上海牛津知识点总结

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1、、单词精讲1. opinion / / n. 想法，看法，意见 词组： in one s opinion. In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.2. responsibility / / n. 责任拓展：adj. be responsible for 对负责. My father is responsible for a big store in Shanghai.response n. 3. death / n. 死，死亡拓展： v. die ofdie fromdie (died, died) v. 死；凋零dea

2、d adj. 无生命的，呆板的dying adj. 临终的，垂死的4. respect/ v. 尊重，慎重对待拓展： respectable adj. 5. faithfully/adv. 忠实地，忠诚地拓展： faith n. 信仰，信任 adj. Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward.译： We are faithful listeners to the program.译： 6. mess/n. 杂乱，粪便. The house is a mess. 这个房间又脏又乱。拓展：a mess of 一大堆；把弄糟in a m

3、ess 乱糟糟，一团糟. Ive made such a mess of my life.There are many reasons why the economy is in such a mess.7. extremely/adv. 极其，非常拓展： extreme adj. 极端的，偏激的n. 极端，极其偏激的事物8. unhappy/adj. 不快乐的，悲伤的拓展：反义词： 副词： happiness n. 否定前缀 un, 加在名词，形容词，副词之前如 : unfinished （ 未完成的 ）; undoubted （ 无疑的 ）; unhappy （ 不快乐的 ）否定前缀 in

4、, 加在形容词，名词之前如： incorrect （ 不正确的 ）， inability （ 无能 , 无力 ）， inaccurate （ 不准确的 ）im 一加在字母 m，b，P 之前 如： impossible（ 不可能的 ）， impolite（ 不礼貌的 ）9. surprised/ adj. 感到惊讶的拓展：be surprised at 因.感到惊讶同义词： amazed ，shockedsurprising 令人惊讶的同类的词： 10. shocked/ /adj. 震惊的 . The little boy was shocked by the fall.11. certain

5、/ /adj. 一定（量）的 拓展： be certain of / about sth.be certain of doing sthbe certain that / if/whether. Are you certain about thatOur team is certain of winning.I m certain that it s not your fault.13. goldfish/ /n. 金鱼 合成词： n. + n. = n.举例： 14. apologize/ /v. 道歉搭配： apologize for apologize to sb.词转： n. Make

6、 an apology for sth.因某事而道歉. He made an apology for what he said.15. review/ /n. （书刊、电影等的）评论；v. 回顾，检查二、Phrases 词组1from side to side从左到右 side by side 肩并肩地；一起2grow up 成长；长大3. according to 据(所说)同义句： It s said by4. care for 关爱拓展：take care of 照顾; look aftercare about 喜欢5. as a result 因此；结果拓展： result from

7、起因于6. stopfrom阻止某事发生stop to do sth .stop doing sth .7. right now 立即；马上同义词： immediately adv. at oncee. g We should start work right now.When he heard the news, he rushed out of the room immediately.8. Whats more 而且e. g. Whats more ，most people in modern cities live in flats9. pay for 为付钱e.g.I have to

8、 pay 150 dollars for the sewing machine.其他表示“花费”的词(1) spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb) spend some money some time on sth(sb)spend some moneysome time(in)doing sth. I spent fifty yuan on the coat=I spent fifty yuan(in)buying the coat (2) take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“ it ”或物句式是：It takes took sb some time t

9、o do sth= Sth takes sb some time . It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses The work will take me two days (3) pay 为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sbpays some money for sth或 pay sb (some money for sth)eg. I paid fifty yuan for the coatHow much did you pay him(4) cost 的主语必须是某物。sth cost (sb.)some mone

10、y 。The dictionary cost me $20 10. not only but also 不但而且连接主语时，谓语动词应和邻近的主语保持一致。相似的有：neither nor；either or 例句： He is not only a scientist but also a photographer.No only he but also his pare nts like collect ing stamps.,and its wonderful三、课文精讲1. Its nice to pick them up and hold them in oar armsto see

11、 them grow ing upe. g . It s nice to know that somebody appreciates what I do【知识拓展】it作形式主语主要用于下列两种情况1 . It+ is /was+ adj . / n .（形容词或名词）+to do sth .e. g . It is a good idea to think this way .It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.2. It + v . + to do sth .It took us three years to complete

12、 the project.2 . Young people can lear n how to care for others and how to respect allliv ing thi ngs by keep ing a pet dog.Please show us how to do that .3. A small number of pet dogs even bite people.a number of“许多”； a small number of“一小部分”；a large nu mber of例句：A nu mber of people have already vis

13、ited the Expo Site.【辨析】 a number of与 the number ofA number of 表示“一批；一些；许多”；是不定数量词，如同a lot of, lotsof, several, some 一样。因此，“ a number + 复数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用复数例句：There were a large number of people in the room. The number of表示“的数（目）”，the number是中心词，其谓语动词必须用单数。例: The number of people in the room is large.4

14、. This may make the dogs feel extremely unhappy.1）makefeel “使感到”，这种结构是动词后跟不带的不定式相同用法的表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词（使役动 词）主要有：例句：Let me introduce myself.2） feel , look , sou nd , smell , taste等连系动词后面跟形容词。例: Ann looks beautiful.5. paying for dog food and visit ing the vet can be expensive.1）pay for“支付”，常用句型结

15、构为:somebody pay money forsometh ing例句：2）can be 表示现在或将来的可能性。例句： 3）【辨析】 can be, may be, might be, must be它们都可以用来表示可能性，但语气强弱有所不同。must be语气最强,表示可能性最大；其次是 can be 和 may be ; might be 语气最弱，表 示可能性最小。巩固练习I. 选择合适的单词或短语来代替划线部分。A. As said byB. went awayC. veryD. depart forE. pleasureF. said()1. It was claimed t

16、hat some doctors were working 80 hours a week.()2. We were extremely busy before the exam in ati on.()3. It is full of enjoyment to go skating on real ice.()4. According to the weather report, it is going to rain this after noon.()5. A: When will you be back B: Ileave for ome in three days.II. 用所给单词

17、的适当形式填空。1. The pla ne Ian dedat last after flyi ng in the storm for aboutone hour. (safe)2. Please read the passageand the n finish the exercises. (care)3. Somethi ng is wrong with my foot. I have to walk. (slow)4. , we weren t caught in the heavy rain last night. (luck)5. Look! The famous actress i

18、s dancing veryat the party.(beautiful)6. George felt very sad at the of his father. (die)7. The storm last night was quite (fright); we were all greatly(fright) by it.8. Students should spend some time doing at home every dayafter school. (review)9. “ Do you have any ” asked the sales manager. (comp

19、lain)10. Every one was to death in the big fire. (shock)11. -Madam, do you mind my smok ing here- not. (certain)12. To the visitors great surprise, the people there show disagreeme ntby their heads. (nod)13. You speak too (loud). Would you say it a little more softly14.lt s said that perhaps there u

20、sed to be things on Mars.(life)15. The children enjoyed at the party last night. (they)四、语法一）、情态动词的被动语态I、定义：含有情态动词的被动语态用来说明某人或某物被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。例：1. Many trees should be pla nted in the mou nta in s.应该在山上种许多树。2. You can take this book home.（改为被动语态）t This book can be take n home （by you）.3. This prob

21、lem can t be worked out very easily.这道题轻易算不出来。4. Must the work be done at once这项工作必须立即完成吗II、含情态动词被动语态的构成根据上述例子填写下列空格A. 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+及物动词的 。B. 含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，要把主动语态的 成被动语态的主语。C. 变为否定句时只需要在情态动词后加 D. 变为一般疑问句时只需把到句首。III、句式变换含有情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均需借助于情态动词来完成。1. 一般疑问句。直接将被动语态的陈述句中的情态动词提到句首。例如

22、： This work must be done right now.t Must this work be done right nowHis homework should be finished before six.t Should his homework be finished before six2. 特殊疑问句。由疑问词加上含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句构成。例如： Where can the book be found这本书在什么地方能被找到呢When must my homework be handed in我的作业必须什么时候交3. 反意疑问句。附加问句部分要用“情态

23、动词 + 主语”。例如： This book shouldnetakt ebn out of the library, should it这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗4. 否定句。在情态动词后面加上 not 即可。例如： Fourteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive. 十四岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。【 Note 】 对于含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答，一般应保留原句中的情态动词，但 must 表“必须”时，其否定回答应用 needn t 。例如： Should my homework be finished today我的作业应在

24、今天完成吗Yes, it should. / No, it shouldn是的，应在今天完成。/不，不应在今天完成。他的练习本必须立即上交 Must his exercise book be handed in right nowYes, it must. / No, it n eed n是的，必须立即上交。/不，不必立即上交。二）、副词副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。I、副词的位置：1）在动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very cl

25、early a stra nge light ahead of us.b. 方式副词 well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks En glish well.II、副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。（错）I very like En glish.（对）I like En glish very much.畐寸词enou

26、gh要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可I dont know him well eno ugh.There is eno ugh food for every one to eat.There is food eno ugh for every one to eat.III、副词的构成方法：大多数副词都是由“形容词+后缀-ly ”构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly 等。形容词变副词规则： .在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slo

27、wly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly .以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily .某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently注意：friendly; motherly; lovely ，weekly ，lively 等词是形容词而非副 ?词。 .英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, h

28、igh, long, near, straight, well等。判断下列单词的词性：the high jump 跳高项目（ ） to jump high 跳得高 （）a fast car行得快的汽车（）to drive fast 开快车（）an early riser早起的人(to get up early 起得早()a straight line 直线 ()Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。() .副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来，如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.) .部分名词加后缀也可变成副词，如:part-partly 。例：It is partly

29、her fault. 有部分是她的错。注：frien dly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词。练习巩固一、选择题1. trees usually in AprilA. Have, pla ntedB. Are, pla ntedC. Do , pla ntD. Were ,pla nted2. When we got there , the broken road repaired .A. is beingB. was beingC. has bee nD. /3. The windows of the room once a week .A. has bee n cl

30、ea nedB. is clea nedC. are clea nedD. areclea ning4. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D.covered with5. The young tree the stick .A. should be tied toC. should tie toB. must be tied byD. can be tied with6. A present me by my friend on my birth

31、day .D. will giveA. is givi ngB. was give n toC. is give n forto7. By was the book A. who , wroteC. whom , writte n8. Films about crime and viole nee childre n .B. whom , writeD. whom , writ ing（暴力与犯罪） by you ngA. should not seeB. should be not see nC. should not be see nD. should be see n long .9.

32、In warm weather fruit and meatA. can t be keptB. don t keep C. is not keptD.aren t keeping10. Half the worldA. are mademades teleph one calls in En glish .B. are mak ingC. makeD. is11. That building now .A. is buildi ngB. is builtC. is being builtD. builds12. The trees in our school every Friday aft

33、er noon .waterA. are wateredB. are wateri ngC. have wateredD.13. M ore“ Great Green Walls” mustall over the world .A. buildB. are builtC. be build ingD. be built14. His school bagby a woman ten minutes ago .A. took awayB. was take n awayC. was take n offD. is take n15. Itthat shevery clever .A. was

34、said , isB. was said , wereC. is said , isD. is said , is bei ng16. Yesterday a visitorsomethi ng about his hometow n.A. was askedB. was ask ingC. is askedD. asked17. If you are not free today, come ano ther dayA. tooB. soC. in steadD. yet18. He cant tell us,I thi nk.A. importa nt anythingB. any thi

35、 ng importa ntC. importa nt someth ingD. someth ing importa nt.19. The light in the office was ntfor him to read.A. eno ugh brightB. bright eno ughC. brightlyD. enoughbrightly20. You must keep your eyes whe n you do eye exercises.C. closedD.openedA. closeB. ope n21. Dont worry, sir. Im sure I can ru

36、n to catch up with them.A. slowly enoughB. enough slowlyC. fast enoughD. enough fast22. The text is very easy for you. There are new words in it.A. a fewB. a littleC. few D. little23. Mingming got up very ,so he came to school half an hourA. late; lately B. lately; late C. lately; lately D. late;lat

37、e24. I am worried about y parents healthy conditions.A. some times B. sometime C. sometimes D. sometimes25. A accident happened at 7:30 . said the policeman .A. serious, serious B. seriously, seriouslyC. seriously, serious D. serious, seriously26. The cake smells . Please throw it away.A. goodB. bad

38、ly C. badD. well27. - What was the weather like yesterday- It was terrible. It rained so that people could goout.A. hardly hardB. hardly hardlyC. hard hardlyD. hard hard28. - Dad, when will you be free You agreed to go to the seaside withme four days ago.-I am sorry, Jea n. But I think I will have a

39、holiday soon.A. four-daysB. four-dayC. four daysD.four day二.用正确的时态和语态填空1. Nearly everybody here (know ) when the old museum (build ).2. The building can (see) from every part of the city ; It (build ) many years ago .3. Yesterday Tom (tell ) me that his bike (break ) last week .4. The students often

40、 (tell) to take care of their desks andchairs .5. Now he (be ) asked if the meeting (hold ) next Friday .6. It is known to all that the moon (turn ) round the earth .7. Miss Li often (use) a recorder in her English class . But she _(not use ) it tomorrow .8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits (sell) in th

41、is shop .9. English (speak ) here .10. The song (like ) by us all twenty years ago .11. The pictures (take ) by Jack tomorrow .12. The computer (can use) in the room .13. The room(paint ) now .14. The novel (translate ) into many Ianguages since it waspublished .15. That clock (call) Big Ben .16 . J

42、enny s parents were talking in the sitting room when Icame backhome. (an gry)17. Jim said that he could solve the problem by himself.(easy)18. It was of me to have made so many spelling mistakes inthe articl. (care )19. Boys and girls, watchand try to find out somethi ngstra nge.(care)20. Our gover

43、nment is trying to make sure the stude nts go to school byschool bus.(safe)21. In spri ng many birds fly over the lake. (beautiful)22. The Xin hua News Age ncy says the preside nt made anspeech at the welcome party. (attract)23. If you an swer this questi on, you will get the first prize.(correct)24. Mary willbe a reporter in the future because she is goodat writi ng.(possible)精心搜集整理，请按实际需求再行修改编辑，因文档各种差异排版需调整字体属性及大小