儿童家具的人性化设计外文翻译

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1、外文翻译原文Researches and Development of InteractiveEducational Toys for ChildrenSun Yingying, Guo Liyan，Zhang ZuyaoZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou, ChinaAbstract: For Oriented by the teaching philosophy game based learning, this paper carried out an in-depth research on the interactive mode of chil

2、drens educational toys. In the research process, it attempted to build a new immersed educational-game scenario for children by using the new interactive technology so as to inspire the childrens interest in learning and exploration. The research object in this paper was an interactive educational t

3、oy-funny tap English learning machine for children. After integrating the design concept of this product from an industrial design perspective, we selected specific interactive technology and completed the engineering. Moreover, we have conducted tests of work principles and effect of usage based on

4、 the sample machine. The final result indicated that there is a promising and huge market potential to apply the new interactive technology to development of educational toys. Keywords: Interactive Educational Toys, Interactive Design, interactive mode 1. INTRODUCTIONSince 1980s, human beings includ

5、ing the children have entered a digital age. Under the influence of the advanced information, early stage education machines, electronic building blocks, electronic wall charts, and other new toys have become childrens new favorites. With the influence of the west teaching philosophy-game based lear

6、ning, parents are strongly agreed with such toys for children. These modern educational toys will become the mainstream of toy development due to their promotion of childrens learning, practical ability, creativity and imagination. Interaction exists in all things contacted by humans, and interactiv

7、e design emerged to design a kind of communication and dialogue between human and objects to minimize the cognitive conflict. As a new design theory, interactive design has a wide range of applications in designing educational toys. 2. THE PLAN AND BENEFITS OF THE INTERACTIVE MODE OF CHILDREN S TOYS

8、 The rise of various digital technologies, such as voice recognition, 3D video, and virtual reality technology etc., gives new experience to peoples perception. The author aimed to apply these new digital technologies to the researches of interactive educational toys design. The plan of the interact

9、ive mode of childrens educational toys: 2.1. Voice Interaction Voice interaction voice includes touch voice interaction, voice command interaction and intelligent voice interaction. Touch voice interaction and voice command interaction have been very common, such as electronic wall charts, televox;

10、intelligent voice interaction is the authors aim to create a genuine dialogue between children and simulation toys through digital technology, to foster childrens language ability, particularly in a family with only one child, the children need a partner to accompany them to learn and play with. 2.2

11、. Video Interaction Video interaction can be divided into 2D image interaction and 3D video interaction. The former has been broadly used in toys, such as in multimedia courseware, image or video of horse will appear when referring to horse; 3D video interaction is the authors aim to apply 3D projec

12、tion technology in the play process, for instance, when referring to a green grassland, a grassland projection will appear so that children feel like being on the grassland, which enhances childrens learning experience; meanwhile, this enhanced emotional experience will prolong the memory retention

13、time or even extend to a ultra- long-term memory. 2.3. Narrative Interaction Narrative interaction is to conceive a story for the toy and offer a task role for children to make them participate in the story. The steps are shown in Figure 1: Fig. 1. The steps of narrative interaction Based on childre

14、ns curiosity and imitation psychology as well as the investigation of the games, the author found the correct application of story interaction in educational toys can greatly mobilize childrens learning enthusiasm, for example, we conceive an English learning process as treasure hunt activity. In th

15、is activity, the words are hidden in the treasure box, and children themselves are explorers, if they put one or a few words together, they will get a treasure box, and they can also make a competition with peers to get the treasure boxes. Through establishment of game theme, selection of roles, and

16、 plot development in the activities, children not only increase their knowledge of English, also learn how to get along with peers and develop good self-awareness. 2.4. Web Virtual Reality Interaction Web virtual reality interaction is virtual imaging through network connections, making you feel lik

17、e your partners sitting, playing and learning with you, to deliberate the loneliness in the contemporary families, and promote childrens learning initiative in the competitive context. Psychological research shows that with respect to the learners, the learning behavior resulting in emotional pleasu

18、re experience will produce a positive emotional resonance, thereby enhancing the learners learning initiative and enthusiasm. The realistic educational-game scenario created by interactive educational toys for children not only brings emotional pleasure experience to children so that learning is no

19、longer boring for them with a purpose of mobilizing the enthusiasm of study and developing creative thinking, but also enhances childrens social communication ability to help children establish good social character favorable for their life. 3. DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL TOYFUNNY TAP Par

20、ents are head-ached on childrens learning English, so we focus on developing an interactive English learning toy to help the children remembering words in game scenario and stimulate their interests in learning English, and training childrens hand operation and brain coordination. The development pr

21、actice procedure of interactive toy for children-funny tap is shown in Figure 2 as following: Fig. 2. The development practice procedure of funny tap 3.1. The development process of interactive concept of interactive educational toy-funny tap It is the development process of funny tap interactive co

22、ncept. After investigating the object group of children and parents about their needs of English learning machine, we summarized six key indicators such as security, fun and incentive. Here we mainly describe three models of interactions shaded in Figure 3. To meet the requirement of fun, the author

23、 designed a narrative interactive process, as is shown in Figure 3: Fig. 3. The narrative interactive process of funny tap The word learning process is conceived as a game of whack-a-mole, imagining there are N mole holes, and there are M letters in a word (i.e. M moles with a letter). If you tap do

24、wn M jumping moles in accordance with the order, you will get the cheers, if the tap is not correct, it will continue to call come on; meanwhile, the action of tap is not only funny, but also effective to train childrens hands and brain coordination. Voice interaction was prepared by the microcontro

25、ller program to control the voice modules. There are two features regarding the funny pat: one is word pronunciation; the other is the design of the applause and cheering voices for reward and punishment, which help to reach the goal of incentive. In the first stage, video interaction was prepared b

26、y displaying the letters on buttons through LED dot matrix character display modules mainly controlled by microcontroller; in the second stage, we provided toy with 3D projector for projecting the whole process in the air to construct a 3D emotional scenario, and the action of tap is to tap the proj

27、ections in the air.3.2. Principle diagram of interactive educational toy for children-funny tap The operation principle of funny tap is shown in Figure 4: Fig. 4. The operation principle of funny tap The system consists of six components, such as voice module, LED indicator, action back module, MCU,

28、 power module and LED dot matrix character display module. Among these, the three formers are connected with MCU through 8-bit data bus; LED dot matrix character display module is connected with the microcontroller through the 12C bus. Voice module stores English word pronunciation documents needed

29、in the game, and MCU pronounces the word by controlling the voice module via the bus. LED dot matrix character display module consists of driver chips and the 8*8 LED matrix. MCU bus control LED dot matrix character display module via I2C to show the corresponding English letters. Action back module

30、 tests and captures the players actions during the game for the MCU to judge whether the player conducts normal actions to control the game process. 3.3. Appearance design process of interactive educational toy-funny tap The following Figure 5 is a design process from sketch, modelling, model-making

31、 to the final product and the drawing of the product structure explosion. Fig. 5. Appearance design process of funny tap 3.4. Interaction test Sample of N (N is an odd number) preschool children was randomly selected to test the products availability, usability and users willingness of using it. Mai

32、nly onsite testing observation and questionnaire survey, and then we improve the product according to the test results. Testing times are equal to or more than I so as to find the products with highest interaction. In the product final trial, most of parents fed back that this toy combined fun and k

33、nowledge well and the whole learning process was very smooth and the children were very happy when learning.4. SUMMARY AND PROSPECT China is a large country of toy manufacturing, but it still remains in the stage of imitating foreign design, especially in educational toy design. The research and pra

34、ctice of interactive educational toys in this study is expected to give some thought and inspiration to toy designers so as to further promote the development of Chinese toy industry. REFERENCES I Liu Zaihua, Childrens Social Intelligence, Anhui Peoples Publishing House, 2008. 2 KARL T. ULRICH, STEV

35、EN D. EPPINGER, Product Design and Developmen, Higher Education Press, 2005. 3 (U.S.) Robert J. stembeg, Translated by Yang Bingjun, Chen Yan, Chow Zhiling, Cognitive Psychology, Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2006. 4 Zhang Zhcnzhong, Li Yanjun, Classification Research of Educational Toys, Tex

36、tiles and Design, December 2008 Vol. 12. 5 Li Qiaodan, Xia Hongwen, On the Function of Digitized Bran-training Toys in Elementary Education, China Education Informationalization Issuing Department. 6 Song Jun, Researches on Design Principles of Childrens Educational Toys, Online. Available: 7 Liu Mi

37、ngliang, The Principle Production and Purchasing of Electronic Toys, New Era Press, 1992. Toy development and design based on the needs of older personsAbstract: In china, aging and the life-quality of older persons has become todays important issues of social concern, and how to solve this problem

38、thus turns to be an important challenge in the design and development of supplies for the old. Now, the ensuing ways to solve varied. For instance, the design community has put emphasis on the design and development of the supplies for the old, but a large part of these de signs were for medical car

39、e and medical products of the senior person. The designs for the vast majority of the healthy people in their senior age are rarely involved. In this, I think, for the function of toys, the emphasis on the development of physical and mental health of older persons is the key, so to rethink the devel

40、opment of toys for the old persons in china is one of the ways. Keywords: Toys for the old, Needs design, humane careMentions of the toys, we always unconsciously think of the innocent children, as if toys are just childs belongings. With the improvement of living standards, emphasis on the toys is

41、constantly improved. To meet the needs of children, various designs are brought out, and then from luxury goods, toys have gradually become the childs necessities. However, the authorities of the china toy association state that the toy is no longer the childrens only product: toy concept has been e

42、xtended and functional and practical range of modern toy has been further expanded. Toys not only inspire children, but also become the recreation products for the seniors. The old also need toys that could meet their spiritual needs and enrich their life in later years.1 Status of the development a

43、nd design of toys for the seniors In china, toy for the old is still an industry to be developed. Senior people, as customers, they have needs and also purchasing power, but no targeted toys for them. There are as much as 130 million seniors in china who would be a huge consumer group, but the resea

44、rch and development of toys for old consumers has lagged behind developed country for more than 30 years. In America, the toys designed for the senior amount to 40% of the toy market. The toy market for old persons is more mature. They have many toy stores for the seniors throughout the urban and ru

45、ral areas. Also our neighbor Japan does well in the development of toys for the old persons, and most toy companies have produced toys for seniors, and continued to introduce new products.2 The meaning of the development of toys for the seniors Retiring from work, the senior people get more time tha

46、n before. Besides watching TV at home, they have no many alternative entertainments. Some old people have been for a long period in loneliness. Over time, they are prone to depression, anxiety disorder and Alzheimers, seriously affecting their physical and mental health and become burden to children

47、 and society. Li guangqing in department of rehabilitation of Beijing Xuanwu Hospital once said: “with age increasing, the function of the body of the seniors gradually degraded, and their reaction will be clumsier. At the same time, retirement from work, the opportunity for the old to use their bra

48、in reduces, which further brings the decline of attention and cognitive ability. Except to maintain good habits and moderate exercise, to slow down brain aging, putting hands and brain in work at the same time is the most effective way, which is exactly the function of toys. for people with Alzheime

49、rs, playing with toys, to some extent, would alleviate the condition. Therefore, toys can develop peoples thinking ability, and improve our intelligence. If the seniors play with toys constantly, the aging of the brain and the Alzheimers would be effectively prevented. Medical experts found that to

50、maintain old peoples intelligence, we must first fully protect the brain. In addition to proper nutrition and adequate sleep, the seniors should make most of the brain. Just as Chinese saying tells that” water does not rot, and the door hinge is never worm-eaten “, the more one use his brain, the mo

51、re sensitive it becomes. Playing with toys is exactly a good way to use the brain. With toys, the old people not only receive more information, at the same time become more optimistic than before, thereby enhancing their immune system function.3 The needs-analysis of toys for the old What is a needs

52、 analysis? This approach is to focus on the users needs. Users needs are sources of many new products. What is the demand-design? it is the most front-end process for new product in its life cycle, and decides the success or failure of the new products. Needs-design starts from the businesses and de

53、signers judgment of the market or the needs of users, and ends at planning proposals or technical specifications on description of the product development. Understand the market or user demand is a high-level investment for the success of the product.The development and design of toys for old person

54、s should start from the needs of the seniors. Only a real understanding of the old consumers and their psychological and physiological needs can bring toys that give practical cares for the seniors physically and spiritually. Toys for the old should bring human care. Toy design process should be int

55、egrated into this concept. The aim of the toy design for the old is enhanced, with seniors-centered design principles, and with the help of analysis on the seniors physiological psychological characteristics, cultural level and lifestyle. The toy design principle that shows humane care for the senio

56、rs is reflected at the same time. (1)Safety first To varying degrees, the judgment, cognitive ability and ability to respond of the old people weaken, thus in the process of using the product, they inevitably make mistakes. In case a threat to physical and mental health occurs, they usually are unab

57、le to escape the danger. Therefore, toys for the seniors should be fault-tolerant. So that, the old people even make a mistake, there will be no danger. Here the reduction of operation process and the set of message for safe operation is an effective way to ensure the safety of the seniors with toys

58、.(2)Moderate difficult The design of toys for the old should be of moderate difficulty, and the purpose is to arouse their interest in playing. If too simple, it would not enhance the interest of the seniors and thus would not achieve the aim of exercising the brain; if too difficult, it would be st

59、renuous for them to learn, and consequently cause a sense of failure which is not conducive to their mental health.(3)Easy to identify The toy should have a familiar form and an understandable functional theory for the old. It should also be equipped with an interface in keeping with the experience

60、and habits of the seniors. Besides, the toys that need interface design, should take into account the graphic symbols, size, color, clarity of sound, light intensity.(4)Facilitate communication Peoples feelings need to vent and exchange, especially for the seniors. For them, emotional communication

61、is indispensable to maintain their vitality, and improve the quality of life. Playing with toys, there are many ways for the old to choose, such as: taking turns to participate, working together and racing in the game. The development of multiple-persons playing toys is to create a harmonious enviro

62、nment in which they can talk when play. So the core of toy-development is to involve the participants as much as possible. For the participating ways, common collaborative participatory approach is the best, which is more conducive to conversation, and get to know some new friends. In this way the s

63、eniors can expand their social circle with emotional exchange.(5)The effect for keeping fitness and developing intelligence Increasing with age, peoples organ recession becomes an objective physiological phenomenon. In order to maintain good physical function and mental state, and improve the qualit

64、y of life, fitness puzzle is a very important content in the lives of older persons. Body-building that can achieve with playing toys is the most basic needs of older persons. Old people by playing intellectual toys can effectively prevent Alzheimers disease, so to maintain the flexibility of the se

65、niors mind is the main direction of the toy development.(6)Cultural connotations Life experiences bring the old people with more comprehensive concept of life, thus toys with a certain ideological and cultural depth usually put them in recollecting and thinking of issues. Toys for the seniors are different from those for children: a child plays a toy intuitively, while the old emphasize the toys inherent fun, and show