电视新闻镜头组接的禁忌

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1、 电视新闻镜头组接的禁忌 镜头是电视节目画面语言的基本元素。一般说来，单个镜头不能独立用来叙事或表意，意义的产生是通过几个镜头组接成的镜头段落来实现的。因此，镜头的组接是电视节目制作过程中的 重要环节，电视新闻节目的制作也不例外。通过镜头组接，新闻事实在时间和空间上得到压缩，从而在较短的时间和有限的空间内把新闻事实叙述清楚。虽然电视新闻镜头组接只采用一些简单的剪辑手法，但仍需要遵循镜头组接的一般规律。 新闻镜头组接禁忌一：动静组接 所谓的动与静是指在剪接点上主体或摄像机的运动状态处于运动还是静止。组接时的剪接点应选择在动作变换的瞬间转折处(静接静)，或者在动作的过程之中(动接动)进行切换，这样

2、可以保证镜头的连贯与流畅。为使完整的动作保持连贯，不产生视觉跳跃，剪辑人员就得选择好组接点，寻找到较为理想的镜头转换依据。如人的起坐、行走时的身体起伏、讲话时头的摆动、进出门时的开关门，等等，这些都可以成为镜头转换的契机。“动接动，静接静”可以说是节目后期制作过程中始终贯穿的基本原则。但是我们在一些新闻节目中仍会看到这样的镜头组揍运动(推、拉、摇、移、跟)镜头的运动还未停止就接固定镜头，新闻人物向观众走来接人物坐在写字台前的镜头，或领导在路上行走镜头接领导在贫困户家中慰问镜头，等等。这些镜头的组接都违背了“动接动， 静接静”的组接原则，犯了动静组接的禁忌。 新闻镜头组接禁忌=：越轴组接 “轴线

3、”一般是指被摄主体的“动作轴线”，它是由被摄主体的运动所产生的一条无形的线，或称之为主体的轨迹。如果被摄主体静止，那么“轴线”就是各主体间的连接线，或主体到背景平面的垂直线。对于谈话或采访，人物间的视线就成了画面的“轴线”。在拍摄一组相连镜头时，一般要求摄像机的拍摄方向限于轴线的同一侧。然而在新闻拍摄过程中，由于被摄主体的运动以及场景的变换，使得轴线多变，难以控制，那么镜头组接时对画面轴线的控制就显得非常重要。在镜头组接过程中，首先要选择一个场景全貌的镜头来确定轴线方向，然后挑选与所确定的轴线方向相一致的镜头进行组接。两个轴线相反的镜头不能组接在一起，否则会造成观众方向感的混乱。当然，越轴镜头

4、并非不能用，而是必须在镜头前加上一个中性镜头或摄像机轴线转换的移动镜头。例如：记者采访人物时面对面谈话，在两个人视线两侧拍摄的镜头不能直接组接，必须在两个镜头中加上一个记者手中话筒的特写，或者从记者背后一侧移到另一侧的运动镜头，这样才能使镜头平滑过渡， 确保轴线的一致。 新闻镜头组接禁忌三：跳变组接 青年团员去某处接受共产主义教育，第一个镜头是车队集合地准备出发的全景，紧接着是青年团员在革命纪念地接受教育的镜头。这样的镜头组接就是跳变组接。很显然，跳变组接剪去了一个联系上下两个镜头的中间过程，造成了观众视觉上的不流畅。如果在两个镜头中间加上一个团员青年自行车队途中行进的镜头，就可以避免这种跳变

5、的感觉。在电视新闻镜头的组接过程中还有许多地方容易出现跳变，如：连贯的运动，镜头被剪去运动过程时会产生跳变，被采访人物服饰变化前后镜头的组接会产生跳变，会议主席台上领导不讲话和讲话的镜头组接在一起也会产生跳变， 等等。避免跳变的方法是尽量保证运动镜头的完整性，或者插入一些中性镜头像话筒的特写、听众的镜头等，这样可以减弱视觉上不流畅的感觉，保持镜头的连贯。 新闻镜头组接禁忌四：方向错位组接 电视画面内的物体是在电视空间中运动的，电视画面的边框为观众提供了恒定的运动方向参照物。在这种情况下，主体的方向是一种假定性的方向，与实际生活中的方向并不相同。如果在 组接的画面中，主体运动和注视的方向莫名其妙

6、地改变了，那么镜头的连续性就会被切断，从而影响视觉心理的流畅，甚至会导致混乱。单个主体运动画面的方向还是比较好控制的，只要保证连接画面中主体的运动方向一致就不会产生方向的错位。最容易产生方向错位组接的是多个主体同向或反向运动。如上级领导一行察看灾情，他们的运动方向应该是相同的，如果前一个镜头中几位领导由左向右运动，而后一个镜头中另外几位领导由右向左运动，这样组接就会造成方向上的错位。再如市领导接见外商，第一个镜头外商从左向右运动， 第二个镜头市领导从右向左运动，第三个镜头如果是市领导与外商同向行走就是方向错位组接。因为前两个镜头方向相对，两个主体应该相遇，所以应该组接市领导与外商亲切握手的镜头

7、，这样才不会产生方向的错位。QcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGshLs50cLmTWN60eo8Wgqv7XAv2OHUm32WGeaUwYDIAWGMeR4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGtgKQcWA3P tGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGshLs50cLmTWN60eo8Wgqv7XAv2OHUm32WGeaUwYDIAWGMeR4I

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