火灾报警外文文献翻译

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1、本科毕业生外文文献翻译 学生姓名：*指导教师：孟洁所在学院：信息技术学院专 业：电气工程及其自动化中国大庆2012年 5 月Automatic fire alarm systemThe traditional electron safe alarm system mainly is through the sensor automatic detection, produces the alarm, sends out the alarm from the scene or reports to the police through the special electric cable nea

2、r distance, thus causes peoples vigilance. Through many years research and the development, the present alarm apparatus may say is the class is multitudinous. As a result of the alarm apparatus rapid development and the social each domain anxious need, can the application domain be more and more man

3、y, specially is rapidly develops in the civil domain. In recent years, the infrared alarm apparatus already became reports to the police a domain hot spot, because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition, there for had the hiding to be good, characteristic and so on security. Theinfrared

4、sensor is different according to the mechanism may divide into the light survey and the hot survey. The light acquisition sensor is uses the photon effect the infrared acquisition aid. This kind of sensor speed of response quick, the sensitivity high, the examination characteristic is good, but need

5、s to cool, uses not conveniently. Moreover the component examination sensitivity and the infrared wave length concern. The hot acquisition sensor is uses hotly releases the electricity effect the infrared acquisition aid. After receives the goal the infrared radiation temperature increment, the temp

6、erature elevates causes the sensor interior certain physical quantities changes, through examination physical quantity change definite infrared emission. This kind of sensor works under the room temperature condition, examination sensitivity also very high, speed of response also very quick, moreove

7、r has nothing to do with the infrared emission wavelength, may survey the power only to receive the background radiation the limit, the application is very convenient. This article designs is the passive form hotly releases the electricity infrared acquisition aid. In the article mainly elaborated h

8、as hotly released the electricity the principle, hotly releases content and so on many alarm circuit which the electric detector the characteristic, the BISS0001 signal processor, 555 timers composed. Finally designed completes has hotly released the electricity infrared detection alarm apparatus th

9、e hardware electric circuit.With the modern family use of fire, electricity consumption increases, the frequency of home fires is getting higher and higher. The family of fire, it is easy to fight does not occur promptly, the lack of fire-fighting equipment and the presence of panic-stricken people,

10、 to escape unfavorable factors, such as retardation, which eventually led to a significant loss of life and property. Explore the characteristics of the family of fire and fire prevention measures.For the prevention of domestic fires, reducing the fire losses have practical significance .In the mode

11、rn urban family, because of lot of people do not understand common sense home security caused by fire, so that the happy family Goog ruined blink of an eye, and some lead to destruction, but the event of household fires, improper disposal, alarm delay is caused so that people should get to know more

12、 about the main causes of household fires, master to prevent the fire of knowledge and in case of fire to protect his or her own way, timely elimination of The United Kingdom each year more than 50000 families of serious fires, most of them fire casualties and significant loss of household assets, a

13、nd some result in the neighbors, more heavy fire losses. Investigate the causes of fire in time, the vast majority of home fires happen parties said that the fire always feel that things are other people with their own far away, did not think this will happen even in the top of his head. Home fires

14、are the main reason for negligent not to take timely preventive measures .In some of our large and medium-sized cities, almost every day family fires, fire prevention is so each family must always pay attention to. If your home based on the actual situation in advance to take simple fire prevention

15、measures, a number of tragedies are entirely avoidable.Automatic fire alarm system is in order to inform the early detection of fire, and take effective measures to control and fight fires, and set in a building or other place of an automatic fire facilities, is that people with a powerful tool to f

16、ight the fire. Fire alarm system, fire detectors generally, regional centralized alarm alarm and composition; also be required under the project with various fire-fighting facilities and communication devices linked to form a central control system. From automatic alarm, automatic fire fighting, eva

17、cuation guidance, system process shows that, fire up a complete file management, fire control system.Fire detectors are fire detection devices, as in the stage of fire will produce smoke with high temperature flame cells. The smoke, heat and light into electrical signals through the detector alarm o

18、r automatic fire extinguishing system to start fighting the fire in time. Area where the floor of alarm detector can send the signal into sound and light alarm, and fire on the screen showing the room number; while also monitoring the concentration of certain floors of alarm (if the monitor is locat

19、ed in the building fire Control Center) output signal or control automatic fire extinguishing system. Concentration of alarm signal is received by way of sound and light show, and the screen also shows the specific fire floor and room number, the plane stopped taking the first alarm clock to record

20、the timing, use of the machine-specific phones, but also quickly to the fire alarm to give directions and. In addition, you can control the fire extinguishing system or signal transmission to the fire control room.Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices

21、and other auxiliary functions of the device with the composition of a button fire alarm system fire alarm system. It can fire early stages of burning smoke, heat and light radiation and other physical quantities, by temperature. Photographic and other smoke and fire detectors into electrical signals

22、, transmitted to the fire alarm controller, and also shows the site of the fire, the fire record of the time. General fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system, fire hydrant systems, smoke control systems, ventilation systems, air conditioning system, fire doors, fire shutter, smoke screen an

23、d other related equipment interaction, automatically or manually issue commands to start the corresponding device.(A) The trigger device of the trigger devices in automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manual fire alarm signal devices generate called trigger conditions, including fire detectors a

24、nd manual fire alarm button. Fire detector is able to fire parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal devices. Fire response parameters according to different fire detectors into heat detectors, smoke detector, s

25、ensitive fire detectors, combustible gas detectors and fire detectors five basic types of composite. Different types of fire detectors for different types of fires and different places. Manual fire alarm button fire alarm signal generated manually start the automatic fire alarm system devices, autom

26、atic fire alarm system is an indispensable component of the.(B) fire alarm installationthe fire alarm device in automatic fire alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can send control signals and control functions with other auxiliary equipment as the fire alarm device

27、instructions. Fire alarm control is one of the most basic kind. Charged with the fire alarm control fire detectors provide a stable working power; detector and the working status of the system itself; the reception, conversion, processing a warning of fire detectors；export; Jinxing sound and light a

28、larm; Knowledge specific location and alarm time; the same time supporting the implementation of appropriate control and many other tasks. Fire alarm system is a core component. In the fire alarm devices, some devices such as break, regional monitors, fire shows and other functions can not complete

29、disc alarm device, which can be regarded as the evolution of fire alarm controller or supplement. Under certain conditions applied, and the fire alarm device fire alarm control belong.The basic function of fire alarm control are: the main power, backup power automatically converted, standby power ch

30、arge function, power failure monitoring function, power functions working status indicator, power supply for the detector circuit function, control sensors or system failures, sound and light alarm, fire sound, light alarm, fire alarm and memory function, clock function unit, with priority being giv

31、en fault function fire alarm, sound alarm sound audible alarm mute and again. (C) Fire control equipment Fire control equipment in automatic fire alarm system, when receiving the fire alarm, automatically or manually start the related fire-fighting equipment and display devices of their state, known

32、 as the fire control equipment. Include fire alarm control, automatic fire extinguishing system control device, fire hydrant system control devices, smoke exhaust system and air conditioning and ventilation system control device, normally open fire doors, fire shutter control device, the lift back d

33、own control equipment, and fire emergency radio, fire alarms, fire communications equipment, fire evacuation signs and emergency lighting control devices, control devices in some or all. Fire control equipment normally installed in the fire control center to facilitate the implementation of centrali

34、zed control. While others set fire control equipment, fire fighting equipment is located in the charged field, but its actions must be returned fire control signal, combined with the implementation of centralization and decentralization of control. (D) electrical source fire alarm system power suppl

35、y electrical equipment belonging to the fire, the main power should be in the fire power, standby power use of battery. In addition to fire alarm system power controller, power supply, but also related to the system for the fire control equipment such as power supply.火灾自动报警系统传统电子安全报警系统主要是通过传感器自动检测，产

36、生报警信号，从现场发出报警信号或通过专门电缆近距离报警，从而引起人们的警觉。通过多年的研究和发展，现在的报警器可以说是门类众多。由于报警器的飞速发展和社会各个领域的急切需要，能应用的领域越来越多，特别是在民用领域更是急速发展。近年来，红外线报警器已经成为报警领域的一个热点，由于其采用的是不可见的红外线探测，所以具有隐蔽性好、安全等特点。红外线传感器按机理不同可以分为光探测型和热探测型。光探测传感器是利用光子效应的红外探测器。这类传感器响应速度快、灵敏度高、检测特性好，但需要冷却，使用不方便。而且器件的检测灵敏度与红外波长有关。热探测传感器是利用热释电效应的红外探测器。在接收到目标的红外辐射后温

37、度升高，温度的升高又引起传感器内部某些物理量的变化，通过检测物理量的变化来确定红外线辐射。这类传感器在室温条件下工作，检测灵敏度也很高，响应速度也很快，而且与红外线辐射波长无关，可探测功率只受背景辐射的限制，应用很方便。本文设计的是被动式热释电红外探测器。文中主要论述了热释电的原理、热释电探测器的特性、BISS0001传感信号处理器、555定时器组成的多谐振荡报警电路等内容。最后设计完成了热释电红外探测报警器的硬件电路。随着现代家庭用火、用电量的增加，家庭火灾发生的频率越来越高。家庭火灾一旦发生，很容易出现扑救不及时、灭火器材缺乏及在场人惊慌失措、逃生迟缓等不利因素，最终导致重大生命财产损失。

38、探讨家庭火灾的特点及防火对策， 对于预防家庭火灾，减少火灾损失具有现实意义。在现代城市家庭里，许多人因不懂家庭安全常识引起火灾事故，使好端端的幸福家庭转眼间毁于一旦,有的导致家破人亡,而且一旦发生居民家庭火灾，处置不当、报警迟缓,是造成人员受害的原因。人们应该积极了解家庭火灾的主要起因，掌握防止发生火灾的知识和万一发生火灾时保护自己的方法,及时消除隐患。 英国每年发生50000起以上的严重家庭火灾，其中大部分火灾造成人员伤亡和重大的家庭财产损失，有的还连累左邻右舍，火灾损失更加惨重。在调查火灾起因的时候，绝大多数发生火灾家庭的当事人说，以前总觉得火灾是人家的事情，与自己离得很远，没有想到这一次

39、竟然会发生在自己的头上。 家庭火灾的主要原因是麻痹大意，没有及时采取预防措施。在我国的一些大中城市，几乎每天都发生家庭火灾，所以防火是每个家庭必须时刻注意的问题。假如能根据您家的实际情况预先采取简单的防火措施，一些悲剧是完全可以避免的。火灾自动报警系统是人们为了早期发现通报火灾，并及时采取有效措施，控制和扑灭火灾，而设置在建筑物中或其它场所的一种自动消防设施，是人们同火灾作斗争的有力工具。火灾报警系统，一般由火灾探测器、区域报警器和集中报警器组成；也可以根据工程的要求同各种灭火设施和通讯装置联动，以形成中心控制系统。即由自动报警、自动灭火、安全疏散诱导、系统过程显示、消防档案管理等组成一个完整

40、的消防控制系统。火灾探测器是探测火灾的仪器，由于在火灾发生的阶段，将伴随产生烟雾、高温格火光。这些烟、热和光可以通过探测器转变为电信号报警或使自动灭火系统启动，及时扑灭火灾。区域报警器能将所在楼层之探测器发出的信号转换为声光报警，并在屏幕上显示出火灾的房间号；同时还能监视若干楼层的集中报警器（如果监视整个大楼的则设于消防控制中心）输出信号或控制自动灭火系统。集中报警是将接收到的信号以声光方式显示出来，其屏幕上也具体显示出着火的楼层和房间号，机上停走的时钟记录下首次报警时间性，利用本机专用电话，还可迅速发出指示和向消防队报警。此外，也可以控制有关的灭火系统或将火灾信号传输给消防控制室。系统组成火

41、灾自动报警系统是由触发器件、火灾报警装置、火灾警报装置以及具有其它辅助功能的装置组成火灾报警系统按钮的火灾报警系统。它能够在火灾初期，将燃烧产生的烟雾、热量和光辐射等物理量，通过感温、感烟和感光等火灾探测器变成电信号，传输到火灾报警控制器，并同时显示出火灾发生的部位，记录火灾发生的时间。一般火灾自动报警系统和自动喷水灭火系统、室内消火栓系统、防排烟系统、通风系统、空调系统、防火门、防火卷帘、挡烟垂壁等相关设备联动，自动或手动发出指令、启动相应的装置。 (一)触发器件 在火灾自动报警系统中，自动或手动产生火灾报警信号的器件称为触发件，主要包括火灾探测器和手动火灾报警按钮。火灾探测器是能对火灾参数

42、(如烟、温度、火焰辐射、气体浓度等)响应，并自动产生火灾报警信号的器件。按响应火灾参数的不同，火灾探测器分成感温火灾探测器、感烟火灾探测器、感光火灾探测器、可燃气体探测器和复合火灾探测器五种基本类型。不同类型的火灾探测器适用于不同类型的火灾和不同的场所。手动火灾报警按钮是手动方式产生火灾报警信号、启动火灾自动报警系统的器件，也是火灾自动报警系统中不可缺少的组成部分之一。(二)火灾报警装置 在火灾自动报警系统中，用以接收、显示和传递火灾报警信号，并能发出控制信号和具有其它辅助功能的控制指示设备称为火灾报警装置。火灾报警控制器就是其中最基本的一种。火灾报警控制器担负着为火灾探测器提供稳定的工作电源

43、；监视探测器及系统自身的工作状态；接收、转换、处理火灾探测器输出的报警信号；进行声光报警；指示报警的具体部位及时间；同时执行相应辅助控制等诸多任务。是火灾报警系统中的核心组成部分。在火灾报警装置中，还有一些如中断器、区域显示器、火灾显示 盘等功能能不完整的报警装置，它们可视为火灾报警控制器的演变或补充。在特定条件下应用，与火灾报警控制器同属火灾报警装置。火灾报警控制器的基本功能主要有：主电、备电自动转换，备用电源充电功能，电源故障监测功能，电源工作状态指标功能，为探测器回路供电功能，控测器或系统故障声光报警，火灾声、光报警、火灾报警记忆功能，时钟单元功能，火灾报警优先报故障功能，声报警音响消音

44、及再次声响报警功能。 (三)消防控制设备 在火灾自动报警系统中，当接收到火灾报警后，能自动或手动启动相关消防设备并显示其状态的设备，称为消防控制设备。主要包括火灾报警控制器，自动灭火系统的控制装置，室内消火栓系统的控制装置，防烟排烟系统及空调通风系统的控制装置，常开防火门，防火卷帘的控制装置，电梯回降控制装置，以及火灾应急广播、火灾警报装置、消防通信设备、火灾应急照明与疏散指示标志的控制装置等控制装置中的部分或全部。消防控制设备一般设置在消防控制中心，以便于实行集中统一控制。也有的消防控制设备设置在被控消防设备所在现场，但其动作信号则必须返回消防控制室，实行集中与分散相结合的控制方式。 (四)电源 火灾自动报警系统属于消防用电设备，其主电源应当采用消防电源，备用电采用蓄电池。系统电源除为火灾报警控制器供电外，还为与系统相关的消防控制设备等供电。7