自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson2

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1、Lesson TwoIn the Laboratory打印本页一、词 汇laboratory n. 实验室enroll v. 登记，注册reach v. 伸手取specimen n. 标本，样品alcohol n. 酒精disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的disappointment n. 失望，沮丧gaze v. 凝视，盯着challenging adj. 有挑战性的unpleasant adj. 讨厌的，使人不愉快的set v. 着手；决心disgusting adj. 十分讨厌的，令人恶心的ghastly adj. 苍白的，死人一般的beneath prep. 在下面sid

2、eways adv. adj. 侧面的；横向的magnifying glass n. 放大镜instrument n. 仪器，器械limited adj. 受限制的，有限的field n. 范围，领域desperation n. 绝望scale n. （鱼、蛇等的）鳞，鳞片nonsense n. 无意义的行为strike v. （一种想法）突然产生feature n. 特点，特征creature n. （包括人类的）生物，动物encouraging adj. 激励的，振奋人心的attentively adv. 专心地，聚精会神地brief adj. 简洁的，简短的air n. 神态，样子ear

3、nestly adv. 认真地visible 可见的，看得见的plainly adv. 明白地，易懂地misery n. 苦恼，痛苦，不幸wretched adj. 讨厌的，悲惨的，可怜的criticism n. 批评close n. 终结，结束inquire v. 询问next best adj. 次好的，居第二位的disconcerting adj. 令人紧张的，使人心慌的account n. 说明，解说；报告reassuring adj. 使人放心的，给人打气的symmetrical adj. 对称的paired adj. 成对的thoroughly adv. 完全地，彻底地repay

4、v. 回报，偿还wakeful adj. 不眠的，睡不着的most adv. 非常，很，极enthusiastically adv. 热情地，热心地point n. 特征，品质artificial adj. 人造的，人工的aid n. 辅助器具repeat v. 重说；重做similarity n. 相似之处family n. （生物）科part v. 使分开，分离part with 丢掉，卖掉，放弃observe v. 观察，注意到orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的arrangement n. 排列；安排urge v. 驱策；激励；推动connection n. 联系；关系in c

5、onnection with 与相关联law n. 规律二、课文分析I entered Professor Agassizs laboratory, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history.1.enroll ones name 注册某人的名字；the Scientific School:自然科学院natural history:自然史When do you wish to begin?Now, I replied.This seemed to ple

6、ase him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol. Take this fish, he said, and look at it; by and by I will ask what you have seen. With that he left me. I was disappointed, for gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an ea

7、ger student, and the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell. But I said nothing and began to work immediately.2.This seemed to please him, and with an energetic Very well! he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol.seem to do sth. 好像这似乎让他很高兴，（于是）他精神饱满地说了一句好极了！，就伸手从架子上取下一只大瓶子，里面的黄

8、色酒精中浸泡着标本。3.by and by I will ask what you have seen.By and by: before long, soon 过一会，不久 4.for gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an eager student：gazing at a fish 是动名词短语，作主语。因为对一个求知欲强的学生来说，光是目不转睛地盯着一条鱼似乎不能足以发挥其才能。5.and the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell.And 引出另一个并列从句，意思是“

9、而且，此外尚有”而且那酒精有一股难闻的气味。6.But I said nothing and began to work immediately.但是我什么也没说，马上就开始工作了。In ten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in the fish, and started to look for the Professor-who had, however, left. Half an hour passed-an hour -another hour; the fish began to look disgusting. I turne

10、d it over and around; looked it in the face- ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways-just as ghastly. I must not use a magnifying glass, nor instruments of any kind. Just my two hands, my two eyes, and the fish: it seemed a most limited field of study. With a feeling of desperation again I lo

11、oked at that fish. I pushed my finger down its throat to feel how sharp the teeth were. I began to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced that was nonsense. At last a happy thought struck me - I would draw the fish; and now with surprise I began to discover new features in the

12、 creature. Just then the Professor returned.7.In ten minutes had seen all that could be seen in the fish不出十分钟，我把那条鱼身上能看到地东西全看完了。8.the fish began to look disgusting这条鱼开始看起来令人恶心。9.looked it in the face- ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways-just as ghastly.look sb./sth. in the face / eyes : 正

13、视（某人或某事）。正面看它，毫无气色，死一样地苍白；从后面看，从下面看，从侧面看都一样。 10.I must not use a magnifying glass, nor instruments of any kind.must not ：一定不许，一定不要，表强烈地阻止我不能使用放大镜，不能使用任何类型的仪器。 11.it seemed a most limited field of study. most: very这个研究范围似乎太狭窄了。12.With a feeling of desperation again I looked at that fish.带着无可奈何的心情，我再次

14、去看那条鱼。13.I began to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced that was nonsense.row: 横排 queue :纵列，队伍（手写板）be convinced 确信我开始数一行行的鱼鳞，直到我确信这样做毫无意义。14.At last a happy thought struck me.strike: 突然有了想法、主意A good idea struck me.我突然有了一个好主意。It struck him how foolish his behavior had been.他

15、突然意识到自己过去的行为多么愚蠢。15.I would draw the fish; and now with surprise I began to discover new features in the creature.我可以把鱼画出来；令我惊奇的是我开始在那家伙身上发现新的特征。That is right, said he, a pencil is one of the best of eyes. With these encouraging words, he added, Well, what is it like? 16.That is right, said he, a pe

16、ncil is one of the best of eyes.eyes 在这里指观察力做得对，他说，使用铅笔是最好的观察方式之一。He listened attentively to my brief description. When I finished, he waited as if expecting more, and then, with air of disappointment.17.he waited as if expecting more他等了等，好像觉得我应该再说些什么。18.and then, with air of disappointment:然后，带着失望的

17、神色You have not looked very carefully; why, he continued more earnestly, you havent even seen one of the most visible features of the animal, which is as plainly before your eyes as the fish itself; look again, look again! and he left me to my misery.18.You have not looked very carefully; why：你可没有仔细观

18、察。Why 在这里是感叹词，表示惊讶。 19.which is as plainly before your eyes as the fish itself：（这一最明显的特征）就像这条鱼一样，清清楚楚地摆在你眼前。20.and he left me to my misery.（交代完之后）他就不管我了，让我自己去面对烦恼。I was hurt. Still more of that wretched fish! But now I set myself to my task with a will, and discovered one new thing after another, un

19、til I saw how just the Professors criticism had been. The afternoon passed quickly; and when, towards its close, the Professor inquired, Do you see it yet?21.I was hurt. 我的自尊心受到了伤害。22.Still more of that wretched fish!还得继续去面对那条讨厌的鱼！23.until I saw how just the Professors criticism had been.until：直到才ju

20、st =fair在这里作形容词，表公正的 24.towards its close下午即将过去。No, I replied, I do not, but I see how little I saw before. 25but I see how little I saw before.但是我认识到了我原来所看出来的实在是太少了。That is next best, said he earnestly, But I wont hear you now; put away your fish and go home; perhaps you will be ready with a better

21、 answer in the morning. I will examine you before you look at the fish.26.That is next bestnext best: 仅次于那也不错。27.This was disconcerting. Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the object before me, what this unknown but most visible feature might be, but also, without reviewin

22、g my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day.这真让人紧张。我不但必须整夜去考虑那条鱼，鱼不在面前，要反复琢磨那未知而又极其明显的特征是什么，而且在无法重温已经发现的特征的情况下，还要在第二天准确地描述那些特征。 The friendly greeting from the professor the next morning was reassuring. He seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he

23、 saw.28.He seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.be anxious that 急切做某事他好像与我的心情完全一样，急切希望我能看到他所看到的一切。Do you perhaps mean, I asked, that the fish has symmetrical sides with paired organs?29.the fish has symmetrical sides with paired organs那条鱼有对称的两边，而且它的器官都是成对出现的。 H

24、is thoroughly pleased of course! repaid the wakeful hours of the previous night. After he had talked most happily and enthusiastically -as he always did -upon the importance of this point, I asked what I should do next.30.His thoroughly pleased of course! repaid the wakeful hours of the previous nig

25、ht.他极为高兴地说了个对！，使我感到头天夜里好几小时的思考没有白费。Oh, look at your fish! he said, and left me alone again. In a little more than an hour he returned, and heard my new list.That is good, that is good! he repeated, but that is not all; go on. And so for three long days he placed that fish before my eyes, forbidding

26、me to look at anything else, or to use any artificial aid. look, look, look, was his repeated instruction.31.but that is not all不过你还没有说全。The fourth day, a second fish of the same group was placed beside the first, and I was told to point out the similarities and differences between the two; another

27、followed, until the entire family lay before me.32.a second fish of the same group was placed beside the firsta second：又一个，另外的 the second：第二的另一条同属的鱼摆放在第一条的旁边。33.another followed, until the entire family lay before me.然后，又是一条，接着另一条，直到同科所有鱼种全都摆到了我的面前。This was the best lesson I ever had. It has influen

28、ced the way I have studied ever since. It was something the Professor gave me, which we could not buy, with which we could not part.34.It has influenced the way I have studied ever since.ever since: 从那以后一直自此以后，我的一切学习和研究的方法无不受益于这一课。35.It was something the Professor gave me, which we could not buy, wi

29、th which we could not part.这是教授给我的礼物，是金钱买不到的无价之宝，是一笔不能随便丢弃的财富。While training the students in the method of observing facts and their orderly arrangement, Professor Agassiz urged them not to be content with just facts. Facts are stupid things, he would say, until brought into connection with some gen

30、eral law.36.While training the students in the method of observing facts and their orderly arrangement在训练学生观察事物及其规律性的排列时37.Facts are stupid things, he would say, until brought into connection with some general law.他常说：“事实本身意义不大，只有与某一自然法则联系起来时才有意义。”Useful Expressionsseem to (do) 好像，似乎forbid sb. to do

31、 sth. 禁止某人做某事be content with 满足于enroll in 成为的一员 He wanted to enroll(his name) in the swimming class.He wants his best friend at college to enroll in the same club.enroll 录取160 new students have been enrolled in the English Department this year.今年英语系录取了160名学生。We enrolled him as a member of the societ

32、y.我们吸收他为学会会员。be convinced that 确信三、语法及练习（一）动词句型主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（现在分词）Louise could hear someone singing far away.The Jewish man wanted me trying to read that paper.1.用于这一句型的动词，一类是感知动词（catch, discover, feel, find, hear, leave, notice, observe, overhear, perceive, see, smell, sport, spy和watch），另一类是使役动词（

33、get, have, keep, set和start）。2.除动词have和start外，其他动词一般可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，但主动结构要更为自然。如：I was watched (by the Jewish man) trying to read that paper.3.动词feel，hear，notice，see，observe，overhear和watch后既可接现在分词作补语，又可接不带to的不定式作补语，这二者的区别是：前者表示正在进行的动作，而后者则着重表示从头到尾的全过程。如：She watched her son cross the road

34、.她看着儿子过了马路。（注视着全过程）She watched her son crossing the road.她看着儿子过马路。（不一定是全过程）（二）Vocabulary ExercisesForm words according to the following rules of word formation.*名词+al/-ial（的；具有性质的；关于）形容词。如： national国家的 natural自然界的 exceptional 例外的 traditional 传统的 editorial编辑的*动词+ant/-ent（处于的状态的；进行动作的）形容词。如：pleasant使人

35、愉快的 determinant 决定性的 repentant感到或表示懊悔的 tolerant忍受的 different 不同的1）Add -al/-ial to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling wherever necessary.center culture manager region2. Add -ant/-enl to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling wherever necessa

36、ry.hesitate urge resist（三）语法 must can could may 请阅读教材下册P49531.Mustmustnt do sth. 一定不要（注意：不是不必须）You mustnt watch that movie.你一定不许看那个电影。1）表示必须、应该2）表示推测（1）主语+must+系动词He must be at home now. 他现在肯定在家。（2）用主语+must be doingThey must be playing football now.他们现在准在踢足球。He must be watering the trees now.他现在肯定在浇

37、树。（3）must have done 对过去行为的肯定推测He looks familiar. We must have seen him before.他看起来面熟，我们肯定以前见过他。The room is empty. They must have left.房间空了，他们肯定已经理开了。注意：用来推测时，否定形式一般是cant，而不用must。2.Can1）表示许可You can each take three books home.你们每人可以带三本书回家。You cant park your car here.你不能在这里停车。2）表示能力She can solve the pr

38、oblem all by herself.她能独自解决这个问题。Sometimes he can sit reading for hours on end in the library.有时他能坐在图书馆里连续读好几个小时的书。3）表示可能性The snow is thick. You can ski on the hills.雪很厚，你能在山上滑雪。4）表示推测时，cant表示不可能（见must条）3.Couldcould 是can的过去时，但在用法上，他却又许多特殊的地方。1）Could you表达较客气的请求Could you please show me the way to the

39、bus stop?你能告诉我去汽车站的路吗？2）could + have done表示过去的能力（1）本来能做但是没做I could have lent you the money. Why didnt you ask me?我本可以借钱给你的。你为什么不向我借？I could have bought the jacket if I had had enough money on me that day.那天如果我带够了钱，我会买下那件夹克的。（2）对过去行为的一种猜测The room is in a mess. Who could have done it?房间里乱七八糟，是谁干的呢？3）c

40、ouldnt与cant一样都可以表示否定的推测，两者可以替换使用。4.May1）表示许可You may park your car here if you pay a fee.如果你缴费，你可以在这停车。You may leave the office as soon as you finish your work.一干完活你就可以离开办公室。2）may/might表示可能性，might稍带一些怀疑的语气（1）表示现在或将来的可能性Ann may/might know Toms mew address.安可能知道汤姆的新地址。（2）may/might + have done表示过去的可能性Yo

41、u may/might have heard of it before.你或许以前听说过这件事。He may/might have done it but up to now we havent got any evidence to prove it.这事也许是他干的，但到目前为止，我们还没有证据。5.didnt need to do 本来不需要做,而且也没He didnt need to buy the jacket, so he went back home.neednt have done 本来不需要做,但是做了You neednt have washed my clothing. I

42、 can wash myself.主语为物need有两种形式need doingneed to be doneMy jacket needs washing.My jacket needs to be washed.作业1.熟练掌握单词和常用短语，熟读课文两遍以上。2.P42回答课文问题，请将问题变为陈述句并写下答案。3.完成Page43Page46课后作业4.完成Page4954语法作业课后练习回答课文问题注意：下面列出的题目必须能做到熟练并准确地写出画线部分！划线的句子尤其应该重点记忆。第2题、Professor Agassizs first assignment for Scudder

43、is to look at a fish from a huge jar of specimens and then describe to him what he had seen in the fish.第3题、Scudder didnt find his first assignment exciting and challenging because he thought that gazing at a fish was not challenging enough and the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell.第4题、 The profes

44、sor forbid Scudder to use any artificial aids because he wanted his student to learn how to observe things carefully with his own eyes.第6题、Scudder began to change his attitude towards observing that fish when he started to draw the fish and found new features which he had not discovered before.第7题、S

45、cudder observed the most visible feature of the fish was that the fish had symmetrical sides with paired organs.第12题、 Scudder learned from his first lesson how to observe facts and their orderly arrangement and how to connect them to some general law. 词汇练习1.Form words according to the following rule

46、s of word formation.1）Add -al/-ial to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling wherever necessary.centercentral culturecultural manage rmanagerial regionregional2. Add -ant/-ent to the following words to from adjectives, making changes in spelling wherever necessary.hesitat

47、ehesitant urgeurgent resistresistant2.Translate the following sentences into English1）Using words or expressions from the text.（1）这小狗似乎懂得主人的愿望。The dog seems to understand what its owner wants.（2）他久久的凝视着这张照片，回顾着过去的岁月。He gazed at the picture for a long time, thinking about the past.（3）尽管总经理知道他会碰到许多困难，

48、他还是坚定不移地开始了他的工作。Though the general manager knew that he would meet a lot of difficulties, he set himself to work with a will.（4）突然我有了一个主意-为什么不给他打传呼呢？A good idea struck me suddenly. Why not beep him right now.（5）这家报纸用了两个版面叙述了王妃的葬礼。The newspaper gave a two-page account of the Princesss funeral.（6）中国政府

49、敦促联合国和平解决这个地区的问题。Chinese government urged the United Nations to solve the problems of the region peacefully.（7）她不满足于目前的英语水平，就报名参加了夜校。She was not content with her current English level, so she enrolled in evening class.（8）我们应该把分歧放在一边，为共同的目标努力。We should put away our differences and work for our common

50、 goal.（9）在这个国家，中学男生不得留长发。In this country, middle school boys are forbidden to wear long hair.（10）医生确信她没有必要减肥。The doctor is convinced that she doesnt need to lose weight.2）Using Verb pattern 18.（1）我们想办法让他一直说话。We tried to keep him talking.（2）这个笑话逗得我笑了起来The joke set me laughing.（3）我闻到燃烧东西的气味。I smell so

51、mething burning. （4）我听到父母在卧室里吵架。I hear my parents quarrelling in bed room.（5）这位老人在看孩子们踢足球。The old man was watching children playing football.3.Put suitable prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.1）I was walking in the garden when someone jumped out behind a tree.2）I went to the lecture hall half an h

52、our before the talk in order to secure a seat the front row.3）Write and tell me about your life there as a teacher.4）He turned the toy over and over in his hand, not knowing how to make it work.5）She was out of breath and told us the news in broken sentences.6）The baby was sleeping. So they were tal

53、king in a low voice.7） To his surprise, he found his own name was on the list.8）At last the police caught the man and took several pictures of him, from different directions.9）Every time I pass the school, I think of my first English teacher.10）I have great respect for those cancer patients who look

54、 death in the face.11） “Good-bye and good luck!” with these words, he turned and got on the train.12）The professor placed one fish after_ another _before_ the student and told him to point out their differences.4.Put the correct words from the list below in the blanks. asnoisecontinuedhurriedexamine

55、dfollowingsetfurtherpassengerparkedOne day a motorist （汽车驾驶人）had to stop soon after he had （1） set out from a country village for London because he heard a strange （2） noise from the back of his car. He got out and （3） examined the wheels carefully, but as he found nothing wrong, he （4） continued on

56、 his way. Soon the noise began again and now it was louder than ever. On turning his head, he saw something that looked like a big, dark cloud （5） following his car. When he stopped in village （6） further on, he was told that a queen bee （蜂王） must have hidden in his car, （7） as there were thousands

57、of bees nearby.In order to escape the bees, the man drove away quickly to London. He （8） parked his car outside a hotel and went in for a drink. Then a customer （9） hurried in to tell him that his car was covered with bees. The poor motorist telephoned the police. The police sent a been-keeper who s

58、oon found the unwelcome（10） passenger , a queen bee, hidden near the wheels. 语法练习1.Complete the following sentences with may, must, or could.1） A: May I speak to Mr. Smith?B: Im afraid hes out at the moment. Could you ring back later?2） We might as well stay here till the weather improves.3） He said

59、 that we could use his computer whenever we liked.4） His eyesight is poor; he must wear glasses at least in class.5） You ought to buy a house now. Prices may go up.6） You must stay at home until I come back in the afternoon.7） English children must stay at school till 16.8） May all your wishes come

60、true!2.Complete the following sentences with must, may, can, could, or need plus the correct infinitive forms.1） Nobody knew for sure where these people came from. They may have came （come） from some southern part of the U.S.2） A: Did you hear the noise last night?B: No, I must have been （be） asleep.3） A: We have sent for a doctor.B: You neednt have done （do） that. I feel quite all right now.4） A: I think I saw John in the library yesterday.B: You cant have seen （see） him; he is still in Japan.5） A: I had to walk 20 miles to get there.B: That must