CollegeEnglishReformUsing大学英语教学现状和特点

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1、大学英语教学现状和特点College English Reform Using摘要：本文分析了现今大学英语教学的现状和特点，并就有关问题提出大学英语改革的思路和方法。本文认为，由浙江大学外语系设计并试验了从教学思想到教学方法的与之配套教材新编大学英语符合时代发展的需求。教师在教学过程中运用该教材的课程安排，以esa理论作为理论基础，可使学生的听说读写译能力全面提高，达到运用交际的目的，最终符合社会对大学生英语水平的需要。关键词：大学英语教学现状和特点； 新编大学英语 ；esa理论；听，说，读，写，译；交际能力Abstract：this article analyses the current

2、situation and characteristics of college english teaching and put forward the related ideas and waysthe paper believes that textbook new-college english designed and experimented by foreign language department of zhejiang university conforms to the demands of the erateachers can use the curricular a

3、rrangements of this textbook, based on esa theory，which enables students to increase their listeningreading，writingand translating skills comprehensively for the purpose of applying and communicating, thus to meet the needs of the society for college studentsenglish levelKey words：the current situat

4、ion and the characteristics in college english teaching；new college english；esa theory；listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating skill；communicative competenceCollege english is an important and a basic course in higher educaionthe quality of this course concerns directly the development

5、 of the quality of the learnerslanguage ability and their practical ability to solve problemsso the state education commission has carried out research object entitled practice and study on courses and the reform the system geared to college english in the 2 1st century so as to formulate the contem

6、porary syllabus of college english and study courses,teaching methodology, including compiling textbooksit brings us opportunities as well as challengesusing what principles to guide college english teaching and improve the teaching quality in order to improve college studentsability in english is t

7、he to priority in college english teaching1、the analysisof the presentsituationand the characteristics of college english teaching1.1 the present situation of college english teaching：the english teaching in china has developed rapidly and great success has been made since the founding of our people

8、s republichowever，admittedly, the overall teaching level is not very high, the problems of“dumb english“ ；“time-consuming“,“producing little effect“are very common：(1)influenced by the tendency of“teaching for exam,1earning for exam“,manystudents cannot understand when they listen；they cannot expres

9、s themselves clearly and fluently when they speak；(2)the learnersenglish ability is unsatisfactory；(3)teacherseducational concepts,teaching methods,teaching ability and english ability cant keep up with the needs of the society;(4)educational“planned economy“pattern restricts english language teachi

10、ng；(5)be sort of funds，equipments，and creation of language environment,whats more，teachers training is insufficientunder these circumstances，the problems in college english teaching are more prominent, although the majority of the students have completed the class hour of basic phase of college engl

11、ish and passed cet-4(even cet-6)，their levels of english language dont meet the syllabuss requirements such as in reading and speakingactually，there is a certain distance between the demands that the present syllabus of college english stipulates and the needs of societyemploying units are disconten

12、ted with the graduateswritten and spoken english, especially their comprehensive ability according to the feedback which the following table illustrates: percentbetter/bestaveragepoor/poorerspoken english55237writing115824being competent inunderstanding the speech ininternational conferencebeing com

13、petent inexampleparticipating in the discussionin internationalconferencebeing competent inparticipating in the foreignbusiness negotiationif the situations mentioned above couldnt simply be changed,the foreign language subject would become weak in the new centurytherefore, we must be aware that the

14、 arduous task is 1eft for us：we should reevaluate college english teachingmeanwhilewe should highlight that the function of foreign language is a tool of communication：we should change the ideas of“teaching for exam,1earning for exam“;we must keep it in mind: rapidly developed construction of social

15、ist economy has made great demands of english education；we should reform,develop textbooks，and provide equipments for teaching1.2 the characteristics of college english teaching：for a long time past，what our college english teaching continues using is“teacher-centered“principlewe always stress that

16、teachersconscientious preparation of the lessons，substantial and well-organized contents are a key linkthe characteristics are“teaching-centered“, “language centered“ and“text-based“therefore teachersexplanations to language points take up much time，deprive students of enough chances of practice, an

17、d make students become passive receivers of englishas a result, it constrains studentsenthusiasm unconsciouslythe theory of cognitive psychology hold：“study is the interactive and positive processduring the study processstudents are not just passive receivers of language form, but the subjects of st

18、udy，the positive creatorsthe most important task of foreign language study is notteachingbutlearning“ sp corder once said：“effective language teaching should adjust the natural process instead of violating；it should contribute to and promote the study instead of hindering itteachers and textbook“eng

19、lish skills can be gained from studentspersonal practicethe effect of study in some way depends on studentsown subjective initiative and participationthe process of study is the combination of new knowledge and the knowledge they have learned：it also means transforming theory into spontaneous applic

20、ationthis kind of integration can be fulfilled through studentsown activiteson the wholethe study of foreign language is essentially the study of their own accordso it is urgent to take effective actionshow can we improve college studentsenglish ability in listening, speaking, reading, writing, and

21、translating? we will talk about it in the following chapter2、the analysis of new college english2.1 textbooktextbookas one of the essential elements that influence the teaching, is the service of the teaching purpose；the important resource of teaching and learningit should reflect quality-oriented p

22、rinciples and good materials that can increase and develop studentsapplied ability; it should involve a set of systematic and directing activities of language practice；it can broaden studentsvision，widen their outlook，deepen their understanding of the foreign countriesand increase their knowledge of

23、 foreign culturestherefore，the contents should be scientific, practical, interesting，deserving considerationsthe textbook should deal with the relationship between knowledge and application and it must be suitable to studentslevelas to the optionof the textbook, considerations must be given to both

24、the needs of classroom instruction and self-study outside class 2.2 new college english.the linguistics department in foreign language college of zhejiang university has designed and experimented a set of reform schemes from teaching model of thinking to teaching modelthe textbook they have designed

25、 is new college english.2.2.1 now 1et us look at the main characteristics of new college english：compiled according to new syllabus，it accords with quantization quota that the syllabus stipulates；it is student-centered andit understands and reflects students knowledge, intelligence, emotion, and the

26、 needs of individual character；each unit is centered on subject and the reappearing rate of vocabulary is high, which is convenient for the studentsassociation and memory；it is centered on the topics in which college students are interested; it cultivates thestudentscomprehensive ability；the languag

27、e of textbook is standard english；various class activities can stimulate studentsinterests；it can spur students on thinking actively, participating consciously,acquiring knowledge and understanding the background knowledge of foreign language；it attaches importance to develop studentsability of stud

28、ying independently in class and outside class2.2.2 new college enelish also has its own teaching ideologywe will talk about it now.(1)student-centeredteachersroles will changethey will need to set up tasks and activities in which the students play the major overt roleit is then their job to monitor

29、their activities，modify and adjust them as time goes bythe studentsroles will change correspondinglythey will no longer find it is enough to follow the lesson passively, but will need to involve themselves in the activities they are asked to undertake both inside and outside the classroomthis gives

30、them more freedom and more responsibilities(2)classroom instructions should pay attention to the needs of studentsstudent-centered classroom instructions should reflect the studentsneeds and give considerations to both the future competence of english and the needs of their daily studythe former is

31、easily noticed，while the latter is easily ignoredpractice and theory tell us：only the forrmer is not enough，it cannot assure studentsdaily and protracted initiative and zealthe process of daily study includes not only the elements of language study,review and strengthening；but also the needs of inte

32、lligence and emotion(3)classroom teaching should create conditions so that the students can have chance to show and test their own knowledge and ability that is beneficial to inner motive force of their studyclassroom teaching should also consider the needs that students use english to communicate，w

33、hich is their ultimate goal of learning englishthis kind of communication,to be maximum limit，is close to the real circumstance，not just a man-made communication designing for studying and consolidating a certain language point real circumstance contains scenes and contents. especially the contents

34、should reflect the college studentsintelligence elementonly can this stimulate the studentsenthusiasm and initiative to the greatest limit (4)in additionclassroom teaching has a very important task：cultivating studentsability to improve themselvesstudents have strong demands of studying independentl

35、yon one hand, studying independently can enable students to adopt different study tactics based on their own specialities and learn from othersstrong points to offset their own weaknesseson the other hand，studying independently can enable students to improve themselves continuously after they are ou

36、tside their english class(5)language teaching should help the students to gain the competence in using the languagethey should be trained in listening，speaking，reading , writing，and translating. in the real language environment, they should learn to use these skills naturally before they can achieve

37、 a certain goalit is a dynamic processthese skills will be integrated rather than isolatedit will be rare to find students given a listening or reading text in isolation and asked to answer questions on it for no apparent reasonaccording to krashens theory, language is based on sufficient language i

38、nput(reading and listening)reading and listening can be comprehensive skills；the indispensable way of ramming the language basis and the prerequisite of speaking and writingwriting and speaking is the creative application of language knowledge；the effective way of digesting knowledge internally and

39、consolidatingthey can spur knowledge on transforming short-term into long-term memory，thus promoting the constant expansion of language knowledge and continuing to improve studentslistening and reading skills2.2.3 teaching pattern of new college english：the teaching pattern of this textbook can be c

40、alled“students-centered“the specific way of this pattem is to put english into two parts：one is studentsreading and listening under the teachersguidance；another is the cultivation and increase of comprehensive applied ability of listening, writing, reading, speaking, and translating(1)studentsreadin

41、g and listening voluntarily under teachersguidancethearrangement of this part mainly consists of reading and audio-visual activities which the students conduct independentlythe quantity of reading and listening practice is more than 3 times as many as that of class reading and listeningbecause readi

42、ng and listening is the channel of obtaining knowledge and ramming language basis, students should read and listen a lot to improve their language ability and accumulate enough language knowledge and materials for speaking and writingwhats more, 1istening and speaking is also the activities the stud

43、ents carry out and finish individuallyin other words, because of the difierent language ability among students, the different speed of reading and listening comprehension, and the different strategies the students employ during the process of listening and reading, it is inconvenient for the teacher

44、s to regard simple reading and listening as an important and collective activity and conduct unifiedly in classso it is reasonable for the teachers to guide students to do a great amount of reading and l istening exercisesbecause of self-study, students can concentrate their attention on reading and

45、 listening positively, unlike the traditional listening and reading classes that the students are unified and in which some may feel bored and some may be absent-minded teachers should encourage, help, supervise, and urge students to accomplish the task as much as possiblein order to do so, the text

46、book provides necessary explanatory notes to help the studentsmeanwhile, teachers can explain the typical articles and 1istening materials in class so as to find and solve the students problems(2)teacherssubject methodology to develop and increase studentsapplied ability during the class teaching of

47、 developing and increasing the applied ability，the textbook enable students to practice listening, speaking, writing, reading and translatingit also provides students with the topics in which they are interested so that they can obtain the rich language phenomenon and materials of different levels o

48、f some certain subiectsfinally students can participate in the activities to express their own points of view very naturally and fluently, the activities of language practice designed for the new teaching pattern take whether the students participate in the activities or not and whether the students

49、 participate in the activities positively or not as criterion to measure whether they are good or badthe teachers should encourage the students to take part in the activities，find their troubles timely, provide help，and conduct every activity in good order and effectivelythe language practice design

50、ed involves many language skills and reflects the situations of application of language skills in the real language environment3、the arrangement of classroom teaching3.1 what elements are necessary for successful language learning in classrooms?classroom students dont usually get the same exposure o

51、r encouragement as those who at what ever age arepicking upthe languagebut that does not mean they can not learn a language if they are not provided with the right language situations, like language learners outside schools, they will need to be motivated, exposed to language, and given chances to u

52、sed itwe can therefore say what elements needs to be presented in a language classroom to help students learn effectivelywe will call these elements esa three elements which will be presented in all or almost all classesthey are：engage：this is the point in a teaching sequence in which teachers try t

53、o arouse the studentsinterests，thus involving their emotionsmost people can remember 1essons at schoo1 which were uninvolving and where theyswitched off from what was being taughtfrequently，this was because they were bored，because they were not emotionally engaged in what was going onsuch lessons ca

54、n be contrasted with where they were amused, moved, stimulated, or challenged1t seems quite clear that those lessons not only have morefun, but also are better learnedactivities and materials which frequently engage students in include：games(depending on age and type), music, discussions(when handle

55、d challengingly)，stimulating pictures，dramatic stories，and amusing anecdotes etcbut even when such activities and materials are not used，teachers will have to ensure that the students are engaged in the topics, exercises or language they are going to be dealing withthey will ask the students what th

56、ey think of a topic before asking them to read itfor examplethe students will look at the picture of a person and be asked to guess what his occupation is before they listen to the tapethey will be stimulated by the fact that the teacher (who normally dressed very formally and always stays in the sa

57、me place in class) suddenly arrives in class dressed casually and moves around the room with unaccustomed ease and so onwhen students are engagedthey learn better than when they are partly or wholly disengaged! study ：study activities are those where the students are asked to focus on language (or i

58、nformation) and how it is constructedthey range from the study and practice of a single sound to an investigation of how a writer achieves a particular effect in a long text; from an examination and practice of a verb tense to the study of transcript of informal speech to discuss spoken style.studen

59、ts can study in a variety of different styles：the teachers can explain grammar；the students can study language evidence to discover language grammar for themselves and they can work in groups studying a reading text or vocabularybut whatever the style is，study means any stage at which the constructi

60、on of language is the main focussome typical areas for study might be the study and practice of the vowel sound inshipandsheep(egchip, cheap, dip , deep，bit, beat etc)，the study and practice of the third person singular of the simple present tense (he sleeps，she laughs，it worksetc), the study and pr

61、actice of inviting pattern(would you like to come to the cinemato a concert?etc)，the study and practice of the way we use pronouns in written discourse (ega man entered a house in brixtonhe was tall with an unusual hatit was multicolored.etc), and the study and practice of paragraph organization(top

62、ic, sentence，development，conclusion or he rules for usingmakeanddo)successful language learning in a classroom depends on a judicious blend of subconscious language acquisition (through listening and reading, for example) and the kind of study activities we have 1ooked at hereactivate：this element d

63、escribes exercises and activities that are design to get students using language as freely andcommunicativelyas they canthe objective for the students is not to focus on language construction and/or practice specific bits of language (grammar patterns，particular vocabulary items or functions) but to

64、 use all and any language which may be appropriate for a given situation or topicthus，activate exercises ofrer students a chance to try out real language use with little or no restriction-a kind of rehearsal for the real worldtypical exercises include role plays (where students act out, as realistically as possible，an exchange between a travel agent and a clientfor example)，advertisement design (where students write and then record a radio commercial, for example), debates and discussions，describe and draw(where one student tries to get another to draw a picture without that ot