名词和主谓一致

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1、名词和主谓一致（一）不可数名词1以下几个以f 结尾的名词只加s：roof-roofs（屋顶），belief-beliefs（信念），proof-proofs（证明）。注：还有不少名词复数形式是不规则变化的：如：foot-feet tooth-teeth child-children mouse-mice2）单、复数形式相同。如：a sheep- two sheep a deer- three deer此外，还有means, fish, works(工厂), species(种类) 以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、币制等单位的名词，如yuan，jiao，fen，jin，mu等。3）只有复数形式。如：g

2、oods（货物）glasses（眼镜）compasses（圆规）thanks（感谢）clothes（衣服）remains（遗物，遗体）ashes（灰）contents（目录）trousers（裤子） gloves（手套） scissors（剪刀）jeans（牛仔裤）people dumplings（饺子） noodles doings（行为）police congratulations（祝贺） savings（储蓄）belongings（所有物）4）表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。a、单复数形式相同：Chinese, Japanese, Vetnamese(越南人), Sw

3、iss(瑞士人), Portuguese(葡萄牙人)b、加s构成：Americans, Germans, Africans, Asians, Australians, Canadians, Indians, Belgians(比利时人), Europeans(欧洲人), Greeks, Swedes(瑞典人), Arabs(阿拉伯人), Hungarians(匈牙利人).c、改man为men：an Englishman- four Englishmen a Frenchman- three Frenchmenan Irishman- six Irishmen Dutchman- five Du

4、tchmen 5）复合名词的复数形式因词而异，有下列四种变化，必须分别熟记。a、以可数名词结尾的复合名词，直接加-s。如：tooth-brushes， boy-friends， store-keepers， film-goersc、以man和woman等为前缀的复合名词变复数形式时，则前后两部分都要变为复数形式。如： a woman doctor- three women doctors注：a. 有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。如：papers（报纸，文件）, manners（礼貌）, goods（货物）, works（工厂）, looks（外表）, glasses（眼镜）, green

5、s（青菜）, hairs（几根）头发）, times（时代）, sands（沙滩，沙地）,irons（脚镣手铐）, drinks（饮料）, forces（军队）, spirits（酒精；情绪）, customs（海关）, letters（文学），teas（各种茶）, silks（各种丝绸）, fruits（各种水果）,fishes（各种鱼）b. word一词作“消息”或“通知”解时，前面不加“a”或“the”，也不用复数形式。如：Word came that the meeting would be held next Friday.Please send me word of your sa

6、fe arrival in New York.d. 请注意下列词组中的单、复数形式的含义：keep ones word(守信), break ones word(失信), leave word(留言), a man of his word(守信用的人), in a word(简言之),word for/by word(逐字地), eat ones words(收回前言，认错), the last words(临终的话), waste ones words(白费口舌), have words with somebody (与某人争吵), have a few words (a word) wit

7、h somebody (与某人说几句话)（2）、不可数名词不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。如：health，glass，wood，English，American，Canada下列名词常用作不可数名词，因此没有复数形式，其谓语动词须用单数形式：air(空气) behaviour(举止) bread(面包)butter(黄油) clothing(衣服) coffee(咖啡)fruit(水果) furniture(家具) housework(家务) grass(草) homework(家庭作业)fun(乐趣) ice(冰) information(消息) luck

8、(运气) knowledge(知识) news(新闻)paper(纸) progress(进步) sugar(糖) snow(雪) rain(雨) rice(米)traffic(交通) trouble(烦恼) water(水)weather(天气) work(工作)注：不可数名词表示个体时，须用单位名词（相当于量词）。请记住下列常用的单位名词：a piece of advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/furniture/glass/information/kindness/land/meat/news/paper/wood/worka bar of chocolate/

9、soapa cake of soapa loaf of breada bottle of coke/drink/ink/milk/orange/water/winea pair of chopsticks/glasses/gloves/scissors/shoes/socks/trousersa bag of rice/flour/milka bowl of rice/soup/noodlesa glass of water/milk/orangea cup of tea/water（二）名词的所有格5）表示在“某人家”、“某人店铺”等的名词所有格后面的名词，通常省略。如：at Mr. Gre

10、ens(在格林先生家)，at the tailors(在裁缝店)，at the barbers(在理发店)，at the doctors(在诊所)；6）表示无生命的东西的名词，通常用of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。如：the window of the classroom, a map of China；但是有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的东西的名词，可以加“s”来构成所有格。如：todays newspaper，ten minutes walk， Chinas problem，the hospitals waiting-room；（三）主谓一致、1、语法形式上的一致。主语

11、为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students in his class is very large. 但是：A number of students are planting trees on the hill.(a number of = many )Tom and Peter are good friends.She has seen the film three times.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk next week.(the te

12、acher and writer指同一个人)The teacher and the writer are talking over there.(the teacher and the writer指两个人)The knife and fork is lying on the table.(the knife and fork指同一个概念)A horse is a useful animal.The woman with a baby in her arms is Annes aunt.(划线部分为定语)He ，as well as his friends ，is very intereste

13、d in English.(划线部分为状语)The teacher, together with his students, is singing an English song in the classroom.(划线部分为状语)2、意义上的一致。1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：The Smith family are having breakfast.单数形式表示复数意义的名词有family，army，people，police，class，group，crowd，team等。2）主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：The news is

14、 very exciting.形式上为复数而意义上却是单数的名词有news，works（工厂）和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，maths等。3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数或第三人称单数、一个是复数或非第三人称单数，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。如：Either you or he knows about Mr White.Neither she nor I am a doctor.Are either

15、you or he a doctor?注：请注意如下几个问题。1、名词作主语1）某些集体名词（如family，class，team等）作主语时，如果作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词则要用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one.His whole family were watching TV when I got to their home.The population of China is very large, and 80% of the population in China are peasants.象这样的名词有f

16、amily，army，people，police，class，group，crowd，team等。“a group（crowd） of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样用单数或复数形式，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。如：A group of students is going to help them.A group of students are playing football in the field. 2）某些集体名词（如people，police等）只当复数形式看待，所以谓语动词必须用复数形式。如：The police are seaching for the thief i

17、n the building.The Chinese people are living a happy life today.3）单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义来决定用单数还是复数形式。如：There are some sheep over there. A sheep is eating grass. The other sheep are sleeping.4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：My aunts is not far from here.The barbers is on the other s

18、ide of the street.常见的省略名词有the doctors, the bakers, the barbers, the Chens, Mr Greens等。但是表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：McDonalds havent much nice food to eat.5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等 复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数形式的名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Ten years has passed since I came to shenzhen.Five minutes

19、is enough for us to do the maths problem.The Selected Poems of Du Fu was published again in the 1980s. 6）不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to learn English well.7）如果主语由more than one或many a 构成的，尽管从意义上看复数的内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如：More than one teacher has

20、bought a computer.Many a student has been studying very hard.但是在“more+复数名词+than one”的结构后面，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：More persons than one agree with you.8）一些由两部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses，chopsticks，scissors，gloves等。但是如果主语由“a kind of，a pair of，a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词

21、一般用单数形式。如：Chopsticks are used by Chinese and Japanese.There is a pair of new scissors on the table.A pair of gloves was lost yesterday. 9）this kind of book= a book of this kind（这种书）作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；词组this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men（这一类人）（口语），如果this kind of men作主语，它的谓语动词用单数形式，而men

22、of this kind或these kind of men作主语时它的谓语动词用复数形式。如果all kinds of 后面接复数名词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：This kind of men is very cruel.Men of this kind are very cruel.10）在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后面的主语保持一致。如：There is a pair of new scissors on the table.Between the two maps is a large blackboard.11）复数形式的单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数

23、意义时，谓语动词就用单数形式；反之，谓语动词就用复数形式。这类名词有means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) paper works was built in the 1990s.That Japanese is very strange.The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.当它们前面有a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；有all，such，these，those或the修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是“means”，“no m

24、eans”，“the means”等词前没有以上修饰词且作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数形式。另外，work作“工作”解时是不可数名词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。12）如果名词词组中心词是all，most，half，rest，part等词语，表示的是复数的意义，谓语动词则用复数形式；反之，就用单数形式。如：All of my students are very diligent.All of the money was missing.2、由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用and或both.and.连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如Running and swimming a

25、re very good sports.Both rubber and plastics never rot.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人或概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面没有冠词。如：The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk next week.(the teacher and writer指同一个人)Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.(指同一个概念)The knife and fork is lying on the table.(the k

26、nife and fork指同一个概念)）以or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应根据就近一致的原则来确定。如：Either you or he knows about Mr White.Neither she nor I am a doctor.Neither I nor you nor anybody else knows about that.3、代词作主语）名词性物主代词后面的动词，既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式，这时要取决于它所代替的是单数形式还是复数形式。如：Ours(Our

27、 country) is a developing country.Your home is near Vanguard Supermarket, and mine (=my home) is near Carrefour Shopping Center.）such，the same当指示代词时，应根据其所指的内容来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如：Such was Albert Einstain.He gave her three pears. The same (amount of pears) were given to me by him, too.3）关系代词who，that，whic

28、h等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。如：Those (people/persons/students) who want to see the film please put up your hands.(划线部分为定语从句)Some of the water that is used by them comes from the underground.(划线部分为定语从句)4）疑问代词who，what，which作主语时，其谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思来决定使用单、复数形式。如：- Who teaches you English? - Mr He do

29、es.- Who teach you English? - Mr He and Miss Barnes do.- What is in the box? - There is a cake in it.- Which is his pen? - The one on the book is.- Which are your books? - The ones on the desk are mine.5）不定代词any，either，neither，none，all，some，more等作主语时，有两种情况：a、单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可以用单数或复数形式。如：Now all is

30、 changing.All are here. Lets begin our class.either，neither作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。b、后面接of 短语时，若of后面的宾语为不可数名词时，动词当然用单数形式；若of 后面的宾语为复数形式的名词或代词时，动词可以用单数形式或复数形式。在书面语中，动词常用单数形式。如：Do(es) any of you know her telephone number?None of us has(have) been to the USA.4、分数、量词作主语1）某个数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是

31、数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。如：The million is a large number.There are fifty students in Class 8. Twenty are boys, the others are girls.英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法和除法算术式，谓语动词通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可以用复数形式。如：Five from ten is/leaves five.Twenty divided by five is four.Three and/plus ten is/are thirteen.Four times six is/ar

32、e twenty-four.在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用疑问词how much，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用疑问词how many，则谓语动词多用复数形式。如：How much is nine divided by three?How many are four times seven?2）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of”构成的短语，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时，采取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前

33、面的量词是修饰语。如：About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the teachers in their school are women teachers.The population of China is very large, and 80% of the population in China are peasants.A lot of money was left when he died.3）The number of +可数名词复数形式、the amount

34、of +不可数名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The number of the students in his class is very large. 但是：A number of students are planting trees on the hill.(a number of = many )The amount of money he needed was great.4）表示数量的one and a half后面，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：One and a half apples is left on the plate

35、.5）half of，（a）part of修饰可数名词单数形式及不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数形式；修饰可数名词复数形式时，其谓语动词用复数形式。如：Half of the food is enough for me.Half of the students in her calss are from the countryside.5、名词化的形容词作主语如果主语是由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构充当时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。这类动词有the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old，the sick，the dead，t

36、he deaf and dumb，the injured，the wounded，the unemployed等；但是也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别情况，这时就要用单数形式。如：The blind study in special schools.The wounded (person) in the traffic accident was a famous football player.这类形容词或过去分词如果要表示个体时，则要与名词man，person或表示人的单数名词连用。如：an old man，a rich person，the(a) wounded football p

37、layer6、从句作主语1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数形式；所指的具体内容若是复数意义，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：What they need is more money.What we need the most are good doctors.2）在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的谓语动词应该是复数形式。如：Thats one of the most interesting films which have ever been seen by me.但是，当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句中的动词应该是单数形式。如：He was the only one of the teachers who was sent to attend the important meeting in Beijing. 8