电大离散数学试题及答案(最佳版面)

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1、专业好文档全国自考离散数学试题课程代码：02324一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.设P：天下大雨,Q：他在室内运动,命题“除非天下大雨，否则他不在室内运动”可符合化为（）A.PQB.PQC.PQD.PQ2.下列命题联结词集合中，是最小联结词组的是（）A.， B.，C.，D.，3.下列命题为假命题的是（）A.如果2是偶数，那么一个公式的析取范式惟一B.如果2是偶数，那么一个公式的析取范式不惟一C.如果2是奇数，那么一个公式的析取范式惟一D.如果2是奇数，那么一个公

2、式的析取范式不惟一4.谓词公式x(P(x)$yR(y)Q(x)中变元x是（）A.自由变元B.约束变元C.既不是自由变元也不是约束变元D.既是自由变元也是约束变元5.若个体域为整数减，下列公式中值为真的是（）A.x$y(x+y=0)B.$yx(x+y=0)C.xy(x+y=0)D.$x$y(x+y=0)6.下列命题中不正确的是（）A.xx-xB.xx-xC.A=xx,则xA且xAD.A-B=A=B7.设P=x|(x+1)24，Q=x|x2+165x,则下列选项正确的是（）A.PQB.PQC.QPD.Q=P8.下列表达式中不成立的是（）A.A(BC)=(AB) (AC)B.A(BC)=(AB) (

3、AC)C.(AB)C=(AC) (BC)D.(A-B) C=(AC)-(BC)9.半群、群及独异点的关系是（）A.群独异点半群B.独异点半群群C.独异点群半群D.半群群独异点10.下列集合对所给的二元运算封闭的是（）A.正整数集上的减法运算B.在正实数的集R+上规定*为a*b=ab-a-b a,bR+C.正整数集Z+上的二元运算*为x*y=min(x,y) x,yZ+D.全体nn实可逆矩阵集合Rnn上的矩阵加法11.设集合A=1，2，3，下列关系R中不是等价关系的是（）A.R=,B.R=,C.R=,D.R=,12.下列函数中为双射的是（）A.f：ZZ,f(j)=j(mod)B.f：NN,f(j

4、)=C.f：ZN,f(j)=|2j|+1D.f：RR,f(r)=2r-1513.设集合A=a,b, c上的关系如下，具有传递性的是（）A.R=,B.R=,C.R=,D.R=14.含有5个结点，3条边的不同构的简单图有（）A.2个B.3个C.4个D.5个15.设D的结点数大于1，D=是强连通图，当且仅当（）A.D中至少有一条通路B.D中至少有一条回路C.D中有通过每个结点至少一次的通路D.D中有通过每个结点至少一次的回路二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。16.设A=1,2,3，B=3,4,5，则AA=_，AB=_。17.设A=1

5、,2,3,4,5，RAA，R=，,，则R的自反闭包r(R)=_。对称闭包t(R)=_。18.设P、Q为两个命题，德摩根律可表示为_，吸收律可表示为_。19.对于公式x(P(x)Q(x)，其中P(x)x=1,Q(x)x=2,当论域为1,2时，其真值为_ ,当论域为0,1,2时，其真值为_。20.设fRR,f(x)=x+3,gRR,g(x)=2x+1,则复合函数,。21.3个结点可构成_个不同构的简单无向图，可构成_个不同构的简单有向图。22.无向图G=如左所示，则G的最大度(G)=_，G的最小度(G)=_。23.设图G,V=v1,v2,v3,v4,若G的邻接矩阵，则deg-(v1)=_ _,de

6、g+(v4)=_。24.格L是分配格，当且仅当L既不含有与_同构的子格，也不含有与_同格的子格。25.给定集合A=1,2,3,4,5，在集合A上定义两种关系：R=,S=,，则，。三、计算题（本大题共5小题，第26、27题各5分，第28、29题各6分，第30题8分，共30分）26.设A=a,b,c,d，A上的等价关系R=,IA，画出R的关系图，并求出A中各元素的等价类。27.构造命题公式（PQ） （PQ）的真值表。28.求下列公式的主析取范式和主合取范式：P（QP）（PQ）29.设A=a, b, c, d, e，R为A上的关系，R=，, , , IA，试画的哈斯图，并求A中的最大元，最小元，极大

7、元，极小元。30.给定图G如图所示，（1）G中长度为4的路有几条？其中有几条回路？（2）写出G的可达矩阵。四、证明题（本大题共3小题，第31、32题各6分，第33题8分，共20分）31.设（L，）是格，试证明：a, b, c L, 有a（bc）（ab）（ac）；a（bc）（ab）（ac）。32.设R是A上的自反和传递关系，如下定义A上的关系T，使得x, yA，TR(y, x)R。证明T是A上的等价关系。33.设有G=, V的结点数|V|=n，称该图为n阶图，若从结点vi到vj存在路，证明从vi到vj必存在长度小于等于n-1的一条路。五、应用题（本大题共2小题，第34题7分，第35题8分，共15

8、分）34.构造下面推理的证明。 每个喜欢步行的人都不喜欢坐汽车，每个人或者喜欢坐汽车或者喜欢骑自行车。有的人不喜欢骑自行车，因而有的人不喜欢步行。35.今要将6人分成3组（每组2个人）去完成3项任务。已知每个人至少与其余5个人中的3个人能相互合作。 （1）能否使得每组的2个人都能相互合作？ （2）你能给出几种不同的分组方案？2008年4月全国自考离散数学参考答案If we dont do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it; we need the courage to do it.His comments came hours a

9、fter Fifa vice-president Jeffrey Webb - also in London for the FAs celebrations - said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his complaint.CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been exaggerated by the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: It has bee

10、n decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them.It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense.W

11、e can do something better to fight racism and discrimination.This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-rac

12、ism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to spea

13、k to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA

14、 said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mi

15、ssion. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will cli

16、mb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon wi

17、ll slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so desp

18、ite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he

19、will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy h

20、is 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there10