凤凰国际英语托福综合写作problemsolution

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1、Problem Solution Business Jack 模板1：solution The reading passage mentions a couple of reasons as to _. The professor provides a couple of solutions for _. The first problem the reading mentions is that _. So the professor believes that _. also, _ (提供更多细节或论据) Another problem leading to _ is that _. Th

2、erefore, the professor suggests that _. Additionally, _. (提供更多细节或论据) In conclusion, _. 模板2：support The lecture apparently reinforces the points illustrated in the reading material. According to the professor, _. Meanwhile, the reading contends a similar stand that_. The first point the professor use

3、s to enhance the reading is that_, which is just the same as the statement in the reading that_. Another evidence the speaker adopts to bolster the passage is_. Likewise, the reading states that_. In the conclusion, the point made in the lecture gives a boost to what is presented in the reading. As

4、the professor claims, _which is in accordance with the reading material holds that_.Solution 1Education Reading Nowadays, many universities are raising their students tuition. In some cases, the raises are quite substantial. While many students are not pleased with these increase, there are some leg

5、itimate reasons for the hikes. First, universities are constantly striving to upgrade their educational quality. Since fewer people are attending college these days, schools must fight for all the students they can get. One ideal way to attract students is to ensure that the school provides them wit

6、h an outstanding education. Also, by increasing the schools academic rank, the school will attract more students and better ones. Since it costs money to enhance the quality of education, the schools budget must increase. Therefore, tuition must also go up. Reading Second, many universities are find

7、ing themselves short of cash these days. This is particularly true of state universities, which often depend upon the state for the majority of their budgets. Unfortunately, many states are cutting general funding to schools. Most particularly hard hit are the funds for the general management of the

8、 university. While not necessarily a glamorous job, it is crucial to the well-being of the school. Without sufficient general management funds, many schools would be facing serious problems, so they need to compensate for the lost funds in other ways. It is therefore obvious why schools are increasi

9、ng tuition every year Words Tuition Tuition fee Legitimate Hike Strive to Budget Well-being Note for reading University tuition increases 1. Need to improve school to attract students Must provide quality education - costs more money Must increase schools academic rank - need higher budget 2. Are of

10、ten short of cash State universities getting funding cut - must make up for lost cash General management losing funds - schools facing serious problems Summary for reading Even though students at universities are not pleased about tuition increases, the schools have some good reasons for doing so. F

11、irst, they have to improve themselves academically to attract more students, especially since fewer students are going to college nowadays. This requires money. So does raising the schools academic ranking, which will in turn attract better students to the school. Also, a lot of schools receive fund

12、ing from various states. However, they are receiving less funding nowadays. Also, the general management departments at these schools need enough money to run properly, or else the school will suffer. The schools therefore need to raise tuition to get more money. Lecture Im sure many of you just got

13、 your tuition bills, and I know that most of you werent pleased. Tuition went up by 5% this year for the fifth year in a row. Running a college is getting to be expensive, but there are a few ways to offset this without raising your fees. Everyone wants to improve our schools quality. But, you know,

14、 money isnt totally necessary to do this. For example, we should be looking at ourselves to improve our school. Take professors, for example. We could augment the quality of our lectures as well as develop better curriculums. And you, the students, could perform better both at school and after gradu

15、ation. That would help increase our schools ranking without us spending much money or raising tuition. Heres another idea, especially for engineering or science-heavy schools like ours. We should seek close ties with corporations. Why should we do this? Well, both of us will benefit. First, well get

16、 free state-of-the-art facilities, which both students and faculty will be able to use. And second, the corporation will get the inside track on recruiting our students to work for them once they graduate. And the corporations will know the students got an excellent education because they helped con

17、tribute to it. Its a win-win situation for both parties. Notes for lectureUniversities dont need money to raise quality 1. Other ways to improve schoolProfessors - lecture better and develop better curriculums Students - increase performance in and out of class 2. Ties with corporations Schools get

18、free facilities - useful to students and faculty Companies can recruit new employees from school body Summary for lecture It actually is possible for universities to increase the quality of education that they offer without having to raise students tuition. First, both the faculty and students can i

19、mprove themselves. The faculty can teach and prepare for classes better, and the students can improve their performance as well. These actions should increase the schools academic ranking without a need for a tuition hike. Also, schools should strike agreements with corporation. The corporations can

20、 provide the schools with excellent free facilities. The schools in turn will produce well-educated students that the companies will then be able to recruit much more easily. This will also help schools avoid raising the cost of tuition. Planning Structure:点对点结构点对点结构Introduction Body 1Body 2Conclusi

21、on (optional)Introduction The lecturer states that schools do not have to raise tuition to improve the quality of education they provide for their students. He then gives a couple of explanations as to how they can do this. Body 1 First, responding to the claim that schools need money to improve the

22、ir academic ranking, the lecturer claims that the professors can do a better job of teaching and preparing for class. He also mentions that the students can affect the schools academic rating in a positive manner. They can study harder and get better job. With a better academic rating, the school wi

23、ll then be able to attract better students without having to raise tuition at all. Body 2 Also, since schools are seeing their budgets cut by the state, the professor urges closer ties to businesses. He claims the businesses can supply free facilities for the students to use. These facilities will a

24、lso offset budget losses to the universitys general management funds. The companies will also benefit by getting to hire competent workers when the students graduate. If a school follows the professors suggestion, he believes it will not have to increase its tuition. 2Business In recent years, compa

25、nies have begun noticing that a large percentage of their employees are not waiting until their sixties to retire. Instead, they are opting for early retirement and are leaving the workforce while they are still in their fifties. After conducting several studies, companies have recognized a couple o

26、f reasons for this sudden spate of early retirement by their employees. To begin with, many employees who are in their fifties have been working for the same employer and doing the same jobs for many years or even decades. What happens is that they simply become burned out from doing the same tasks

27、over the over again. Furthermore, they discover that their daily routines are no longer challenging but have instead become incredibly boring for them. Second of all, many older people compare themselves with their companys younger employees. When this comparison happens, the results are typically n

28、ot favorable. Older employees are simply unable to maintain the same pace as younger ones; therefore, the older individuals see themselves accomplishing less work than their young colleagues. In addition, older workers begin to feel as if they are a burden on the company and are not contributing as

29、much as they could. This self-accusing feeling then encourages them to depart their company and take early retirement. Words Opt for spate Burn out Daily routineDepart Self-accusing Notes for reading Early retirement of employees in their fifties 1. Have worked for the same company for many years Be

30、come burned out from doing their jobs Discover their daily routines are boring 2. Compare themselves with younger employees Accomplish less work than younger ones Feel like they are burdens on their companies Summary for reading Companies have long wondered why many of their workers began retiring i

31、n their fifties as opposed to their sixties, and now they have a couple of reasons as to why. First, many elderly employees become bored after doing the same jobs day after day for very long periods of time. They simply quit because they cannot handle the boredom of their work. Second, elderly worke

32、rs recognize that they are being outworked by younger employees, which causes their opinions of their value to the company to decline. Realizing they are not as productive as they could be and that they are weighing down their employers with their presence, they simply quit their jobs. Lecture Now,

33、Id like to continue talking about how society underutilizes its elderly population. As people live longer and longer, it seems like such a waste for people in their fifties simply to retire and do nothing but play golf or go fishing. So let me give you a couple of suggestions. Of course, many elderl

34、y people dont want full-time jobs. However, a large number would be willing to work part-time. This way of working would accomplish a couple of things. First, they wouldnt have to come in every day. This would keep the elderly from getting too worn out to do their jobs. Remember that the elderly hav

35、e less energy. Also, letting them work part-time would keep their minds fresh, which means that they wouldnt become bored with their work. Heres another idea. I know all of you young people think that you know everything, but your experience are nothing compared to those of a fifty or sixty years pe

36、rson. Companies need to do their best to utilize the skills that their older employees have. For example, they could give them a wider range of duties instead of making them repeat the same tasks over and over. And the companies could consult with their elderly employees more often. This effort woul

37、d not only make them feel wanted but draw upon their many years of experience working at the company. Outline for lectureWays to insure elderly employees usefulness 1. Give them part-time jobs Would not have to come in every day - wont get worn out Will have fresh minds - wont become bored 2. Utiliz

38、e their experience Provide them with a wider range of duties Consult them more often - make them feel wanted and can draw upon their experience Summary for lecture The professor believe that it is pointless for people in their fifties to retire and not work anymore, so she provides some suggestions

39、to get people to stop retiring so early. She thinks that instead of working full-time, elderly people should be allowed to work part-time. This measure would keep the employee fresh and eager to do their jobs. Also, companies should try to involve their elderly employees in more activities and ask t

40、hem for their opinions on various things. This effort would give elderly workers the confidence they require and, at the same time, also help their companies by having them rely upon people with many years of experience. Summary Writing: Outline for reference Introduction 1.The reading passage menti

41、ons a couple of reasons as to _2.The professor provides a couple of solutions for _Body 1 3. The first problem the reading mentions is that _. 4. So the professor believes _. 5. Also, working part-time will keep the elderly from _. Body 26. Another problem leading to early retirement is that _. 7. T

42、herefore, the professor suggests that _. 8. Additionally, companies could consult elderly employees _. 9. By doing so, companies could make their older employees feel as though _. Conclusion 10. In conclusion _Summary The reading passage mentions a couple of reasons as to why elderly employees are r

43、etiring in their fifties before they are required to do so. The professor provides a couple of solutions for the problems that were mentioned in the reading passage. The first problem the reading mentions is that employees often retire after getting burned out and bored from repeatedly doing the sam

44、e work. So the professor believes companies should allow elderly employees to work part-time, which will preserve their interest in their jobs. Also, working part-time will keep the elderly from being bored at work and will keep their minds fresh. Another problem leading to early retirement is that

45、elderly employees compare themselves with younger employees and notice that the do les work and are burdening their companies. Therefore, the professor suggests that companies could give their elderly employees many different tasks to do. Additionally, companies could consult elderly employees on a

46、more regular basis and draw upon their many years of experience. By doing so, companies could make their older employees feel as though they are contributing more. In conclusion, while the reading passage mentions a couple of important problems, the professor provides two methods that should effecti

47、vely neutralize these problems and enable the elderly to contribute to their employees while not obligating them to take early retirement. 3Environment Reading Invasive species cause most of the worst problems in local ecosystems. The presence of a new species, particularly one at the top of the foo

48、d chain, can destroy an ecosystem and cause numerous species to become extinct. One species that is causing numerous problems in Americas waterways is the aquatic zebra mussel. Native to Russia, the zebra mussel has recently invaded the Great Lakes and many other American lakes and rivers. The musse

49、ls attach themselves to the bottoms of boats, a convenient method that lets them travel easily. They also often attach themselves to water pipes. This action results in clogged pipes. Some of which are used to bring drinking water to cities. The blocked pipes cost the cities huge amounts of money to

50、 unblock. Also, zebra mussels reproduce so rapidly that they often smother the spawning grounds of various fish and other mussels, thereby prohibiting their growth. Additionally, zebra mussels in North America have very few natural enemies, meaning that it is difficult to eliminate them once they ar

51、e established in a river or lake. Likewise, scientists have yet to discover an environmentally-safe way to kill the zebra mussels. These two facts help contribute to the extremely rapid expansion of the zebra mussels. Should this expansion not be stopped, zebra mussels will soon be causing problems

52、in virtually all of the countrys waterways. Words Ecosystem Food chain Extinct Aquatic zebra musselClog, clogged UnblockEnvironmentally-safe Note for readingInvasive zebra mussels 1. Have left Russia and invaded waterways in United States Clog water pipes - costs lots of money to unblock Reproduce v

53、ery rapidly - smother spawning grounds of other species 2. Are difficult to remove Have few natural enemies No environmentally-safe way to kill them Summary for reading When an invasive species moves into a new environment, it often causes problems for some native species, even causing them to go ex

54、tinct. This is the case for the zebra mussel. Coming from Russia, the mussel rode on boats to get to America. There, it clogs pipes, which are expensive to unblock. Also, it reproduces so rapidly that it covers up the spawning grounds of other species, making these species reproduce more slowly. It

55、is difficult to remove the mussels because they have few natural predators in North America. In addition, there is no environmentally-safe way to kill them. If the mussels are not killed, they will soon expand to all of Americas waterways. Lecture Yes, the zebra mussels is one of the worst invasive

56、species to hit America. Scientists estimate it has cost billions of dollars in damages. While its causing problems, there are a couple of methods that could help mitigate the damage its causing. Let me explain. One, everyone knows zebra mussels moved from Russia to America by traveling on boats. Wel

57、l, there must be better decontamination procedures implemented to kill any mussels found hitchhiking on boats. Before a boat enters a lake or river system, the ships ballast should be sterilized with seawater, which kills the mussels. And the entire ship needs to be checked. Zebra mussels can surviv

58、e out of water for several days, so the anchor chains and other parts out of water need to be decontaminated as well. Two, there are some species of birds and fish that eat zebra mussels. For example, some ducks feed on them. Likewise, croakers, carp, and sturgeon are also their natural predators. T

59、hese species should be introduced to the waterways. Unfortunately, there are not enough of these birds and fish to make an impact on the mussels numbers. Researchers must discover a way quickly to increase the numbers of these species in the hope that they will start to make a dent in the number of

60、mussels. This effort will help control their expansion. Note for lecture How to get rid of zebra mussels 1. Decontaminate ships better (1) Sterilize ships ballast with seawater - kills mussels (2) Check the entire ship b/c mussels can survive out of water 2. Use predators to kill zebra mussels Some

61、birds and fish eat them - will get rid of mussels Researchers need to increase predators numbers Will start to reduce the number of mussels Summary for lecture While the zebra mussel has caused extremely expensive amounts of damage to Americas waterways, there are some ways to control their numbers.

62、 First, crew members on ships can do a couple of things. They can fill the ships ballast with seawater since they will kill them. Also, they should check the entire ship for mussels because they can survive out of water for a few days. In addition, there are some predators that will prey upon the ze

63、bra mussels. These should be introduced to the waterways. Finally, since there are not enough of these predators, people need to make sure they reproduce rapidly. These solutions can then reduce the number of zebra mussels. Summary writing: outlining Introduction 1.The professor talks about differen

64、t ways to _. 2.This is an invasive species from Russia that _. 3.The professor provides _. Body 1 4. First, he notes that _. 5. He mentions this because _. 6. Also, the professor notes that _. 7. This will keep the mussels from _. Body 2 8. Second, the professor notes that _9. While the reading clai

65、ms that _, the professor claims that _. 10. He also thinks _. 11. This will be beneficial because _. Conclusion 12. Although the zebra mussel is causing many problems, the professor seems confident that _ The professor talks about different ways to reduce the number of zebra mussels from Americas wa

66、terways. This is an invasive species from Russia that is causing many problems in Americas rivers. The professor provides a couple of solutions to this infestation problem. First, he notes that all ships entering waterways should be sterilized with seawater, which kills the mussels. He mentions this because mussels often hitch rides on the bottoms of ships. Also, the professor notes that the mussels can survive out of water for days, so crew members should sterilize the entire ship. This will ke