外墙保温及节能材料毕业设计外文翻译

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1、 Journal of China Institute of building, 2008, 137(8): 0732-9764.External wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials Abstract: This paper used on the exterior of our current technology and energy-saving insulation material to be addressed. Vigorously promoting external insulation technol

2、ogy, new energy-saving materials to strengthen the development and use of energy-saving construction so that really to be implemented.Key words: energy-saving building；materials The implementation of building energy conservation and environmental protection and energy conservation policy and the mai

3、n contents of the national economy and implementing sustainable development is an important component part. In such a series of energy conservation policies, regulations, standards and mandatory provisions under the guidance of Chinas energy-saving housing construction work has been constantly deepe

4、ned, energy conservation standards continuously, and the introduction of development, many new energy-saving technologies and materials, and in residential buildings to promote use. However, Chinas current level of building energy conservation, but also much lower than the developed countries, China

5、s energy consumption per unit area construction climate is similar to the developed countries, three times to five times. Cold in the north building heating energy consumption accounts for the local society more than 20% of energy consumption, and the vast majority are used in thermal power generati

6、on and coal-fired boilers, at the same time to cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the construction of this century, Chinas energy-saving construction is an important topic. In the construction of the external structure for the heat loss larger, external retaining structure in the wall

7、 and make up a large share. Therefore, the reform and building wall wall is the development of energy-saving technologies building energy-saving technology one of the most important part of the external wall insulation technology and the development of energy-saving construction materials is the mai

8、n energy-saving mode.1.An external wall insulation technology Energy-saving insulation wall construction techniques can be divided into external walls, insulation and Exterior Insulation two categories.1.1 insulation technology and its features External wall insulation in construction, in the intern

9、al and external structure to the insulation layer. Construction of insulation fast, convenient operation flexible and can ensure the construction progress. Application of thermal insulation within a longer time, mature technology, construction techniques and testing standards are relatively sound. I

10、n 2001 the external wall insulation in construction, about 90 percent of the engineering applications, insulation technology. Been in the area to promote the insulation technology: Enhanced gypsum composite polystyrene insulation board, polymer mortar composite polystyrene insulation board, reinforc

11、ed cement composite polystyrene insulation board, the Interior paste polystyrene board clean wall plaster and polystyrene particles floor insulation Mortar and cracking slurry pressure Network Haile practice. However, the use of thermal insulation will be more occupied area, thermal bridge is no eas

12、y solution, making it easy to crack, but will also affect the construction speed, the second decoration of the affected residents, and the hoisting of the interior walls and fixed objects can easily damage the insulation structure. Insulation within the technical unreasonable, its decision must be r

13、eplaced by the insulation. 3 string 1.2, and its technical characteristics of insulation Exterior Insulation is vigorously promoting the construction of a thermal insulation energy-saving technologies. Exterior Insulation compared with the thermal insulation, technical reasonable, and there are obvi

14、ous advantages of using the same specifications, the same size and performance of insulation materials, exterior insulation, insulation effect than good. Exterior Insulation technology not only apply to the new structure works, but also to transform the old buildings, applicable to a wide range of h

15、igh technology content; exterior insulation package in the main structure of the outer side to protect the main structure, and extend the life of buildings; effectively reduce The thermal structure of the bridge, construction of an effective increase in space at the same time eliminating condensatio

16、n and improve the living comfort. Materials net Currently insulation on the external walls of relatively mature technologies include the following types. 1.2.1 plug-Exterior Insulation Plug the insulation material ROCK (ORE), cotton, glass wool carpets, polystyrene foam (polystyrene board, EPS, XPS)

17、, polyphenylene Artificial Stone ceramic decorative concrete composite insulation panels, steel mesh-Sandwich such as wallboard. One for polystyrene board has excellent physical properties and cheap cost, in the world has been within the scope of the external wall insulation plug technology is widel

18、y used. The technology is plug mortar or adhesive is used for the fixed pieces of insulation materials will be posted, pegged to the outer walls, then the floor cracking mortar, pressed glass fiber Mesh protective layer formation, and the last to do decorative surface. A further approach is the use

19、of a dedicated fixed-absorbent will be difficult various insulation board fixed the outer walls, and then aluminium, natural stone, stained glass, and other pre-production plug in the keel, the direct formation of decorative surface. Mr. IM Pei designed by the Bank of China head office building, the

20、 insulation is used in this design. This plug-in insulation installation time-consuming, difficult construction and construction-led occupation period, the main question can only after acceptance construction. Conducting high-level construction, the construction of the security personnel not be guar

21、anteed. 1.2.2 polystyrene board with a wall casting molding This technology is in the concrete frame - polystyrene board shear system will be built into the architecture template, will be pouring in the lateral wall, and then pouring concrete, concrete pouring and molding polystyrene board for a com

22、posite wall. The technology to solve the plug-in insulation of the main issues of its advantages is obvious. As the external walls of the main insulation layer with a survival, improve efficiency, greatly shorten the construction period, and the safety of construction workers be guaranteed. But in t

23、he winter construction, the role of polystyrene insulation Banqi can reduce the external envelope insulation measures. But we should pay attention to pouring concrete uniform, continuous casting, otherwise concrete lateral pressure caused the impact polystyrene board in the FORM REMOVAL after deform

24、ation and wrong stubble, impact on the construction sequence. The built-in polystyrene board which can be double-sided steel mesh, it could be a single screen of steel. Double Wire Fabric benzene plate and concrete connections, relies mainly on the medial wall and the steel mesh-banding and lateral

25、reinforcement of concrete and polystyrene board of bonding, the combination of good performance, high security. Single Wire Fabric benzene plate and concrete connections, rely mainly on the concrete and polystyrene board and the bonding Chacha reinforced, L, such as steel and concrete wall of the an

26、chorage, with better performance. And double steel mesh, compared to one-sided steel mesh technology with the cancellation of the inner steel mesh and installation of insulation board before the board lateral plastering, saving time and materials. Its cost can be reduced by 10 percent. However, the

27、two approaches are used steel mesh planes, the higher cost, and the steel is hot-conductor, direct heat will be reduced wall insulation effect. We are concrete and polystyrene board with a grid molding compound wall were studied. The experimental results show that, in concrete slurry of suitable con

28、ditions, the direct use of concrete as an adhesive to paste polystyrene board, it is entirely possible. When we polystyrene board on the back of treatment, with concrete bonding further improve (the average bond strength can be achieved 0.07 Mpa, and damage occurred in polystyrene board). The techno

29、logy-steel mesh canceled its performance of the insulation, and once again cut the cost of board. After its long-term durability demonstration, the project can be widely used.1.2.3 polystyrene insulation slurry particles external insulationWill be abandoned polystyrene plastic (for EPS) processing b

30、roken into the 0.5 to 4 mm particle, as a lightweight aggregate to the preparation insulation mortar. The technology includes the insulation layer, the protective layer and cracking impermeability of protection layer (or layer of impermeable surface cracking of the mortar in 1). ZL powder particles

31、of polystyrene insulation materials and technology in 1998 by the Ministry of Construction as on the national law. This method is now widely recognized wall insulation technology. The construction technique is simple and can reduce the labor intensity, and improving work efficiency; difference in th

32、e quality of the structure from the impact of the wall on the defective construction of the wall need repair leveling, and the direct use of slurry Huabu insulation can avoid other Insulation Construction Technology for plastering leveling off Houer shedding phenomenon. At the same time the external

33、 wall insulation technology to solve the engineering harsh conditions resulting from the use of easy interface debonding hollowing, surface cracking, and other problems easier to achieve Exterior Insulation an important breakthrough technology. Insulation and other things, compared to the same insul

34、ating effect of the circumstances, its lower cost, lower housing construction costs. For example, with polystyrene insulation boards, compared to per square metre can reduce about 25 yuan. Fraunhofer-new home in Tianjin high-level external insulation is used in the works of such technology.Energy-sa

35、ving insulation materials are adiabatic materials. Insulation material is used for building envelope or thermal equipment, heat transfer impedance of the material or composite materials, including insulation materials, including insulation materials. The significance of thermal insulation material,

36、on the one hand to meet the architectural space or thermal equipment thermal environment, on the other hand in order to save energy. With worldwide energy growing tensions in the energy-saving aspects of thermal insulation material on the significance of significant outstanding. Residents generally

37、only heating air conditioning, insulation enclosure through the use of material that can be on the basis of the existing energy-saving 50% to 80%. According to Japans Energy Conservation Practice has proved that the use of 1 ton per insulation materials, can save three tons of standard coal / year,

38、the energy efficiency of the cost of production is 10 times. Therefore, some countries insulation material as is the coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear energy after the fifth-largest energy.Insulation on the external wall insulation is insulation materials as building envelope, development and ap

39、plication of highly efficient insulation thermal insulation material is to ensure that building an effective energy-saving measures. At present the worlds least developed countries, are on the insulation material production and application very seriously, and energy-saving construction work is done

40、well, and they attach importance to the development of insulation materials and are inseparable. 2.1 insulation material properties Adiabatic is to maximize the thermal impedance of the transmission and therefore asked the insulation material must be large and small thermal resistance of the thermal

41、 conductivity.Speaking from the composition of materials, organic polymer generally are smaller than the thermal conductivity inorganic materials; non-metallic thermal conductivity coefficient is less than metallic materials; gaseous substances is less than the thermal conductivity of liquid materia

42、l, liquid than solid material. Therefore, in conditions permitting, should make full use of organic polymer materials or amorphous inorganic materials, which is beneficial for the insulation insulation.In addition, insulation insulation materials must also be able to resist the impact of load, the e

43、nvironment is consistent with the use of mechanical strength. Its better performance bond, still a small contraction rate and the environment in line with the durability. 9 string 3 Summary At present, Chinas external wall insulation technology developed very quickly, and energy conservation is the

44、focus of the work. External wall insulation technology with the development of innovative energy-saving materials are inextricably linked, building energy efficiency must be the development of new energy-saving materials for the premise, there must be sufficient insulation insulation materials as a

45、foundation. Energy-saving materials and the development of the external wall insulation must be technology, we can really play its role. It is precisely because of the energy-saving materials innovation, and the superiority of external insulation technology was increasing peoples attention. Therefor

46、e, in the external wall insulation technology to promote the same time, we must step up the development of new energy-saving materials and the use and thus truly achieve energy-saving construction. References 1. Huxiaoyuan, Xu Lin. Building insulation materials of the present situation and prospects

47、 of the application. Insulation materials and energy-saving technologies, 2002, (6): 2-4 2. Liu Hongtao, etc. Insulation on the external walls of several common forms and materials. Building Technology and Application, 2001, (1): 39 to 40 3. Guo Ying. External walls, insulation, energy-saving techno

48、logy in residential construction in the role of construction technology development, 2002, (2): 46 to 48 中国建造学会期刊, 2008, 137(8): 0732-9764.外墙保温及节能材料 摘 要 本文就当前我国常用的外墙保温技术及节能材料加以论述。在大力推广外墙保温技术的同时，要加强新型节能材料的开发和利用，从而使建筑节能真正得以实施。关键词 建筑材料，建筑节能简介建筑节能是执行国家环境保护和节约能源政策的主要内容，是贯彻国民经济可持续发展的重要组成部分。 在这样一系列的节能政策、法规

49、、标准和强制性条文的指导下，我国住宅建设的节能工作不断深入，节能标准不断提高，引进开发了许多新型的节能技术和材料，在住宅建筑中大家，我国建筑单位面积能耗仍是气候相近的发达国家的3倍5倍。北方寒冷地区的建筑采暖能耗已占当地全社会能耗的20%以上，且绝大部分都是采用火力发电和燃煤锅炉，同时给环境带来严重的污染。所以建筑节能还是本世纪我国建筑业的一个重要的课题。在建筑中，外围护结构的热损耗较大，外围护结构中墙体又占了很大份额。所以建筑墙体改革与墙体节能技术的发展是建筑节能技术力推广使用。但我国目前的建筑节能水平，还远低于发达国的一个最重要的环节，发展外墙保温技术及节能材料则是建筑节能的主要实现方式。

50、1外墙保温技术 节能保温墙体施工技术主要分为外墙内保温和外墙外保温两大类1.1内保温技术及其特点外墙内保温施工，是在外墙结构的内部加做保温层。内保温施工速度快，操作方便灵活，可以保证施工进度。内保温应用时间较长，技术成熟，施工技术及检验标准是比较完善的。在2001年外墙保温施工中约有90%以上的工程应用内保温技术。被大面积推广的内保温技术有：增强石膏复合聚苯保温板、聚合物砂浆复合聚苯保温板、增强水泥复合聚苯保温板、内墙贴聚苯板抹粉刷石膏及抹聚苯颗粒保温料浆加抗裂砂浆压入网格布的做法。但内保温会多占用使用面积，“热桥”问题不易解决，容易引起开裂，还会影响施工速度，影响居民的二次装修，且内墙悬挂和

51、固定物件也容易破坏内保温结构。内保温在技术上的不合理性，决定了其必然要被外保温所替代。1.2 外保温技术及其特点外保温是目前大力推广的一种建筑保温节能技术。外保温与内保温相比，技术合理，有其明显的优越性，使用同样规格、同样尺寸和性能的保温材料，外保温比内保温的效果好。外保温技术不仅适用于新建的结构工程，也适用于旧楼改造，适用于范围广，技术含量高；外保温包在主体结构的外侧，能够保护主体结构，延长建筑物的寿命；有效减少了建筑结构的热桥，增加建筑的有效空间；同时消除了冷凝，提高了居住的舒适度。 目前比较成熟的外墙保温技术主要有以下几种。1.2.1 外挂式外保温外挂的保温材料有岩（矿）棉、玻璃棉毡、聚

52、苯乙烯泡沫板（简称聚苯板，EPS、XPS）、陶粒混凝土复合聚苯仿石装饰保温板、钢丝网架夹芯墙板等。其中聚苯板因具有优良的物理性能和廉价的成本，已经在全世界范围内的外墙保温外挂技术中被广泛应用。该外挂技术是采用粘接砂浆或者是专用的固定件将保温材料贴、挂在外墙上，然后抹抗裂砂浆，压入玻璃纤维网格布形成保护层，最后加做装饰面。还有一种做法是用专用的固定件将不易吸水的各种保温板固定在外墙上，然后将铝板、天然石材、彩色玻璃等外挂在预先制作的龙骨上，直接形成装饰面。由贝聿铭先生设计的中国银行总行办公楼的外保温就是采用的这种设计。这种外挂式的外保温安装费时，施工难度大，且施工占用主导工期，待主体验收完后才可

53、以进行施工。在进行高层施工时，施工人员的安全不易得到保障。1.2.2聚苯板与墙体一次浇注成型该技术是在混凝土框剪体系中将聚苯板内置于建筑模板内，在即将浇注的墙体外侧，然后浇注混凝土，混凝土与聚苯板一次浇注成型为复合墙体。该技术解决了外挂式外保温的主要问题，其优势是很明显的。由于外墙主体与保温层一次成活，工效提高，工期大大缩短，且施工人员的安全性得到了保证。而且在冬季施工时，聚苯板起保温的作用，可减少外围围护保温措施。但在浇注混凝土时要注意均匀、连续浇注，否则由于混凝土侧压力的影响会造成聚苯板在拆模后出现变形和错茬，影响后序施工。其中内置的聚苯板可以是双面钢丝网的，也可以是单面钢丝网的。双面钢丝

54、网聚苯板与混凝土的连接，主要是依靠内侧钢丝网架与墙体外侧配筋相绑扎及混凝土与聚苯板的粘接力，其结合性能良好，具有较高的安全度。单面钢丝网聚苯板与混凝土的连接，主要依靠混凝土与聚苯板的粘接力以及斜插钢筋、L型钢等与混凝土墙体的锚固力，结合性能也较好。与双钢丝网相比较，单面钢丝网技术因取消了内侧钢丝网和安装保温板前的板外侧抹灰，节省了工时和材料。其造价可降低10%左右。但此两种做法都采用了钢丝网架，造价较高，且钢材是热的良导体，直接传热，会降低墙体的保温效果。我们对于混凝土与无网架聚苯板一次成型复合墙体进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，在混凝土中水泥浆量合适的条件下，直接利用混凝土作为粘接剂来粘贴聚苯

55、板，是完全可能的。当我们对聚苯板的背面进行处理之后，其与混凝土的粘接力进一步提高（其平均粘接强度可以达到0.07Mpa，而且破坏均发生在聚苯板内）。此技术取消了钢丝网架，其保温性能提高，而且板的成本再次降低。在经过对其长期耐久性论证之后，工程中可以推广使用。1.2.3聚苯颗粒保温料浆外墙保温将废弃的聚苯乙烯塑料（简称为EPS）加工破碎成为0.54mm的颗粒，作为轻集料来配制保温砂浆。该技术包含保温层、抗裂防护层和抗渗保护面层（或是面层防渗抗裂二合一砂浆层）。其中ZL胶粉聚苯颗粒保温材料及技术在1998年就被建设部列为国家级工法。这种工法是目前被广泛认可的外墙保温技术。该施工技术简便，可以减少劳

56、动强度，提高工作效率；不受结构质量差异的影响，对有缺陷的墙体施工时墙面不需修补找平，直接用保温料浆找补即可，避免了别的保温施工技术因找平抹灰过厚而脱落的现象。同时该技术解决了外墙保温工程中因使用条件恶劣造成界面层易脱粘空鼓、面层易开裂等问题，从而实现外墙外保温技术的重要突破。与别的外保温相比较，在达到同样保温效果的情况下，其成本较低，可降低房屋建筑造价。例如与聚苯板外保温相比较，每平方米可降低25元左右。在天津云琅新居高层外墙保温工程中采用的就是此种技术。节能材料属于保温绝热材料。绝热材料是指用于建筑围护或者热工设备、阻抗热流传递的材料或者材料复合体，既包括保温材料，也包括保冷材料。绝热材料的

57、意义，一方面是为了满足建筑空间或热工设备的热环境，另一方面是为了节约能源。随着世界范围内能源的日趋紧张，绝热材料在节能方面的意义日显突出。仅就一般的居民采暖的空调而言，通过使用绝热围护材料，可在现有的基础上节能50% 80%。据日本的节能实践证明，每使用1吨绝热材料，可节约标准煤3吨/年，其节能效益是材料生产成本的10倍。因此，有些国家将绝热材料看作是继煤炭、石油、天然气、核能之后的第五大“能源”。外墙保温主要是靠保温绝热材料作为建筑围护，开发和应用高效的保温绝热材料是保证建筑节能的有效措施。目前世界各发达国家，均对绝热材料的生产和应用十分重视，之所以建筑节能工作做得好，与他们重视和发展保温材

58、料是分不开的。2 绝热材料的性能绝热，就是要最大限度地阻抗热流的传递，因此要求绝热材料必须具有大的热阻和小的导热系数。从材料的组成上看，一般有机高分子的导热系数都小于无机材料；非金属的导热系数小于金属材料；气态物质的导热系数小于液态物质，液态物质小于固体。所以在条件允许的情况下，应尽量使用有机高分子材料或无定形的无机材料，这对于保温绝热是有利的。另外，保温绝热材料还必须能抵抗一定的冲击荷载，具有与使用环境相一致的机械强度。其粘结性能要好，还得有小的收缩率及与环境相适应的耐久性。3 结语目前我国外墙保温技术发展很快，是节能工作的重点。外墙保温技术的发展与节能材料的革新是密不可分的，建筑节能必须以发展新型节能材料为前提，必须有足够的保温绝热材料做基础。节能材料的发展又必须与外墙保温技术相结合，才能真正发挥其作用。正是由于节能材料的不断革新，外墙保温技术的优越性才日益受到人们重视。所以在大力推广外墙保温技术的同时，要加强新型节能材料的开发和利用，从而真正地实现建筑节能。 参考文献1. 胡小媛，许琳. 我国建筑绝热材料的应用现状及其前景. 保温材料与节能技术，2002，（6）：242. 刘洪涛等. 几种常见的外墙保温形式及材料. 建筑技术与应用，2001，（1）：3940 3. 郭莹. 外墙内、外保温技术在建筑节能住宅中的作用. 建筑技术开发，2002，（2）：4648- 10 -