移动软交换和移动分组域承载网技术分析

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1、 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 1 移动软交换和移动分组域移动软交换和移动分组域承载网技术分析承载网技术分析 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 2 议题议题 移动通信网络的演进及网络整体架构介绍 3G UMTS系统及业务对IP承载网络的要求 3G IP承载网需要考虑的关键技术 移动通讯网络向全IP融合的路线图 2006 Cisco Sys

2、tems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 3 议题议题 移动通信网络的演进及网络整体架构介绍 3G UMTS系统及业务对IP承载网络的要求 3G IP承载网需要考虑的关键技术 移动通讯网络向全IP融合的路线图 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 4 Circuit/ Signaling Gateway Feature Server(s) Mobility Manager 2G/2

3、.5G 2G IN Services Network Feature Servers 3G Data + Packet Voice Value Chain Full IPs Architecture Peer-to-peer architecture MSC Circuit Switch1 GGSN/PDSN BSC Voice (Legacy Features) Call Agent Internet Core IP Core Data Voice VPN Packet Voice Multimedia Unified Communications Circuit Network Circu

4、it Packet Traffic IP RAN 移动通信网络的演进及系统结构移动通信网络的演进及系统结构 ITP RAN Core Packet TDM RNC/BSC 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 5 Wireless Generations First Generation Analog wireless 1G AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone Service 北美 TACS - Total Access Communications

5、 System 英国 中国 NMT - Nordic Mobile Telephone 北欧 Second Generation 2G and 2.5G Digital wireless 2G GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications 欧 900 1800 1900 CDMA (ANSI-95) - Code Division Multiple Access 美 亚太 800 1900 TDMA (ANSI-136) - Time Division Multiple Access 北美 Digital Wireless 2.5G GSM wit

6、h GPRS General Packet Radio Service CDMA1x RTT Third Generation 3G Digital wireless UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3GPP) WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access, radio for UMTS CDMA2000 - Code Division Multiple Access (3GPP2) Voice Voice +Data IMS 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc.

7、All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 6 Mobile Wireless Evolution 2G GSM Ckt Swt Data (2.4-9.6 Kbps) cdmaOne T1A/IS-95 Ckt Swt Data (14.4 Kbps) TDMA T1A/IS-136 EDGE Up to 384 Kps 2.5 or 2G Enhancements IS-136+ Up to 64 Kbps 64 Kbps 144 Kbps cdma2000 1xRTT DV Up to 144 Kps cdma2000

8、1xEV HDR DO Up to 2.4 Mbps 384 Kbps 1 Mbps cdma2000 1xTreme DV Up to 5 Mbps cdma2000 3xRTT Up to 5 Mbps IS-136 HS Outdoor Up to 384 Kps WCDMA/UMTS Up to 2 Mbps (Local) Up to 384 Kbps (Wide) IS-136 HS Indoor 2 Mbps 3G GPRS Up to 171 Kbps 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidentia

9、l Presentation_ID 7 IMT-2000是第三代移动通信系统（3G）的统称 第三代移动通信系统最早由国际电信联盟（ITU）1985年提 出，考虑到该系统将于2000年左右进入商用市场，工作的频段在2000MHz，且最高业务速率为2000Kbps，故于1996年正式更名为IMT-2000（International Mobile Telecommunication-2000） 第三代移动通信系统是一种能提供多种类型、高质量多媒体业务，能实现全球无缝覆盖，具有全球漫游能力，与固定网络相兼容，并以小型便携式终端在任何时候、任何地点进行任何种类通信的通信系统 3G发展概述发展概述 20

10、06 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 8 第三代移动通信标准化格局第三代移动通信标准化格局 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 9 UTRAN based on ATM Based on 2G TDM Core Based on IP Co-operating Networks User Equipment Radio Access Network C

11、ore Network Note: Not all interfaces are shown and named BSC BTS Um Abis BSS F HLR D C EIR AUC E A GMSC Gf Gn SGSN Gb Gr Gn SGSN GGSN Gs Gc Gi Gd IuCS MSC/ VLR G H Gp IuPS RNC Node B Uu Iur Iub RNC Node B Iub RNS RNS UTRAN Iur ME Cu or SIM-ME i/f USIM SIM MS ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN: - Intranet - E

12、xtranet - Internet - X.25 SMS MSC/ VLR SCF ME SIM-ME i/f SIM MS 3 3GPP R99GPP R99网络参考模型网络参考模型 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 10 Based on IP Core UTRAN based on ATM Based on IP F HSS (HLR) C AUC Gf SGSN Gr Gn Gc Gi Gd H SMS Co-operating Networks User

13、Equipment Radio Access Network Core Network BTS Um Abis BSS F D C EIR AUC A GMSC Server Gf Gn Gb Gr SGSN GGSN Gs Gc Gd IuCS MGW H Gp IuPS RNC Node B Uu Iur Iub RNC Node B Iub RNS RNS UTRAN Iur ME Cu or SIM-ME i/f USIM SIM MS ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN: - Intranet - Extranet - Internet MSC/VLR Server

14、SCF ME SIM-ME i/f SIM MS MGW MSC/VLR Server Mc Nb Nc MGW Nb Mc Mc E G Nc T- S G W BSC C SMS SCF 3 3GPP R4 GPP R4 网络参考模型网络参考模型 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 11 UMTS Release 4 Signalling and/or bearer Signalling * those elements are the same but are d

15、uplicated for readability of the figure MSC server GMSC server Iu-cs1 = Bearer (RTP, AAL2) Iu-cs2 = Signalling (RANAP) Iu-ps Gi Uu Gn Gp UTRAN Gr Other PLMN SGSN GGSN GGSN Apps & Services * HLR * SCP PDN / Internet Mc Mc MGW Nb Nc Iu-cs1 Iu-cs2 PSTN / Legacy external nw T-SGW MGW R TE MT GRX BG BG G

16、c Apps & Services * SCP HLR * H.248 SIP-T / Q.BICC RANAP 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 12 UMTS Release 5 Signalling and/or bearer Signalling * those elements are the same but are duplicated for readability of the figure MSC server GMSC server Iu-ps

17、Gi Uu Gn Gp UTRAN Gr Other PLMN SGSN GGSN GGSN Apps & Services * HSS * SCP Multimedia IP / Internet Mc Mc MGW Nb Nc Iu-cs1 Iu-cs2 PSTN / Legacy external nw T-SGW MGW R TE MT GRX BG BG Gc HSS * CSCF MRF MGCF MGW T-SGW CSCF Mw Mm Gi Cx Mg Mc Gi SIP H.248 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. C

18、isco Confidential Presentation_ID 13 WCDMA协议版本的演进协议版本的演进 R4 R5 R99 继承2G（GSM和GPRS）所有的业务和功能 核心网分CS电路域和PS分组域 接入网引入WCDMA UTRAN 核心网和接入网之间的Iu接口基于ATM 继承WCDMA R99所有的业务和功能 电路域结构的变化：控制和承载相分离，MSC可以用合一或SERVER、MGW分离结构实现 电路域引入分组话音，支持多种传输技术：TDM，ATM，IP 继承WCDMA R4所有的业务和功能 核心网增加IM（IP多媒体域） RAN向IP方向发展 增强的IP QoS能力，支持端到端

19、的IP多媒体业务 2000 2001 2002 规范完成时间 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 14 商业运营的商业运营的3G3G系统的组成部分系统的组成部分 3G 无线接入网络系统及终端: 由 IMT-2000 所定义空中接口技术 WCDMA, CDM2000, TD-SCDMA. UE, BTS/NodeB, BSC/RNC. 3G 核心网络系统 电路域和分组域 语音数据多媒体呼叫的处理，现有网络互联，信令交互 分组网关，信令网关，媒体网关，MSC/GMSC Se

20、rver, 基于软交换的呼叫控制系统 3G RAN 和 CN的分组传送网络 3G RAN网络的分组传送网络; 3G 核心网络的IP承载网络 Network & Service Enhancement: MPLS, SLA/QoS, VPN, TE, IPv6, Security. 3G service & control platform and application 3G特色的各种应用和服务，结合现有移动运营商的各种服务网络的应用 统一的服务控制平台： 服务选择、业务控制、移动性实现、资费手段 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Ci

21、sco Confidential Presentation_ID 15 议题议题 移动通信网络的演进及网络整体架构介绍 3G UMTS系统及业务对IP承载网络的要求 3G IP承载网需要考虑的关键技术 移动通讯网络向全IP融合的路线图 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 16 3G UMTS系统及业务对系统及业务对IP承载网络的要求承载网络的要求 3G End to End SLA/ QoS Definitions CS Domain Requirements to I

22、P Backbone Delay Budget for a Mobile Phone Call 3G Signaling Requirements PS Domain Requirements to IP Backbone Traffic Model Setup Bandwidth Calculation and Capacity Planning High Availability and Security Requirements 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID

23、 17 3G业务业务对对QoS的要求的要求 业务级别 特点 应用示例（建议） 会话级 conversational 对时延和时延抖动要求严格、对丢包/误码率有较强容忍度。 VoIP、分组域的可视电话。 流级别 streaming 对时延抖动要求严格、对时延、丢包/误码率有较强容忍度 流媒体、PoC（待定）。 交互级别 interactive 对实时性要求较高，对时延抖动没有要求，对丢包/误码率要求高。 位置服务、在线游戏、随e行、综合即时通信、移动证券、电子钱包、WAP。 后台级别 background 对实时性要求不高，对时延抖动没有要求，对丢包/误码率要求高。 音乐下载、手机邮箱、手机动画

24、、单机游戏、MMS、SMS。 对于实时业务与非实时业务其容量特征的描述方法有明显的不同。需要用不同的模型参数来描述这种容量要求 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 18 3G End to End SLA/QoS Definitions 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 19 3GPP Conversational/Real-time Data

25、 Delay Requirements Medium Application Degree of symmetry Data rate Key performance parameters and target values End-to-end One-way Delay Delay Variation within a call Information loss Audio Conversational voice Two-way 4-25 kb/s 150 msec preferred 400 msec limit Note 1 1 msec 3% FER Video Videophon

26、e Two-way 32-384 kb/s 150 msec preferred 400 msec limit Lip-synch : 100 msec 1% FER Data Telemetry - two-way control Two-way 28.8 kb/s 250 msec N.A Zero Data Interactive games Two-way 1 KB 250 msec N.A Zero Data Telnet Two-way (asymmetric) 1 KB 250 msec N.A Zero 3GPP TS 22.105 V4.3.0 2006 Cisco Syst

27、ems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 20 UK PSTN call trans-global call or mobile to landline call mobile to mobile call international call with satellite hop The Effects of Absolute Delay (from ITU-T Recommendation G.114) What does BT achieve? 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. Al

28、l rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 21 Grade Of Service Class of Service Customer Care/Ops Customer Care Call Centre App CDRs Provisioning Enterprise VOIP VM Internet Access NTP (Enterprise) Desktop to Internal Services Intl Clearing Houses (Roamers) Network Alarms SPs VSS2 3G Core

29、: LI Call Centre VOIP Desktop Internet Enterprise RAS Enterprise Video Streaming Enterprise Video Telephony DNS, DHCP for the Enterprise Desktop Email MIS Billing Systems SP Billing Transfers Retail Shop VOIP Service Statistics Service Configuration Product Alarms Product Statistics Product Configur

30、ation Product CDRs High Medium Low Conversational Streaming Interactive Background 2.5G PS DNS, DHCP for 2.5G and 3G IP-Based Service Traffic from INs 2.5G/3G Corporate RAS IAS WAP SMS-IP E-Topup SMS-C Signalling Video Telephony Video Streaming Mob. Video Conferencing PPG UM Streaming VME LES Corp.

31、RAS Last mile 3G Voice SI IVR Retail Shop E-topup 2G Voice IN call Set-up over IP Messaging Products Inter Product Connectivity 2G Data 3G PS Audio Streaming Enterprise Audio Streaming 3G PS Domain Application and Service level mapping table 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confid

32、ential Presentation_ID 22 IP/PDP 和分组域的和分组域的 QoS: 基本的差分服务基本的差分服务 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 23 IP/PDP 和分组域的和分组域的QoS: QOS的高级综合服务的高级综合服务 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 24 PS Domain：IP/PDP QoS 2006 Ci

33、sco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 25 3G 流量模型的建立流量模型的建立 IP承载网节点、链路选择和设计的依据来自3G业务模型，并需要配合话务模型，进行容量规划。 CS Domain 3G CS业务与软交换语音业务类似，以连接用户和用户为主，属于承载型的“扁平业务”。 按照实时业务计算容量带宽要求，分本地通话率和出局通话率计算带宽； PS Domain 分组域流量主要是SGSN和GGSN之间Gn接口的流量，当用户漫游时，有些业务需要漫游地SGSN与本地GGSN建立隧道承载流量，因

34、此流量呈树状网状结构； 分组域对承载网的带宽需求主要针对Gn接口和Gi接口，按照非实时业务计算带宽需求。 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 26 High Availability Requirements WAN Resilience: The target is to have sub-second fail-over times across the network. Backbone should be protected against link and n

35、ode failures. LAN The target is to have sub-second fail-over times across the network. At the sites resilience can be achieved by using duplicated LAN interfaces and redundant multilayer LAN switches. (Full redundancy connect to Cisco SWITCH) The behavior of interconnection of MGW/MSS integrated swi

36、tch and access switch L2 resilience: Which layer 2 protocol is responsible for achieving sub-second convergence? MSTP/RSTP The site router should have protected link (port channel) between them. L3 resilience: Access switch need to support logical redundancy features, such as HSRP/VRRP; From MGW/MSS

37、 to Access Switch default gateway, static route is prefered. 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 27 Fully Redundant PoP design (with “non-routing” hosts) Provider Provider Edge MSC MGW MGW GGSN Customer Edge Recommended 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights

38、 reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 28 Fully Redundant PoP design (with “routing” CE) Provider Edge Customer Edge MGW MGW MGW MGW Host OSPF relationship MGW 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 29 IP RAN Billing Corporate VPN PSTN SS7 MSC SMSC 16

39、5 HLR V Mobile Core Network SGSN GGSN AAA DNS 骨干网骨干网 Security Requirements 1. 3G业务网络安全，包括3G CS、3G PS业务系统和用户业务的安全 2. IP基础网络安全，IP承载网基础网络（设备）能够有效防范各种非法攻击和病毒冲击，保证网络持续稳定运行，性能没有劣化。 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 30 议题议题 移动通信网络的演进及网络整体架构介绍 3G UMTS系统及业务对IP承载

40、网络的要求 3G IP承载网需要考虑的关键技术 移动通讯网络向全IP融合的路线图 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 31 IP承载网的关键技术承载网的关键技术 如何考虑2.5G/3G的IP承载网的部署 MPLS VPN Architecture for Future 3G Network IP Backbone Tight-SLA Deployment 流量工程 Traffic engineering High available and Fast convergence 骨干网的QoS技术选择与实践 IPv6, Mobile Security and NMS. 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 32 议题议题 移动通信网络的演进及网络整体架构介绍 3G UMTS系统及业务对IP承载网络的要求 3G IP承载网需要考虑的关键技术 移动通讯网络向全IP融合的路线图 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 33