建筑学专业外文翻译建筑设计空间中的语法（可编辑）

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1、建筑学专业外文翻译-建筑设计空间中的语法 外文原文SPACE SYNTAX IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Design is a sophisticated cognitive activity. In architecture, this activity begins by generating an abstract idea and continues by transforming it to concrete spatial formations. Whether it is called as “image” Alexander, 1964, “primary

2、generator” Darke, 1984, “conjecture” Hillier, et al., 1984, “organising principle” Rowe, 1987 or concept Lawson, 2003 all refers to the same: the idea that makes an architectural design unique or different from all others. Finding a unique way in which spaces are formulated to reflect these ideas co

3、nstitutes the next step of design activity; in other words to find a way to transform these abstract ideas into spatial formations. By generating different proposals and testing them, the architect consolidates his/her ideas or re-defines them in order to gain satisfied spatial formations. This pape

4、r investigates the research theme by focusing on: 1. Design activity itself, its nature and architectural design process, 2. Space syntax itself, its main idea and its role in architectural ractice. Space syntax is theory of space and a set of analytical, quantitative and descriptive tools for analy

5、sing the spatial formations in different forms: buildings, cities, interior spaces or landscapes Hillier and Hanson, 1984, Hillier, 1996. Main interest of space syntax is the relation between human beings and their inhabited spaces. It is believed that distinctive characteristics of societies exist

6、within spatial systems, and their knowledge is conveyed through space itself, and through the organisation of spaces Dursun and Saglamer, 2003. Space Syntax calls this relational characteristic of space as configuration and proposed the idea that it is this characteristic forms the human behaviour t

7、hus contains the social knowledge. The aim of space syntax research is to develop strategies of description for configuring inhabited spaces in such a way that the underlying social meaning can be enunciated. This is turn can allow for secondary theories or often practical explanations to be develop

8、ed regarding the effects of spatial configuration on various social or cultural variables. A related theme in space syntax research is to understand configured space itself, particularly its formative process and its social meaning Bafna, 2003. In brief, space syntax is an attempt to constitute a co

9、nfigurational theory in architecture by generating a theoretical understanding of how people make and use spatial configurations, in other words, an attempt to identify how spatial configurations express a social or cultural meaning and how spatial configurations generate the social interactions in

10、built environments. Great variety of research and publication shows that earliest space syntax works focused on real environments and tried to identify the intrinsic nature of man made environments. By developing consistent techniques for the representation and analysis of spatial patterns, recent s

11、pace syntax works attempt to simulate spatial design proposals and arrive at a basis for predicting how they would work. “Space syntax research is reason based, and more rigorous than most, but it has effectively led to the study of architectural intuition through its creations. In practice, design

12、proceeds by mixing intuition and reason. Space syntax makes the deployment of non-discursive intuition more rational。 Design Practice in Building Context: Tate Britain Administration department of Tate Britain has decided to improve museum layout by providing new exhibition spaces. The idea was to d

13、esign a new wing with a sculpture courtyard as extension to existing gallery. Space Syntax has been commissioned by Tate Britain to assist Tate Britain and its architects Allies and Morrison. Space Syntax Laboratory has contributed to the design process both by illuminating the social culture in the

14、 museum which was conveyed through the spatial configuration itself and helping architects。 After being defined how the existing spatial layout works spatially, comparative analyses of proposals in term of their possible effects on the museum have been carried out. Among the proposals first one inte

15、nded to create a new gallery wing for the permanent collection having a passage entrance through the Clore Gallery. An external sculpture court was planned at the back of this wing. In the second proposal, some of the new gallery spaces were added on the north side of the building linearly and the o

16、thers were designed at the back of this as a separate wing shaping an open court at the centre. Third one introduced a new north wing that will be used as temporary exhibition space and the area which is currently used for temporary exhibition was designed to host the permanent collection. In this o

17、ption, external sculpture court was formed between the new gallery wing and the Clore Gallery having a link to new caf and bookshop space. This study has illustrated that the space syntax provided a useful tool for people to think about space. By employing evidence based approach, first it became po

18、ssible to capture the spatial characteristics of the museum and then different ideas were tested in terms of their effect on the whole spatial configuration to see how space will be used and experienced by their inhabitants. If design is a kind of activity that can be learned by doing and experienci

19、ng, this approach provides a useful tool for students to learn from their design decisions. This then can lead them in creating new ideas as well as developing and evolving their proposals. Design process in architecture is not a systematic or procedural process. It is rather a making and discovery

20、process which proceeds by creating and testing design ideas. By taking into account design constraints, architects use a great variety of science based knowledge as well as his/her individual experiences and beliefs in this process. The way how the architect brings these together or what are his/her

21、 priorities, or how s/he understands and evaluates them is totally subjective. The role of space syntax in architectural design can be summarised as follows: 1. In the dialogue between architect and designed space, space syntax presents a language for thinking and talking about space. This is a lang

22、uage which architects arent familiar to use. It is more scientific, more mathematical. However it is important as it makes non-discursive characteristics of space discursive and puts the space into a more extensive debate. 2. Space syntax carries science based knowledge into design process. It estab

23、lishes a link between research and design; in this way constitutes the core of “evidence based design” Hanson, 2001. 3. If design is an activity which is learned by making and testing, space syntax contributes to this process by providing tools for architects to explore their ideas, to understand th

24、e possible effects of their proposals, as well as to show how their designs will work. 4. The striking point is that space syntax gives a chance to the architect to evaluate his/her designs not simply as a physical and static entity, but as a living organism, which is experienced by its inhabitants.

25、 This kind of evaluation which is based on the interaction between human beings and designed spaces is differentiated from those which only test or indicate the performance of the space against a number of criteria such as cost, energy consumption, level of light, etc. Here, it must be clarified tha

26、t space syntax is only one way of thinking about space by focusing on the organization of spaces, movement patterns and their social meanings. If we think that the architect is the person who has a comprehensive conception about human being and inhabited space, his/her duty must be to be aware of di

27、fferent tools and knowledge resources and to have a capability of using them to lead his/her design thinking. (From: National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)中文译文建筑设计空间中的语法 设计是一个复杂的认知活动。在建筑,此活动开始产生一个抽象的概念,并继续将其转化空间形态。无论是被称为“形象”亚历山大(1964年),“主发电机”(达克,1984年),“猜想”(希利尔等,1984),“组织原则”(罗维,1987)或“概念”劳森(2003)所有

28、指的是相同的:这个想法,使一个建筑设计独特或与众不同。找到一个独特的方式制定空间来反映这些想法构成下一步的设计活动;换句话说找到一个方式使这些抽象的概念转化成空间构成。通过征集不同的建议并测试它们,建筑师是巩固他/她的想法,或重新定义他们,只是为了获得满意的空间形态。 本文探讨的重点研究主题: 1、计活动本身,其本质和建筑学的设计过程 2、语法本身,它的主要思想及其在建筑中的作用 空间语法理论是一套在不同空间形态中分析不同的空间构成,定量和描述的工具:建筑,城市,室内空间或景观(希利尔和汉森,1984年,禧利,1996年)。空间语法的主要关注的是人与人之间的关系和他们的生存空间。值得相信的是特

29、色鲜明的社会存在的内部空间系统,并转达他们的知识是通过空间本身和空间的组织(Dursun和Saglamer,2003年)。空间语法调用这个空间的关系特点配置和提出的想法,就是这一特点形成人类的行为从而包含社会知识。 空间语法研究的目的是发展战略,用这样一种方式,描述空间配置,从而发掘潜在的社会意义。这反过来又可以让二次理论或实际的解释被开发,从而发展空间构成对各种社会或文化的变数的影响。空间语法研究中的一个相关的主题是:了解配置空间本身,尤其是它的形成过程以及其社会意义(Bafna,2003年)。 总之,空间语法是意图在建筑中形成一构型理论通过生成一种人们如何制作和使用空间配置的理论认识,换句

30、话说,是一种试图定义空间配置如何表达一个社会或文化内涵和如何产生空间在建造社会环境的相互作用。 各种各样的研究表明,最早的空间语法的作品侧重于现实环境,并试图确定通过人的内在本质建造出来的环境。通过发展一致技术表现和分析空间模式,最近空间语法工程试图模拟空间设计建议书,完成预测他们将如何工作的基础事务。“空间语法研究更为基础,而且比大多数研究更为严格,它已经通过它的作品有效地带领建筑直觉的研究。在实践中,设计收获来源于结合直觉和理性。空间语法使得非话语的直觉部署更合理设计建设方面的实践:英国泰特博物馆 管理部门决定提高英国泰特博物馆的布局提供了新的展览空间。这个想法是为了设计一种新的翼与雕塑作

31、为延伸到院子里存在画廊。空间语法已委托英国泰特协助英国泰特艺术中心和它的建筑师埃里斯和莫里森。 空间语法实验在设计过程中作出了贡献,照亮社会文化在博物馆设计中的转达,通过本身的空间配置帮助建筑师。 如何在现有的空间,布局空间工程明确后,比较分析在这方面的建议对博物馆有可能产生的影响已经开展了。其中第一个建议旨在为永久收藏品创建一个新的画廊翼到克洛尔库有一个通道入口。外部雕塑院计划建在这一翼的背面。在第二建议中,一些新的画廊空间增加了在北面的线性建设和其他方面设计在后面展览空间,这是目前使用的临时区域展览但目的是申办永久收藏。在这个提议中?,在外部雕塑庭院之间形成新的画廊翼和克洛尔廊有一个新的咖

32、啡馆和书店的链接空间。 这项研究说明,空间句法为人们思考空间提供了一个有用的工具。采用以证据为基础的方法,它首先就可以捕获博物馆的空间特征,然后关于不同的想法对整个空间配置的影响进行测试,来看看空间如何被人们使用。如果设计是一种活动可以通过实践来学习和经历,那么这种方式便为学生学习他们的设计决策提供了一种有用的工具。这就可以带领他们创造新的想法,以及发展和改进自己的想法。 在建筑设计的过程不是一个系统或程序的过程。这是一个颇为决策和发现的过程,它的收获来源于通过创建和测试设计思路。通过考虑设计限制,建筑师使用种类繁多的科学的知识以及他/她个人的经验,以及在这个过程中的信念。建筑师如何将这些整合

33、到一起或什么是他/她该优先考虑的,或他/她如何理解和评价它们,是完全主观的。 空间在建筑设计中的语法作用可概括为如下: 1、在建筑和空间设计对话时,空间语法作为思考和谈论空间之间的交流语言。这是建筑师不熟悉使用的语言。这更科学和精确。然而,它是重要的,因为它使不能说话的空间有了自己的语言,并使空间得到更广泛的讨论。 2、空间语法运用科学基础知识进行设计过程。它建立了一个研究和设计之间的联系;这样构成了“设计依据”(汉森,2001年)的核心。 3、如果设计是一个通过制造和测试的学习活动,那么空间语法为建筑师探索自己的想法、了解可能产生的影响,以及展示他们的设计将如何工作,这一进程提供工具。 4、引人注目的一点是,空间句法为建筑师评价他的设计提供机会,不是仅仅作为静态的实体,而是作为一个活的有机体,这是他在生活中得到的验。基于人类与设计的空间之间的互动是有区别于那些只测试或表现空间而违背很多标准,如成本,能源消耗,光照程度等等。 在这里必须阐明,空间句法只是一个关于的空间思维方式,注重空间的组织,运动模式及其社会意义。如果我们认为建筑师是个有关于人类生存空间的全面概念的人,那么他/她的职责,必须要了解不同的工具和知识资源,并利用他们的能力去引领他/她的设计思想。 文章来源:中国知网外文原文出处:/0.