HydraC测汞仪介绍PPT课件

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1、1Hydra C2Direct Analysis of Hg by Thermal DecompositionHydra C3Hydra C - Principle of Operation Solid or liquid samples are weighed and introduced in the Hydra C The sample is initially dried and then thermally decomposed in an oxygen flow Combustion products are carried off and further decomposed i

2、n a hot catalyst bed Mercury vapors are trapped on a gold amalgamator and subsequently desorbed for quantitation The mercury content is determined using atomic absorption4Hydra C System SchematicDecomposition FurnaceCatalyst FurnaceDryingTubeAmalgam FurnaceAbsorption CellsHigh Sensitivity Low Sensit

3、ivity50-900 C600 CDelay TubeO2 Supply5Calibration Options for Calibration Aqueous standards Certified Reference Materials Mass-based Measurements Use different amounts of same standardto generate calibration curve Use different standards6 EPA Method 7473Reference Method Validation7Characteristics of

4、 Method 7473 The method has a dynamic range that spans approximately four orders of magnitude Instrumental detection limit for this method is 0.01ng total mercury. Method 7473 is designed for the determination of mercury in solids, aqueous samples, and digested solutions in both the laboratory and f

5、ield environments. Total analysis time of most samples is less than five minutes in either the laboratory or field setting.8Benefits of This Approach Direct determination of Hg at trace levels with solid or liquid samples No time consuming and complex sample digestion step No wet chemistry pre-treat

6、ment step Eliminates toxic waste disposal Fast, approximately 5 minutes per sample Sample matrix independent analysis Use one calibration for most sample types Use standard operating conditions for most sample types Run multiple sample types automatically without operator intervention Validated resu

7、lts (US EPA method 7473) for solid and liquid matrices9In Contrast Standard CVAA Requires Strong acids Sulfuric & nitric acid Aqua Regia Oxidants Potassium Permanganate/ Potassium Persulfate Bromine Monochloride Reductants Stannous Chloride Sodium or Potassium Borohydride10CVAA Sample Digestion11Dir

8、ect Analysis12Method 7473 SW-846 Applicable for: Soils Sediments Geologicals Coal Foundry scrap Plastics Sewage/ Sludge Blood Paints Animal Tissues Marine Tissues Tobacco Vegetation Cement13ASTM Method 672214The Hydra C15Hydra CMajor components Autosampler Thermal Decomposition Furnace Atomic Absorp

9、tion Spectrophotometer System Controller/ Computer16Hydra C - System View17Hydra C Design PhilosophyMajor Shift in Philosophy Designed to be user installed Installation instructions provided on a video iPod Selling benefit is that the user gets to keep a high end video iPod Leeman China would save t

10、ime and travel costs associated with installation Designed to be user serviced Leeman China would ship replacement modules Again saving time and travel expenses associated with the warranty or service repair Independent USB communication to each module Simplifies repair and testing If you choose to

11、adopt this philosophy, we will provide a limited number of sets of exchange modules at favorable pricing. 18Modular Design Modular Design Provides System versatility Upgradability User can purchase a manual system Add autosampler when needed User can purchase an AA based system Add fluorescence dete

12、ction if needed Easy depot repair19Hydra C20Hydra C - AA SpectrometerHigh Sensitivity CellLow Sensitivity CellFolding MirrorsLamp ModuleReference Cell21Hydra C -Absorption Cells & Lamp22Dryer / Amalgamator ModuleGold Amalgamation TrapNafion DryerInterface to Control BoardInterface to Furnace 23Combu

13、stion Furnace and Catalyst Combustion ZoneCatalyst ZoneSample InletHgo and H2O Out24Furnace & Autosampler Modules25Autosampler Module 70 Samples26Easy Access Furnace and Catalyst27Easy Access Furnace and Catalyst28Hydra C Software29Hydra C - Software Navigation Panel Application Tabs Method Sequence

14、 Analysis30Boot / Log In Screen31Instrument Control32Calibration/ Low Level33Diagnostics34Standards35Sequences36Results Display37Detailed Sample Info38Reporting39Recalculation40Scheduled Maintenance41Service Modules42Aqueous CalibrationHg in 10% HNO3 (w/w)43Standard Reference MaterialsSAMPLE No.Cert

15、ificateMeasuredRecoveryTissue (ppm)(ppm) (%) Bovine Liver15770.0160.0178111.7Blood Lypho 19.69.0894.8 Lypho 23935.590.9 Lypho 37366.791.4Marine DogfishDorm-24.644.3493.5DogfishDolt-21.991.7990Oyster Tissue15660.0570.061107 Sediments & Soils 84060.060.061101.7 27091.41.52108.6Coal HC-351500.1760.1771

16、00.644Hydra C Lockout Points Pressure sensing Guarantees reproducible seal Balance check Guarantees sample loading Real-time temperature display Guarantees accurate temperature control Limitless sampling Program as many racks as desired Double Beam Optics45Pressure Check on Injector Seal46Checks Dur

17、ing Sample AnalysisNafion TemperatureOxygen flowrateBalance check47Hydra C Lockouts (cont.) Moisture removal Required for future AF capability Precision stepper motors Smooth-running, reproducible sample transport Catalyst replacement without tools Easy to maintain Amalgam replacement without tools

18、Easy to maintain48Competition49The Players Milestone DMA-80 Leco AMA 254 Nippon MA-2000 SC Lumex Pyro-915 & RA-915+50Milestones DMA-8051Milestone DMA-80 40-position autosampler Pneumatic motion control Prone to overheating RTI Service issues Consol Shorter optical cell 500uL capacity Optics heated t

19、o eliminate condensation52DMA-80 Specifications53Pricing54Leco AMA-25455Leco AMA-25456Leco AMA-254 500mg sample capacity 45 sample locations in autosampler Autosampler alignment tricky Optics heated to eliminate condensation 57Leco AMA-254 Specifications58Nippon -SP-3D -MA-200059Nippon MA-2000 60MA-

20、2000 Requires no oxygen or other supply gas Needs buffers (A or B) for decomposition of various matrices. Uses large ceramic boats Heavy boat means more sample must be deposited for comparable accuracy. Also available with reduction system MA-2000 SC61Lumex62Lumex ProductsCombustion configuration63R

21、A-915+ Analyzer with Pyro-915 Attachment Portable, ideal for field testing Equipped with Zeeman correction Does NOT provide amalgamation Not really compliant with Method 7473 Only available in manual mode Requires no gas supply Sample size 100mg Maximum concentration 10ppm Recommended for stack sorb

22、ents CVAAS accessory available64Lumex Specifications65CVAAS ConfigurationRP-91 packed for transport66Emissions MonitoringAfter much internal discussion, EPA believes that a sorbent trap system could potentially serve as an alternative reference method for Hg emission testing and RATA applications, i

23、f it can be adequately demonstrated that the method does not have an inherent measurement bias when compared to the OH method, and if sufficiently rigorous quality-assurance (QA) procedures are developed and followed when the system is used in the field. In view of this, EPA requests comment on how

24、such a demonstration might be made and what QA procedures would be appropriate. In anticipation that a viable reference method using sorbent trap technology may be developed in the near future, the Agency is also proposing to add language to 75.22(a)(7), which would allow an other suitable reference

25、 method approved by the Administrator to be used for Hg emission testing and RATAs. 40 CFR Parts 72 and 75 Revisions to the Continuous Emissions Monitoring Rule for the Acid Rain Program, NOX Budget Trading Program, the Clean Air Interstate Rule, and the Clean Air Mercury Rule; Proposed Rule.67Clean

26、 Air Mercury RuleSUMMARY: In this document, EPA is finalizing the Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) and establishing standards of performance for mercury (Hg) for new and existing coal-fired electric utility steam generating units (Utility Units), as defined in Clean Air Act (CAA) section 111. The amend

27、ments to CAA section 111 rules would establish a mechanism by which Hg emissions from new and existing coal-fired Utility Units are capped at specified, nation-wide levels. A first phase cap of 38 tons per year (tpy) becomes effective in 2010, and a second phase cap of 15 tpy becomes effective in 20

28、18. Facilities must demonstrate compliance with the standard by holding one allowance for each ounce of Hg emitted in any given year. Allowances are readily transferrable among all regulatedfacilities. Such a cap-and-trade approach to limiting Hg emissions is the most cost-effective way to achieve t

29、he reductions in Hg emissions from the power sector.68Hydra C Specifications69Hydra C SpecificationsPrinciples : Atomic Absorption withThermal DecompositionSource of light : Low pressure mercury lamp Apparatus control : External PC Computer Sys.Hg wavelength : 253,65 nm Detectors : UV enhanced Photo

30、diodes (2)Detection limit : 0.01 ng Hg Working ranges : Automatic scale change Dynamic range 0,05 ng 500 ng Hg Repeatability : 1.5 % 10ng HgAverage Analysis time : 5 minutes Sample Treatment : Drying time : Decomposition time : Waiting time : Adjustable from : 1 999 s 1 999 s 1 999 s Calibration : N

31、umber of standards : Standard solution or CRMMin. 2 (blank & high), Max 3370Hydra C Specifications (cont.)Sample type Liquid or solid Maximum Injection volume 500l (refractory boat), 1000 l (nickel boat)Maximum sample weight 500 mg (refractory boat), 1000 mg (nickel boat)Pre-concentration capability

32、 10 time maximum Carrier gas : Input pressure : Flow: Oxygen 20 kPa 200 ml/min Energy consumption Maximum (W): Standby (W): 400W 100WDimensions w/AS(mm): Weight (kg) w/AS: 470Wx 457Dx 470H 20 kg Autosampler (AS)Number of sample 70 with small or large boatsSample types Liquid or solidOthersPower: 110

33、/220 VAC, 50/60 Hz Operating conditions: Temperature : Relative humidity : 16 35 C max. 80 % non-condensing71Sales Training Conclusions The potential for growth with the Hydra C is substantial. International interest and opportunity The technique has several powerful attractions to the analytical co

34、mmunity. Rapid sample turnaround, usually less than 5 minutes from the receipt of sample until results are available. Versatile- Run all types of samples from a single calibration Simple analysis with no sample preparation or dilution calculation. Safe- No corrosive reagents to be handled Inexpensiv

35、e- No hazardous waste to dispose. Sample amount needed for analysis is modest.72We have an opportunity to capture a significant portion of this available market.Problems with competitive products Software limitations and limited workstation hardware (Milestone). Transport mechanism jams (Milestone)

36、Limited access to catalyst and gold trap (Milestone) Overheating (Milestone) High concentration samples (Milestone) Use of buffers (Nippon) Autosampler misalignment (Leco)Sales Training Conclusions73Marketing LiteratureTo introduce the Hydra C we will need to complete the following marketing tasks:P

37、ress ReleasesE-blasts Topics for several e-mail transmissions Application Notes for key sample types Mailer/ Cover tip/ Advertisement Photoshoot Brochure for Hydra CWebsite on-goingVideos for sales, training & installation74Hydra C Pricing End User Manual System (no A/S, no Bal) $26,500 Automated System (inc. A/S, no Bal) $33,000 Automated System (inc. A/S + Bal)$35,000 Prices to LTC Manual System$19,875 Automated System w/o Bal$24,750 Automated System w/Bal$26,250