保定市大学生旅游消费状况及影响因素研究毕业论文英汉对照

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1、毕业论文中文摘要 保定市大学生旅游消费状况及影响因素研究摘要： 大学生旅游群体因其庞大的规模、突出的青春活力及对其他旅游消费群体的巨大影响而成为一个很具潜力的客源市场，大学生旅游市场正成为旅游业发展的一个新亮点。在校大学生的知识结构、价值取向、心理特征使大学生旅游市场有别于传统的大众旅游市场。本文运用文献综述、问卷调查的方法，以保定部分在校大学生为研究对象，根据保定市大学生旅游消费行为的一手调查资料，分析他们的旅游消费状况、选择出游方式、出游时段、目的地等方面的行为特征，总结出大学生出游在旅游动机、文化水平、闲暇时间、消费结构四个方面的优势；同时从旅游企业、社会环境、旅游者角度分析了开拓大学生

2、旅游市场的限制性因素，提出开发大学生旅游市场的建议。关键词：在校大学生 保定市 旅游消费 影响因素 （毕业论文外文摘要Title Affecting Factors and Countermeasures of Tourism Consumption by College Student in Baoding AbstractCollege undergraduates tourism market has become a focus for its huge population, the prominent youth vigor and force of impacting on ot

3、her tour groups in the tourism industry.Their knowledge structure ,values and psychological traits differ this market from traditional mass tourist market.The paper utilized documentary study and questionnaire methods,subjects some college undergraduates ,according to the first-hand survey data of t

4、he undergraduate tourist consumption in baoding,analyzes their travel expenditure ,style,time and destination and concludes that they stands advantages from four perspectives:motivation,education level,leisure time and consuming structure.The paper also studies the restrictive factors for developing

5、 this market from social environment related tourism enterprises, and tourist angles and raises some thoughts and suggestion. Keywords：tourism consumption influencing factors undergraduates baoding引言Introduction 随着经济的发展和人们休闲时间的不断增多，旅游业已成为世界上发展势头最强劲的产业，其“朝阳产业”的地位可见一斑。随着我国高等教育的规模不断扩大，旅游活动同时也成为大学生课余活动之

6、余的主要活动之一，大学生旅游市场逐步成为中国旅游市场的新亮点。本文利用在保定市的高校所做的60份问卷调查进行数据分析，研究与大学生旅游消费行为直接相关的旅游心理和旅游决策行为的特点，分析大学生旅游市场的特征，对旅游企业开发大学生旅游市场提出了一些建议。With the economic development and the increase in leisure time, tourism has already become the worlds most powerful industrial,the sunrise industrystatus is remarkable.With t

7、he expanding higher education in China,the tourism activity has already become one of the major activities for university students after school ,and the tourism market of university students gradually become new highlight of Chinas tourism market.In this artical,we use 60 questionnaires for data ana

8、lysis in colleges and universities in baoding,research the characteristics of tourism psychology and tourism decision-making behavior directly related to the university students tourism consumption behavior,analysis of college students tourism market characteristics,put forward some suggestions of t

9、ourism enterprises for the development of college students tourism market. 收回的有效问卷中男女大学生人数分别为29人与30人，男女比例29:30 。 其中调查对象中大学一年级18人，占30.5%；大二18人，占30.5%；大三13人，占22%；大四10人，占17%。(图1)There were 29 male and 30 female college students respectively in the received valid questionnaires, sex ratio 29: 30,includi

10、ng 18 freshmen,18 soph-more,13 junior students and 10 senior undergraduates, each accounting for 30.5%,30.5%,22%,17%. Fig.1 Grade distribution of sample1.保定市大学生旅游消费状况特点分析1.1保定市在校大学生旅游心理特点分析1.1.1大学生旅游动机分析 旅游动机是产生旅游需求的内在驱动力，是具体购买行为的依据。由于大学生思想活泼，热情奔放，善于猎奇，富于想象，憧憬未来，追逐新潮，所以外出旅行，去更多地接触和了解外界。Travel motiva

11、tion is to generate the internal driving force of tourism demand and is the basis for the specific buying behavior.As the ideological,lively and passionate undergraduates.They are good at adventuring,full of imagination,longing for the future,chasing fashion,so they choose to travel to understand th

12、e outside world. Fig.2 Travel motivations of undergraduates 旅游动机调查的启示:第一,54.2% 的受访大学生旅游者选择观光游览,由此可见,大学生旅游者将欣赏自然风光作为旅游的首选。第二，27.1%的大学生旅游者偏向于增长见闻,这主要是由于大学生平时生活比较单调，在适当时他们会选择去度假休闲。第三、追求刺激的选择比例有11.8%，这主要是由于高校近年来的扩招，造成一定的就业压力，而学生利用出游时间寻求刺激，挑战自己。从调查结果来看，大学生旅游者的旅游动机有多样化发展趋势，但主要还是集中在观光游览与增长见闻上，所以旅行经营企业既应该设计

13、多种旅游产品，开发出适合大学生的观光旅游与度假休闲精品。这是吸引大学生旅游者的重要手段之一。The enlightenment of investigating tourism motivation :First,54.2% of the interviewed undergraduates prefer sightseeing tour.Thus it can be seen，student tourists will enjoy the natural beauty as a preferred travel.Second,27.1% of the interviewed college

14、students choose growth information，.This is mainly due to students studying life pressure, in order to ease the pressure, so they choose to go on vacation and leisure.Third,the proportion of choiceexcitement is 11.8 %, mainly due to college enrollment in recent years , resulting in some employment p

15、ressure , college students use travel time to seek stimulation and challenge themselves. Result from the survey, students have diverse motivations of travel trends , but mainly focused on sightseeing tour and growth information , so travel enterprises should design a variety of tourism products , fo

16、r students to develop tourism and leisure fine . This is an important means of attracting tourists, one of college students .1.1.2 出游制约因素 大学生旅游者虽然具有强烈的出游动机，但是有很多因素会干扰他们外出旅游。如图2所示,在“制约外出旅游的主要因素选项中,第一，42.4%的大学生旅游者(25人)选择旅游费用大学生外出旅游首先考虑的是经济因素，这是制约大学生旅游行为产生的最大因素.因为大部分大学生还是纯粹的消费者，他们的经济来源基本都来自于家庭支付的生活费，而家

17、庭的支持往往存在一定限度.第二，选择时间(16人)和安全问题(10人)的各占27.1%和16.9%。因此时间和安全也是主要的制约因素,其中安全问题是一个迫切需要关注的问题。大学生旅游者一般缺乏社会经验，在旅途中的安全防范意识较弱，旅游过程中不安全因素较多，这增加了大学生旅游者心理上的不安全感。任何环节出现安全问题，都会影响整个旅游行程，从而大大降低旅游经历值。第三，大学生旅游者对身体状况(3人)、购票问题（5人）的关注程度很小。这说明大学生正处于人生的成长期，身体素质可以适应大部分类型的旅游行为。Although undergraduate tourists have strong trave

18、l motivation, but there are many factors which can interfere with their travel.As shown in figure3,In the main factors of travel constraints”First,42.4% college student tourists (25)choose travel expenses ,they gave first priority to economic factor, which is the biggest one in producing tourism beh

19、avior,because the majority of students still pure consumer, their economic sources are basically from the family support which is usually limited.Second, the number of those choose the factors of time(16)and safety(10)accounts for 27.1% and 16.9% respectively,so the factors of time and safety also t

20、he main factors of travel constraints。So the safety problem need to be paid attention to urgently. College student tourists usually lack social experience and they are less aware of safety precautions in the trip.Because there are many unsafety factors in the process of tourism which increases the s

21、tudent tourists sense of insecurity.The occurrence of safety problem in any link, can affect the entire trip, thus substantially reducing travel experience value.Third ,student tourists to physical condition(3),ticket problem(5)the degree of attention is very small,this shows that college students a

22、re in the growth stage of life,can adapt most types of tourist behavior.1.1.3大学生旅游态度分析如图3所示，在收回的59份有效问卷中，对旅游的态度表示很喜欢（33人）和较喜欢（17人）的共50人，占被访总人数的84.7%， 只有7位受访者对旅游的态度是一般，占11.9%；不喜欢的仅仅2人，占3.4% 。这说明大学生这个群体对旅游有着浓厚的兴趣、很高的热情，也证明了大学生旅游市场前景的广阔性。As shown in Figure3,the recovery of 59 valid questionnaires,for t

23、ravel attitude Very good(33)and Better(17) of a total of 50 people,accounting for 84.7% of the total number of interviewed,only 7 respondents were Just OKattitude of tourism,accounting for 11.9%;Dislikeonly 2 people,3.4%.This shows that the group of college students has a strong interest in tourism,

24、high enthusiasm ,also proved the bright future of the tourism market of college students. Fig.3 Travel attitude of undergraduates1.1.4大学生旅游目的地的选择 在问道“喜欢去什么样的地方去旅游时”27人选择到自然风景区coastal city，占45.8%,accounting for 45.8%，14人选择到海滨城市，占23.7%，选择到历史古迹和繁华都市的分别有9人和8人，各占15.3%和13.6%，只有1人选择到红色革命的圣地，比例仅仅占到1.7%，这说明大

25、学生对目的地的选择，自然风景区是最受欢迎的选择。When askedWhat kind of place people like to go to travel,27 people choose toNatural site,accounting for 45.8%;14 of people prefer coastal city,accounting for 23.7%;the proportion of choiceHistorical sites(9) and Metroply 8)respectively 15.3% and 13.6%;only one choice to the R

26、ed revolution,ratio of only 1.7%,which shows the choice of destinations for students,natural site is the most popular choice.1.2保定市在校大学生旅游决策行为分析1.2.1获取旅游信息的渠道 旅游业是一个综合性的行业又是一个敏感的行业，其对信息的依赖性很强。这种依赖性表现之一就是，旅游者在选择旅游目的地的时候，需要参考的旅游信息包括各旅游景点、景区、各旅行社、旅游人数、旅游交通工具、餐饮、住宿、气象等相关的因素。Tourism is both a comprehensi

27、ve and sensitive industry,which has great dependence of information.One of the dependence lies in the fact that people will need a variety of relative information including scenic spots,scenic area,travel agency,tourism transportation,restaurant and accommodations,meteorological phenomena.从图4可以看出，大学

28、生获取旅游信息的主要渠道是经过朋友介绍。一方面，朋友介绍可信度比较高，一般是经过亲自尝试后的结果，这个是其他渠道无法比拟的。另一方面，由于互联网实现了旅游信息的低成本高速传递，它为旅游经营企业提供了全新的信息传播和处理手段，因此选择网络的人数也相对较多。其次是旅行社以及报纸发布的信息。As shown in Figure4,the main channel for students to get travel information is through a friend.On the one hand, the credibility of friends is relatively hig

29、h,generally the results after personally trying , this is unmatched by other channels.On the other hand, the tourism information of the Internet to achieve low-cost high-speed transmission, it provides a new means of information dissemination and processing for tourism enterprises ,so the selection

30、of the number of networks is relatively more. Followed by travel agencies and published information in newspapers. Fig.5 Information channels to undergraduates travelers1.2.2 出游时间 大学生出游有其明显的淡旺季(图6)。旺季主要集中在暑假、国庆黄金周，而周末一般为淡季。但是，随着大学生课程设置时间的不固定性，越来越多的人选择没有固定时间出游，这与大学生的渴望自由和开放性是相关的。Students travel has i

31、ts obvious pale busy season(Figure 6).The peak season mainly concentrated in the summer season,the National Day Golden Week,and the weekend is generally off-season.However,with the college curriculum setting of time is not fixed,more and more people choose to travel without a fixed time,which is rel

32、ated with the desire for free and open to students.Fig.6 Travel time of undergraduates1.2.3出游组织方式 问及出游方式的时候，在收到的有效问卷中，有57.6的学生选择与朋友参团结伴旅游，28.8%的学生选择与朋友自助游，只有3.4%的大学生选择独自旅游。由此可见，这种特征是与大学生的心理特征、年龄特征和学习任务是密切相关的。When asked about the way of travel,in the received valid questionnaires,57.6% of students ch

33、oose travel by agency with friends,28.8% people prefer travel with friends,only 3.4% college students think Self-reliant is a good way to travel.Thus,this feature is closely related to the psychological characteristics ,age characteristics and learning tasks of college students.The way of travelingS

34、elfreliantWith friendsBy agencyBy agency with friendsNumber(people) 217634Proportion(%)3.4 28.8 10.2 57.6 1.2.4 出游顾虑分析 在问到“在什么情况下您去旅游”这一题时，受访者是如下图显示一样选择的。When asked Under what circumstances you travelthis issue,the following figure shows the choices of the respondents.1.3保定市在校大学生经济状况分析1.3.1月生活费状况分析

35、经济因素是影响旅游活动的一个最为重要的因素。在校大学生在经济上不能完全独立。据调查显示，将大学生每月生活费用分为低、中、高三个等级，其中选择每月生活费为300元以下的低标准有4位，占样本的6.8%；选择每月生活费为300-499和500-799元的中等标准的共有42位，占71.2%；选择每月生活费为800以上的高等标准的有13位，占22%。通过统计分析，可以看到中、高等生活费标准的学生的外出旅游能力普遍比低生活费标准的学生强。Economic factor is one of the most important factors that can affect the tourism acti

36、vities.College students can not be completely independent in economy.According to the survey,college students monthly living expenses divided into low, medium, high three levels, which select less than 300 yuan per month cost of living is 4 people,accounting for 6.8%;select monthly living expenses f

37、or 300-499 and 500-799 yuan in medium-standard of a total of 42 people,accounting for 71.2%;choice of life fee more than 800 of the higher standard of 13,accounting for 22%.Through statistical analysis,we can see,the higher living standards for students travel ability in general stronger than the lo

38、w cost of living standard of students. Fig. Monthly living expenses for undergraduates in school standards 在“您选择的旅游产品类型主要是”这一题中，29人选择经济型(吃住行不讲究，主要在乎游)，占50%；28人选择舒适型(吃住行有一定标准，更在乎游)，占47%；只有2人选择豪华型(吃住行游均有较高标准)，占3%.In the What the main types of tourism products you choosethis question,29 people choose t

39、o economy(meals,lodging,do not pay attention,mainly care about the tour),accounting for 50%;the proportion of excited(meals,lodging,there are certain standards,care more about the tour);is 47%;only 2 people choose to luxury(meals,lodging,tours have a higher standard),3%. Fig. Types of tourism produc

40、ts2. 调查研究结论通过以上调查分析，我们可以看到，在校大学生市场确实是一块大蛋糕。但是由于大学生在经济承受能力方面，出游时间方面的各种限制，使得在校大学生出游形不成规模，始终处于小打小闹的状态，这严重制约了大学生旅游市场的规模发展。通过抽样调查并统计调查数据，得出以下结论：Through the above investigation and analysis,we can see,college student is really a big market cake.However,due to the economic capacity of college students,trav

41、el time in a variety of restrictions,making travel do not form a large scale,always chipping away of the small state,which severely restricted the size of the tourism market development of students.Through the sampling and survey data,the following conclusions:2.1.旅游动机强烈strong tourism motivation大学时期

42、是学生由象牙塔走向社会的过渡期，其社会经验不甚丰富，往往对外界充满好奇心；渴望了解世界，希望参加一些开拓眼界、增长见闻的实践活动；再者他们精力充沛，追求刺激，探索欲望强烈，不甘于墨守陈规，易接受新事物，适应环境变化的能力强，因此，大学生的心理特征决定了绝大部分学生愿意出游。而且大学生的在校活动范围往往局限于三点一线，这种狭窄的活动空间使学习生活变得单调、枯燥。而旅游在获得美的享受的同时，也可消除学习所带来的各种紧张和压力。再加上对家庭责任感的淡漠，他们较成年人具有更强的出游动机。The university period is the social transition period for

43、students from ivory tower to the society.In this period,the social experience is not very rich,always full of curiosity to the outside world;eager to know the world,hope to expand the field of vision,growth some knowledge of the practice;Further more,they are full of energy ,have strong desire to ex

44、plore,unwilling to stick to conventions,easy to accept new things,have strong ability to adapt to environmental changes.Therefore,the psychological characteristics of college students determine that most students willing to travel.And college students in school activities are confined to the line,th

45、is narrow space make learning life becomes monotonous and boring .Tourism is not only in the enjoyment of beauty,but also can eliminate the tension and pressure brought by study.Also the indifference of the family sense of responsibility ,they have stronger travel motivation than adults. 2.2 文化水平较高一

46、般来说，受教育程度与对精神生活的追求成正比。受教育状况不同的游客，对旅游景观的审美感知不同，获得的旅游体验也不同。在校大学生正在接受正规的高等教育，自身素质与修养要高于一般游客的平均水平。因此在进行旅游活动中，大学生一般会体现出较高的文化素养。Generally speaking,the education level is proportional to the pursuit of spiritual life.Education status by different tourists,have different landscapes aesthetic perception,and

47、the tourism experience is also different.College students are receiving formal higher education,their quality and culture should be higher than the average level of tourists.Therefore in tourism activities,college students usually reflectsHigher culture quality.2.3 出游顾虑较多More travel concerns 大学生旅游愿望

48、非常强烈，但因其长期生活在学校和家庭的范围内，缺乏旅游经验，社会实践能力较弱，出游顾虑较多。对保定市在校大学生抽样调查表明，大学生出行担心的问题依次是: 费用问题(占42.4%)；时间问题(占27.1%)安全问题（占16.9%）；车票问题(占8.5%)；健康问题(占5.1%)。尤其女生作为其中的弱势群体，对安全等问题考虑更多，因此，旅游企业如果能够解决好这些顾虑，大学生出行将更依赖于旅游企业。College students tourism desire is very strong,but because of its long life in school and family,lack

49、of tourism experience,social practice ability is weak and there are many travel concerns.According to the sample survey of college students in Baoding,the worried problems about students travel in order:Travel-expense(42.4%),Time(27.1%),Safety(16.9%),Ticket problem(8.5%),Physical condition(5.1%).Esp

50、ecially girls as one of the vulnerable groups,they will consider more about safety issue.Therefore,if the enterprises can solve these concerns,college students travel will be more dependent on tourism enterprises.3.企业的应对方法建议 大学生旅游市场蕴涵着巨大的经济效益和社会效益。搞好大学生旅游市场不仅是旅游业界和教育部门要做好的工作，同时也需要旅游企业的协调和相应的政策支持，共同构

51、建新时期大学生旅游网络，全面培育我国大学生旅游市场，为我国旅游业持续发展和经济建设增添新的亮点。College students tourist market has a great economic benefits and social benefit.Do a good job in the tourism market of students is not only the tourism industry and education departments,but also the need for tourism enterprises to coordinate and the

52、corresponding policy support,and establish the university students travel network,cultivate our college students tourism market for our tourism sustainable development and economic construction add a new bright spot.3.1 开拓重点旅游市场The new focus of tourism market 大学生旅游市场中最具开发潜力的重点市场有三：一是大学生的春秋游市场。在我国高校中

53、，每年春秋季同学结伴的旅游已形成一种趋势，所以组织集体旅游的可能性较高；二是经济条件较好的大学生。这里就包括家庭条件较好的大学生和可自创收入的大学生，他们大都具有较强的旅游动机，且旅游消费也较大；三是高年级大学生。高年级大学生比低年级大学生思想更成熟，行为更独立，旅游倾向更强烈。 There are three most potential points in college students tourism market: one is spring and autumn tour market.In our countrys colleges and universities,there

54、is a trend that students go travel together in summer or autumn each year, so the possibility of collective tour is higher; the other is the rich students group.Here,including better family condition students and can create income students,most of them has a strong tourism motivation and tourism con

55、sumption is large. the last one is the senior and junior students group.They have thoughts more mature thoughts,more independent behavior,so ,their tourism tendency is stronger than lower grade students.3.2推出多种符合大学生需求的旅游产品旅游产品是吸引游客、开拓市场的基础。要有针对性地开发大学生旅游产品，改变旅游产品单一、市场针对性不强的弊端，形成适合大学生旅游产品系列。不同群体旅游行为特征

56、的差异性决定了其各自在旅游活动中的偏好问题。所以从大学生性别、年级和学科性质出发推出多元化、多层次、个性化旅游产品是非常必要的,这也是从根本上有效地开发大学生旅游市场的途径。基于大学生心理和生理的特点，以下旅游产品值得关注：Tourism product is the basis of attracting more visitors and exploiting larger markets.We should pertinently develop the tourism product for college students,by avoiding the disadvantage o

57、f one type tourism product and less marketing target,so as to form tourism product series suitable for colleague students.The different tourist activities determine their preference of choosing the product.Therefore,it is of great necessity for us to develop,diversified,multilevel and personal touri

58、st products according to their genders and majors,which is also one of the effective and thorough way of expoiling tourist market for college students.Based on the physical and mental features of college students,the following tourism products are to be paid attention to . （1）专题旅游Special tourism旅游企业

59、可设计一些学习目的较强、能增进社会实践经验和开拓眼界的旅游，如英语学习的夏令营、少数民族地区的文化采风游等等；大学生专项旅游产品还可以与“三下乡”、“服务西部志愿者计划”等社会公益活动组合起来，让大学生的旅游活动与奉献社会，体现自身价值有机结合。Tourism enterprises can design some travel terms which were strong learning objectives,social experience enhancing and horizons exploiting, , such as the English summer camp, mi

60、nority area culture folk tour and so on; college students special tourism products can also combine with theactivity of disseminating and promoting the knowledge of technology, culture and sanitation to people in rural areas , West volunteer Program and other social welfare activities ; , so that to

61、urism activities can company with the contributing to society, and to reflecting the combination of their own values（2） 探险旅游Adventure tourism大学生追求个性化，喜爱标新立异，喜欢进行探险或令人惊心动魄的旅游活动。旅游企业在安全有保障的条件下，可开展漂流、攀岩、探秘等探险旅游活动，这些旅游产品一定会在大学生市场中得到很大的欢迎。College students pursue personalized,love to do something unconven

62、tional or unorthodox,are fond of exploration or a thrilling travel activities.In the safe and secure conditions,tourism enterprises can launch some adventure activities like rafting,rock climbing,Quest and others,these tourism products will get welcome in the market of college student tourists.（3）生态

63、旅游Ecological tourism新时代的大学生环保意识很强，许多高校还成立了环保社团。针对大学生崇尚自然、保护环境的心态，设计生态旅游产品，一定会得到大学生的青睐,比如说徒步旅行等。College students in the new era has strong consciousness of environmental protection,many college schools even set up environmental protection organizations.According to the mentality of advocate nature,pr

64、otect environment of college students, if we design ecological tourism products,will get the favor of college students,for example hiking,etc. （4）就业考察旅游Employment investigation tourism针对学生比较关心的就业问题，旅行社可以设计以就业培训、开拓眼界为主题的就业游，到知名企业考察工作环境。通过这种专题旅游，让大学生全面感受城市的环境文化氛围，了解城市的消费水平、发展趋势以及行业的收入状况等等。相信这一旅游产品会得到大学生的很大的兴趣。Students are more concerned about the employment problem,travel agency can design some employment tourism for the theme of obtain employment t