工厂化农业新世纪中国农业的希望FactoryagriculturenewcenturyChineseagriculturehope

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1、工厂化农业_新世纪中国农业的希望（Factory agriculture _ new century Chinese agriculture hope）The first17 volumes of his firstPhase 1Journal of nanjing agricultural universityIn 2001,marchVol117No. 1 journalofnanjingagriculturaltechnologycollege Mar., 2001Article number: 100821895 (2001) 2001Factory agriculture - the

2、 hope of agriculture in the new centuryXWan fresh-from-stats-classGarden department of nanjing agricultural college,In this paper,:The use of the greenhouse. It is suggested that factory agriculture represents the development direction of agriculture in the new centuryOwn special factory agriculture

3、.This paper introduces the origin and development of factory agricultureJiangsu nanjing 210038The present situation and introduction of foreign factory agriculture are introducedIt is pointed out that China should focus on developmentkeywordsFactory agriculture; Facility agriculture; greenhouseInter

4、mediate number: S201, S62 document identification codeB:Agriculture: Hope of Chinese Agriculture in the 21st Cen turyWAN Cheng2gang(N anjing A gricultural Technology College, N anj ing 210038, Ch ina)Abstract: The origin and development of industrialized agriculture are intorducedThe present situati

5、on of the industrialzed agriculture in foreign countries and the application of theIntroduced greenhouse in China are emphatically introduced. In the end, it is pointed out thatThe industrialized agriculture stands for the developing trend of agriculture in the new 21stCentury, andChinashoulddevelop

6、 theindustrializedagriculturewithChinesecharacteristics.Key words: industrialized agriculture; Protected agriculture; greenhouse0 the introductionChina is a large and resource-constrained agricultural countryThe per capita appropriation of arable land is insufficient01067 hm 2, just for the world av

7、erage1.3;Water shortageThe average per capita amount is less than the world average1.4. The resource shortage has become the restriction of our agriculture and the whole national economy developmentThe bottleneck. Decades of relying on resources and extensive management of agricultural growth have r

8、esulted in ecological imbalances, environmental degradation and resource atrophyforIn the populous ChinaThis kind of agricultural development has reached unsustainable levels. Facing the resource shortage, the population expansion is seriousrealityFacing the severe challenge of global economic integ

9、ration in the new century and the fierce competitionThe Chinese nation should live, develop and enter the worldThe ranks ofWe must change the way agriculture is inefficient and expensiveA way to replace resources with technologyWe will follow the path of agricultural industrialization1. As aAgricult

10、ure out of resources(arable land, water, climate, environment, etcThe only way to limit it is to develop factory production -Factory farming.Factory agriculture refers to the artificial control environment(temperature, light, moisture, gas, etcUnder the condition of)Industrial productionTo realizeIn

11、tensive, efficient and sustainable development mode of modern production. Factory farming infuses biotechnology, electronics, information and computer technology, it isHigh-tech production system; It will be the focus and important agricultural production mode of the global agricultural science and

12、technology revolution in the new century. Some developed countriesX deadline: 2000210208; Date of repair: 2000212214Authors brief introduction: wan fresh-from-stats-class(19452) man, the chongqing manAssociate professor of horticulture department of nanjing agricultural college, mainly engaged in or

13、namental gardening research. the journal of the nanjing agricultural science and technologyIn 2001 the firstPhase 1The agricultural production of the home has reached a high degree of industrializationWith the acceleration of market internationalizationA market for low-tech agricultural productsComp

14、etitiveness will be weakerCountries around the world are vying for high technology for agricultureFor the market share of agricultural productsAll of them increased their workThe technical input and construction investment of factory agriculture1. Chinas agriculture and agricultural products will ha

15、ve a huge impact in the futureAgricultural enterprises in ChinaThere will be a serious threat. soTo understand, learn and learn from the advanced experience of foreign factory farmingReduce the gap with developed countries as soon as possibleIn the futureIn the 21st century, we developed our own fac

16、tory agricultureIt is the task of Chinese agricultural science and technology workers.1. Development process of foreign factory farmingFactory farming is gradually developed according to peoples needsPlastic greenhouse, plastic greenhouse, glass greenhouse came into being,It began with vegetable soi

17、l cultivation. As early as during world war ii, the BritishState and American soldiers produce vegetables in uncultivated land on desert islands2. As people live in need of constant improvement and industry and economyThe development of,Facility agriculture was developedThis is the factory farming o

18、f the initial state;The real factory farming is nearDeveloped in 20 years. Due to the development of economy and science and technologyNew materials and new technologies applied inAgricultural facilitiesA large aluminum alloy glasshouse has emergedThere is a single or even buildingA greenhouse can r

19、each dozens of hectares; Greenhouse coverRemove glass and plastic filmAnd there it isPV C transparent board and polycarbonate hollow plate(PC board), its transmittance, thermal insulation, strength andLife expectancy has improved greatly. A large number of new and high technologies are applied to fa

20、cility agricultureTo make the agricultural production factory go up a new stepSuch as the soil cultivation techniqueperfectingThere was deep flow cultivation(D FT), nutrient membrane cultivation(N FT), spray cultivation and solid matrix cultureType. There has also been a breakthrough in simplifying

21、technology and reducing costs; The application of computers revolutionized agriculture, 1Computers can control hundreds of devices in a greenhouse(such as vent, heater, fan, hot water valve, irrigation valve, insulation screen, lighting, etc).Computers are controlled by many parametersSuch as indoor

22、 and outdoor temperature, humidity, external wind direction, wind speed,CO 2 concentration and day and nightmoment; The computer system can collect all the sensor dataMake a comprehensive evaluation of the situationAnd every device in the greenhouse is available at any timeGive appropriate instructi

23、onsTo maintain ideal conditions within the controlled greenhouse area3. In additionCO 2 fertilizer technology, nutrition liquid deployment technology,It has been applied to bear bee pollination, matrix disinfection, mechanization and reprocessing technology. scientistsThe crop planting model is bein

24、g studiedMake computers make decisions for growersThe artificial intelligence system appearedTo make plant management changeIts easy to do.Introduction to factory agriculture in developed countriesThanks to a series of high-tech supportFactory farming has developed in some developed countries.In 196

25、4, Austria beganExperiment with a plant of cultivated plants(high30 m, area5, 000 m 2), a tomato plant in AustriaStaff only30 people, average dayTomato production1317 t, production1 kg of tomatoes consumes electricity9 10 kw h, the cost is only the dew60% 2.In 1974, Japan built a plant for electroni

26、c computer control of flowers and vegetablesThe plant by1Layer 2 buildings(830 m 2) and two plantsMr Greenhouse(each800 m 2)In theTwo tulips and two irises in one year.A crop of tomatoesTo make annual production. to1998Japan has been used for research, display and production of plant factoriesForty,

27、 of which are factories17 2.Israeli factory farming has reached a high level of productionIt USES desert wasteland to build plant factoriesPer hectare of greenhouseSeason 1Highest gain3 million rosesThe annual output of tomatoes is the highest per hectare500 t, greenhouse flowers and vegetables expo

28、rted to EuropeCountries 2.Faitefem USES a completely computer-controlled plant to control the lettuceFrom planting to harvesting26 d. UtahTo plant wheat in plant factoriesIt is not in full growth2 months, 1 year can be4 5 times. The United States has an agricultural biological intelligence machineFu

29、lly automatic factory farming facilities operated by the operatorIn less than20 m 3 spaceA continuous cycle of food can feed a person2.The darekard facility agricultural engineering company has developed a method to plant fruit treesSuccess has now been achieved. This method doesnt workThe fruit tre

30、es were planted in the soilInstead, insert the cuttings into a branch of a rubber pipeThe synthetic nutrient solution is transported to various branches through rubber tubing, eachA branch can blossom like a treeAnd the results and yields are very high1 year can be harvested3 -Five times, it can be

31、manufactured for the whole year,Always the first47 wan chenggangFactory farming -The hope of agriculture in the new centuryPrevious experiments with apple branches, pear branches and peach branches have been successful2.Us, Japan, Britain, the Netherlands and other factories have also developed the

32、mushrooms,There are many mushroom factoriesMore than 10,000 m2, it can be planted every year-MrOver 6 cycles, each periodic contract20 d, mushrooms25 27 kg m 2 2.These crops are generally needed from plant to harvest50 -60 d 4. theseThe most advanced is the biosphere, which is based in Tucson, Arizo

33、naNo. 2Its a building area112 hm 2Special building112 mIncluding wheat, potatoes, beans, vegetables and so onIts production is all closed,It simulates earths oceans, rainforests, savannahs, desert regions, bushlands, temperate grasslands and worksWe have learned,Intensive farming areasPlant factorie

34、s,Food production in the biosphere is higher than on earthThe United States conducted experiments on space plants,The wheat is enough for one person, the maize plant is only 40In addition, the crops such as mung beans, beans and potatoes have been tested successfully, and 2 is enough. 16 times 4, pe

35、ople living in the ring for seven years produce food and self-sufficiency,Initial success. To survive in space for the long termThe latest technology makes it smallWheat growing10000 strains,M - 2, 2 -50 cm will be ripeTomatoes per square meterKind of100 -120 strains; Currently supportedOne man live

36、s and eats in spaceThe things,We will strictly implement a comprehensive and effective control environmentAdopt advanced plant engineering technology,The whole process of production from sowing to harvesting is continuous and highly automated and streamlinedTo achieve continuous production throughou

37、t the yearIts completely out of the wayLimitations of natural conditions.The rise of Chinese facilities agricultureChina has a long history of facilities cultivationBut modern facilities start lateSince the reform and opening up, facility cultivation has developed rapidlyFirst of allIt is good for g

38、overnments at all levels to attach importance to the vegetable basket project.To build a series of greenhouse and greenhouse.Since the 90sThe comparative effect of flowersProfit is very high, so a set of facilities to cultivate flower heat, fresh cut flowers every yearIts increasing at 35 percentAll

39、 over the world to build solar greenhouses or from the stateCut flowers out of the greenhouse. nearlyIn the past 20 years, the garden has developed rapidly in our countryto1997 includes big, middle and small booths,The national facility cultivation area has been reached1 millionHm 2, the total area

40、is the largest in the worldThe cultivation area of vegetable and flower facilities86.17 millionHm 2;Large and medium small sheds account for a larger proportion of cultivation facilitiesBecause of the low production rate of the small shed, the homework is inconvenientAnd the intensity of laborSo its

41、 going down year by yearFalling trendAnd conventional solar greenhouses and energy-saving solar greenhouses are soaring, 1984 -In 1997, general solar greenhouses01.37 millionHm 2 increaseto71.82 millionHm 2, growthMore than 20 times; Energy-saving sunlight greenhouse by01.03 millionHm 2 expands to14

42、1.13 millionHm 2, growthMore than 470 times5.Common daylight greenhouse and energy-saving solar greenhouse are the products of Chinese characteristicsFor decades, it has been continuously improving the construction structure and environmental regulationTechnology and cultivation techniquesIn the nor

43、thern latitudes40 More than 41 cold regionIn the case of no artificial heating or only a small amount of heating,In the winter season, fruits and vegetables and flowers are producedAnd went public on New Years day, out of a factory agriculture with Chinese characteristicsExhibition road3 was praised

44、 by its foreign peers. But we should be soberly aware that our country is still very poor in this respect with foreign advanced levelChinas facility agriculture has developed rapidly in recent yearsIt has played an important role in raising farmers incomes and getting rich out of poverty. Single fro

45、mstatisticallyChina has a large agricultural area, the total area of the world50 percent, but in many ways we are not able to go abroadCompared with shi, our country farmers simple big shed, steel tube big shedThere are only a few yuan and dozens of yuan per square meterIts just a few dozen solar gr

46、eenhousesYuan toFor 100 yuan, cheaper Israeli modern plastic greenhouse requires investment per square meter500 yuan; And the U.S. greenhouse is just a coverA hard plastic sheet of carbonatePer square meter190 yuan 6. Therefore, our agricultural facilities are not the same as the advanced agricultur

47、al facilities in foreign countriesLanguage. The solar greenhouse in China has the advantage of energy savingBut the disadvantages are also obviousCompared with modern greenhouse, environmental control level and productivity waterPing is also lowerLand use is also lowIt is only suitable for the curre

48、nt level of rural economic development in ChinaTherefore in equipment, technology, management andIndustrialization should catch up with the advanced level of developed countriesWe still have a long way to go.4. The beginning and exploration of factory agriculture in ChinaTo learn and learn from the

49、advanced technology of industrial agriculture in developed countriesFrom the Netherlands, the United States, Israel, France, Japan and so on11A large number of greenhouses have been introduced in a countryThe introduction of heatThe worlds major producer houses are available in China.In 1994 the nat

50、ionalModern large-scale greenhouse area50 hm 2. 1995 -The modern greenhouse was introduced in 1999200 hm 2, and theres a lot of it 28 nanjing agricultural and technical journalIn 2001 the firstPhase 1Introduction plan to be implemented. At present, the large greenhouse area of national modernization

51、 is about400 hm 2, 5 years of modern large-scale greenhouse area growthEight times 5.Such asIn 1995, the forestry system introduced seedling greenhouse from Holland3 840 m 2, built in fujian fuqing, sanming and longyan city7. 1996 Shanghai citationIn the Netherlands, Israel, French greenhouse total

52、area is150000 m 2, the largest set in Shanghai huixin modern horticulture field, covers an area of100000 m 2;In 1996, Ricky corporation of France built a greenhouse in our country1119 million m 2, distributed in Shanghai, Beijing, kunming and other places7. In 1998, south agriculture was introducedF

53、at dragon greenhouse5, 000 m 2 for the teaching, scientific research and production management of potted plants, fresh cut flowers and foliage plants. These are the introduction of greenhouse technologiesHigh amount ofMake it reach the average greenhouse of 10The introduction of greenhouse has been

54、developed for many years abroad.In mechanized operations,Temperature is easy to control,Can regulate the environmentThe application of computer management, high production efficiencyConstruction area of 1,320 mUsing computer to control greenhouse temperature, ventilation, lighting and nutrient compo

55、nents, etc. 20 times, nissan vegetables 5tTechnically sophisticated, such asIn 1997, shenzhen and Canada formed a joint venture of green and long vegetableGreenhouse, which USES Canadas deep.It is.Total investmentUs $5.6 millionThe first phase of the projectUs $2.6 million2,Pond floatation vegetable

56、 technology,High quality, highSpeed up the production of vegetables, 7Compare with the sunlight greenhouse in our countryBecause of the large space,Labor productivity more than doubledThe utilization of land has been improvedMore than 40%, daylighting is goodIndoor shadows are lowAnd the temperature

57、 pointsCloth evenlyThe crops grow neatlyBig production potential2. But look everywhereThere are also many questions about the introduction of greenhouseFirst, the problem of greenhouse designThe Dutch greenhouse is suitable for Dutch climateHolland is in northern EuropeThe latitude is very high, but

58、Influenced by the Gulf StreamWinter and warm summer cool; The disadvantage is that the winter sun is short, minimum daily2 h, the sun is weakSo Dutch temperatureThe room is designed to have a good, closed and tight glass greenhouseThe summer production of the sunshine is the largest in the whole yea

59、rWhile winter is leisure8.Dutch greenhouses introduce east ChinaHigh temperature and humidity in summer are not easy to solveIn winter, the glass surface is hot, insulated and energy intensiveAnd the shadowSound use benefits. Like the Israeli greenhousesIsrael is located on the east side of the Medi

60、terraneanClimate droughtGreat difference in temperature,Hot resources are goodSeason,The change is not obviousTherefore, the Israeli greenhouse does not need to use the top window to get wetIts ok to have the plastic membraneUse side Windows and fans at homeThe cooling effect is very good; But Israeli greenhouses are used in eastern ChinaBecause of the diffic