experience, overcome identity anxiety, make more widely in the sense

37、 of mass enrich the cultural life; It may be smart, vulgar, but its for cultural consumers accept. So, consumer society of popular culture developed is inevitable. And in the body, stimulate the senses the entertainment culture system is a very fast speed, this kind of phenomenon in development in o

38、ur daily life the growing popularity of youth game culture to the embodiment of the very obvious. By above rough comparison shows, the two gardens in Beijing, but though because with the built it, and build motivation, constructio materials, aesthetic orientation, cultural background and so on the d

39、ifferent, the two gardens have very different external image and inner temperament. Can see all aspects of different culture bureau conveys texture, and its derivatives diversified landscape form. Here, we have no intention to compare to define or good or bad, but the two differ greatly landscape pa

40、ttern and Chen, separately from the simple behind the analysis of cultural reasons, we can see that the aesthetic tendency and the whole social philosophy is very close , and the derivation of cultural products are very closely in-laws relation. So, from this point of view, social culture in the lan

41、dscape of important, no matter of the cause, or from landscape design concept is the guideline which has very important roles. In turn, the landscape also look to reflect the way with materialized whole world, o-r can accurately reflect contemporary culture, its texture is a difference in music, vid

42、eo and text to other kinds of art way to appear. Believe that as the network media technology unceasing renewal and the image performance means increasingly perfect, will produce more new art form, also will derive different aesthetic thoughts and cultural ideological trend, then the landscape will develop a new form. Landscape Architecture 200703: Meng Na5