钢结构英语术语汇总MicrosoftW

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1、AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Governing body responsible for the following pole specification: Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals. (Also called LTS-2) ACORN NUT Decorative anchor bolt nut wit

2、h enclosed rounded top. AGENT Representative of manufactured products and responsible for communication, sales and service of customers within a specified region. AISC American Institute of Steel Construction ALLOWABLE STRESS Maximum permissible stress as defined by design criteria. ALLOY A compound

3、 mixture consisting of one or more base elements (metal) to achieve desired physical or mechanical properties. Examples of different aluminum allows are as follows: 6063: Standard pole and arm shaft material.4043: Standard aluminum welding electrode.5356: Standard aluminum welding electrode.6061: Sp

4、ecial pole and arm shaft material.356: Standard flange base casting material. ALUMINUM A silver-white non-ferrous metallic element whose features and physical properties include: a good resistance to temperature variations, high reflectivity, resistance to oxidation, ductility, light weight, and rec

5、yclable. ANCHOR BASE See Fixed Base ANCHOR BOLT Threaded steel rod embedded into concrete and used to connect the pole to the foundation. ANGLE IRON ping ANODIZING The process of coating a metallic surface electrolytically. This process normally involves the combination of electrical current and che

6、mical bath in which the materials surface or skin is altered to form a protective shield for the remaining material ANSI American National Standards Institute APPROVAL DRAWING Formal drawing submitted to customer for their review to determine acceptability of product. ARCHITECTURAL COATING Special f

7、inish coating designed to give the appearance of concrete, marble, granite or sandstone. ARGON Inert gas element utilized as a shielding component of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or metal inert gas welding (MIG). Generally utilized when welding aluminum or like materials. ARM A single extension of a

8、ny cross section used to mount a single fixture. ARM RISE The vertical distance from the center line of the simplex connection to the center line of the arm end. ARTIFICIAL AGING Process of heating and cooling a material in a controlled manner to develop desired mechanical properties. (See also heat

9、 treat). ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ASTRO BRACKET Device used to attach a traffic signal to the pole or mast arm. Normally rigid mounted, but can also be free swinging. AWS American Welding Society AXIAL FORCE Force along the longitudinal axis of a member. When designing a found

10、ation this figure relates to the weight of a structure plus any added devices or equipment.BBACK-UP-BAR Steel bar used to secure the handhole cover. BACK-UP-RING Steel ring used for full-penetration welded connections. BACKPLATE Border surrounding traffic signal heads. BANNER ARMS Two parallel pipe

11、extensions bolted along the pole shaft used to mount a special banner. BASE COVER See Full Base Cover BASE FLANGE Cast component welding to the bottom of the pole shaft used to connect the structure to the foundation. (Also called base casting and shoe base). BASE PLATE Steel plate welded to the bot

12、tom of the pole shaft used to connect the structure to the foundation. BASE REACTIONS (POLE) Shear force, axial force, and bending moment occurring at the pole base, used for foundation design. BEARING PLATE Steel plate attached to the bottom of an anchor bolt designed to prevent bolt pull-out. BEND

13、 RADIUS The radial dimension corresponding to the curvature of a bent member, usually measured from the inside surface. BENDING MOMENT The product of a wind force or weight force multiplied by its distance from a section. BOLT Metal rod or pin used for fastening objects together that usually has a h

14、ead at one end and a screw thread at the other. BOLT CHORD Dimension measured between two adjacent anchor bolts which do not intersect the center line of the foundation. This dimension may vary between each individual chord. BOLT CIRCLE Dimension measured from one anchor bolt to another which inters

15、ects the center line of the pattern. This dimension will remain equal for all bolts, regardless of quantity of bolts. BOLT COVER A decorative cast cover usually fastened to the base flange covering the anchor bolt. BOLT LOAD Force along the axis of a bolt. BOLT PROJECTION Length of anchor bolt exten

16、ding above the foundation surface. BREAKAWAY COUPLING Device used to connect the pole to the anchor bolts, and designed to fracture when the pole is impacted by a vehicle. The main purpose being to assure passenger safety. BULLHORN Steel pipe formed with a 90 degree upward bend used to mount fixture

17、s, speakers, cameras, etc. BUMP FORMED Method of manufacturing a flat steel plate into structural shape. The plate is bent by a brake press usually at equal spacings, forming the desired shape. BUTT WELD Circumferential weld joint used to connect two shaft sections or a shaft to a plate with or with

18、out a back-up ring.CC-HOOK Steel rod formed into shape of a C and used for wire support or handling purposes. C.B.C Canadian Building Code C.S.A Canadian Standards Association C.S.R. (Combined Stress Ratio) Summation of ratios of applied stresses over allowable stresses. Included stresses are bendin

19、g, shear and axial. C.W.B. Canadian Welding Bureau CAD Computer-Aided Design CAGE PLATFORM A platform that consists of formed steel tubing, support angles and steel grating to safely support a service person and a cluster of lighting fixtures. CALCULATIONS Formal structural analysis to be presented

20、to the customer, proving adequacy of the structure to the design criteria requirements. CAMBER Curving of sign structure chords, mast arms or poles during the manufacturing process. The curved displacement from center line is equal and opposite to the deflection expected in the field. The structure,

21、 therefore, appears straight after loads are appli CANTILEVER Structure fixed at one end and free at the other. A pole is a vertical cantilever and a mast arm is a horizontal cantilever. CASTING Product which is manufactured by means of molding in a form with a molten alloy. CERTIFICATION A document

22、 containing a confirmation that the product and/or design meets or exceeds some specifically stated conditions. CITY SCAPE Unique design style in traffic control and lighting structures incorporating modular components. CLAMSHELL BASE A 2-piece shell base bolted around the pole base after installati

23、on. CLEARANCE The vertical distance from the roadway surface to the lowest point of an overhanging device. COATING Process of covering a product with one of or a combination of the following: galvanizing, painting and/or metallizing. COBRA HEAD Generic term for some street lighting fixtures. COIL MA

24、TERIAL Any steel which is rolled into coil form after processing from the mill. COMMISSION A fee paid to a representative for transacting a piece of business or performing a service. CONTROLLER CABINET Metal cabinet that houses components used to operate the electrical system. Components could inclu

25、de items such as terminal strips, timers, and circuit breakers. COR-TEN Trade name by United States Steel Company for high strength, low alloy, self-weathering steel. This material has enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance when compared with ordinary carbon steels. The enhanced corrosion resista

26、nce may permit the use of t COUPLING Internally threaded steel fitting used for wiring access and attachment of controller cabinets, junction boxes or other related devices. CRITERIA A written specification used to control the design of a structure. CROSSARM A length of steel tubing or angle that at

27、taches to a pole shaft with provisions for mounting a single row of lighting fixtures.DDAMPER Mechanical device used to eliminate or reduce harmonic vibrations. (See also vibration damper and harmonic vibrations). DAVIT Radial formed pole/luminaire arm. DEAD LOAD Total weight of structure and all ad

28、ded appurtenances. DEFLECTION Movement of the pole and/or arm, expressed as a displacement or rotation, resulting from dead loads or other applied loads. DERATE Recognizing a materials loss of physical or mechanical properties due to a manufacturing process such as welding. DIE CASTING The process w

29、here molten metal is forced under pressure into the cavity of a mold to form a desired shape such as a base flange or base casting. DRAG COEFFICIENT A numerical factor used in wind force calculations. This factor is applied to the projected area of a structural member, lighting fixture, traffic sign

30、al, or other component to account for its shape. DRILL PATTERN Layout of hole size and spacing for a given fixture. DUPLEX RECEPTACLE Electrical component generally used in conjunction with Valmont festoon boxEEFFECTIVE PROJECTED AREA (EPA) Area of a given fixture and/or structure resisting wind for

31、ce (projected area x appropriate drag coefficient). ELEVATION The distance which something is above or below sea level, ground level or other referenced surface. (i.e., highway, foundation, etc.) ELLIPTICAL Having the shape of an oval. EMBEDDED POLE Pole fixed into concrete or compacted soil by mean

32、s of an extended portion. EXTRUSION The process of forcing material through a die to form a desired cross-section shape.FFASTENER A part used to attach or secure two components together. (i.e., bolt, nut, screw, etc.) FERRULE See Tenon FESTOON BOX Enclosure welded to a structure to accommodate the m

33、ounting of an electrical component. FINIAL A sculptured ornament located at pole top or end of arm. FINIAL CAP Cast or spun decorative pole top cap. FINISH A protective and usually decorative coating applied to structures and their components. (i.e., galvanizing, prime painting, finish painting, etc

34、.) FIXED BASE Type of pole-to-foundation attachment not designed to breakaway if impacted by a vehicle. FIXTURE A lighting fixture, which provides artificial light. FLOOD LIGHT A lighting unit for projecting a broad beam of light. Used in parking lots, sports fields, and other area lighting applicat

35、ions. FLUTING The formation of rounded grooves using rollers or other means to create a decorative motif on the shaft or column. FORCE Vector quantity that tends to produce stress and deflection in the structure to which it is applied. FOUNDATION The earth-embedded support element for a pole structu

36、re, normally consisting of concrete, steel reinforcing bars and anchor bolts. FRANGIBLE BASE Pole base that is designed to breakaway when struck by a vehicle. (See also Breakaway Coupling, Transformer Base and Slip Base) FULL BASE COVER Decorative shroud used to enclose the base plate and anchor bol

37、ts.GGALVANIZE A zinc coating applied by a hot dip process or other approved method. GASKET A natural or synthetic rubber seal used between piece parts to prevent the intrusion of moisture. GAUGE A whole number representing an equivalent decimal thickness. (i.e., 11 = 0.1196, 7 = 0.1793, 3 = 0.2391)

38、GROMMET A natural or synthetic rubber ring placed in drilled wireway holes to prevent chafing or damage to wires. GROUNDING Provision on pole for connecting a cable which makes an electrical connection with the earth. GROUT A mortar used for filling space between the bottom of the pole baseplate and

39、 the top of the foundation. GUSSET Steel plate used to strengthen a welded connection. GUST FACTOR A numerical factor, usually 1.3, applied to a constant wind velocity to account for an instantaneous outburst of wind.HHANDHOLE Reinforced opening providing internal access to a structure. HARMONIC VIB

40、RATION A sustained back-and-forth motion of a member moving the same distance in opposite directions. HEAT TREAT Process of heating and cooling a material in a controlled manner to develop different mechanical properties. HEIGHT COEFFICIENT A numerical factor applied to the design wind pressure to a

41、ccount for the increased wind pressure experienced due to smoother flow of air at higher elevations above ground. HIGH MAST Structures designed to light a large area by providing a point of fixture attachment higher than an average area lighting structure. A high mast pole is usually equipped with a

42、 lowering device system. HINGED POLE Structure design allowing ease of pole top access using a hinge by which the pole top can be lowered to ground level.IMPACT ATTENUATOR A device used on a safety climbing cable to reduce the severity of the jolt encountered when a falling person reaches the end of

43、 the safety belt lanyard. ISOMETRIC DRAWING A drawing in which three faces of a solid object are shown with the lines parallel to the edges and drawn in true length. ISOTACH A line on a map connecting points of equal wind speed. A gust factor is usually applied to the isotach wind speed.JJ-HOOK Stee

44、l rod formed into the shape of a J used for wire support or handling purposes. JACKING LUGS Steel nuts welded to a pole shaft to facilitate the process of slip fitting pole sections together. JAM POLE See Laminated ShaftKKEEPER PLATE A thin steel plate (usually 20, 22 or 28 gauge) used to keep the c

45、onnecting bolts of a slip base assembly in place. KIP Unit of measure equivalent to 1000 pounds. KSI Kips per Square InchLLAMINATED SHAFT Tapered steel tube resulting from firmly pressing together two separate tubes, one inside the other, to increase wall thickness. LIGHTNING ROD Metallic rod attach

46、ed to a pole structure creating a continuous conducting path to the ground to diminish the destructive effects of lightning. LIQUID COAT Finish applied to a material in a liquid form. LIQUIDATED DAMAGES The determination of liability by means of agreement or litigation as to the amount of indebtedne

47、ss. LMA Luminaire Mast Arm LOCK WASHER A split washer used to prevent loosening by exerting pressure on a nut. LOCKNUT A nut tightened down on another, or a nut so constructed that it locks itself when tightened. Both types are used to prevent loosening. LOWERING DEVICE Apparatus capable of lowering

48、 fixtures to ground level for ease of maintenance. LUG WASHER Steel plate washer used in transformer base connections. LUMINAIRE A complete lighting unit.MMAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION A non-destructive method of detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic mater

49、ials (ASTM E709). MANDREL FORMED The manufacturing process used to produce round tapered tubes by forming steel coil around a mandrel. MAST ARM The horizontal member of a structure typically used to support luminaries, traffic signals or roadway signs. MILD STEEL Comparatively soft and easily worked

50、 steel capable of being extended or shaped. MILL/MATERIAL CERTIFICATION An official document issued by the steel mill stating the physical and chemical properties of the material supplied. MOMENT A force multiplied by the distance to the point of rotation. (See Bending Moment) MOMENT OF INERTIA Phys

51、ical property of a structural cross section used in the calculations of stresses and deflections. It is the summation of the products of element areas, multiplied by the square of their distance from a referenced line. MOUNTING HEIGHT Vertical distance to a particular part of a pole structure. (i.e.

52、, luminaire mounting height)NNEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA BOX An enclosure mounted to a pole used for breaker switches and terminal blocks. The name is derived from an enclosure being rated by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. NIPPLE Externally threaded st

53、eel fitting used for wiring access and attachment of controller cabinets, junction boxes or other related devices. NUT COVER A decorative cast cover usually fastened to the pole covering the anchor bolt. NUT HOLDER A small bracket usually welded to the inside of a pole, designed to hold a 0.5 in. sq

54、uare nut used for grounding purposes.OO-RING A ring made from natural or synthetic rubber, used as an air-tight or water-tight seal. OBSTRUCTION LIGHT A light mounted on a structure to warn aircraft of its presence. OCTAGONAL POLE A pole having an eight-sided cross section. ONE-PIECE SLIPOVER BASE A

55、 one-piece shell base, which slips over the pole during installation. OPTICON Control device acting as a switch upon sensing motion or light. ORIENTATION The position of an appurtenance relative to the circumferential cross section of a pole/arm as measured in degrees from a reference point. (See al

56、so Radial Index) OVERTURNING MOMENT Bending moment at the pole base used for foundation analysis. (See also Bending Moment) OXIDATION The chemical reaction of a material when exposed to oxygen.PP.E.C. Photo Electric Cell (See also Opticon) P.S.I. Pounds per Square Inch PAINTING SYSTEM A series of pr

57、ocesses involved in producing a desired finish. PANEL BOX See Controller Cabinet PARAPET A low retaining wall on a bridge or highway. Mounting poles on parapets usually requires special anchor bolt patterns. PED POLE A pole designed to support pedestrian signal heads. PIPE A hollow steel cylinder ma

58、nufactured to a specific nominal inside diameter, wall thickness and yield strength. PLANS The portion of the contract document that depicts the project requirements by the use of drawings or illustrations. POLE The vertical member of a structure. POLE TOP PLATE A steel plate mounted to the top of a

59、 pole. POLYCARBONATE A lightweight thermoplastic that is used in the production of some traffic signal housings and back plates. Polycarbonate traffic signals have a high impact strength and are generally lighter in weight than a comparable aluminum traffic signal head. POWDER COAT An electrostatica

60、lly applied dry powder coating, oven-baked for a smooth, durable finish. PRODUCTION DRAWING An illustration showing all of the details and information necessary to manufacture the product. PROJECTED AREA The surface area subjected to wind pressures. PROJECTION Length of anchor bolt protruding beyond

61、 the top of a foundation.RRADIAL INDEX An illustration showing the orientation of appurtenances. (See also Orientation) RAKE The incline of a pole shaft from the vertical. A pole shaft is usually raked back to account for the deflection in the pole that will be caused by dead loads. REBAR Deformed s

62、teel reinforcing bar. RECORD DRAWING Formal drawing provided to customer showing final manufactured product. RIV-NUT Metal fastener serving as the female threaded portion of a bolted connection. This device is a blind nut which is very comparable in function to a household molley. Primarily used for

63、 luminaire arm attachment.SS.O. CHORD Sun and oil resistant electrical connection. SAFETY BELT Component of pole climbing device strapped around a persons body and attached to the safety cable. SAFETY CABLE Component of climbing device fixed at both ends of the pole structure providing attachment for the safety belt. SAG The distance a wire or cable droops from its attachment point. Usually expressed as a percentage of the span length. SBC Standard Building Code SECTION MODULUS Physical property of a structural cross section used