上海张家浜楔形绿地城市设计及景观概念规划

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1、上海张家浜楔形绿地城市设计及景观概 念规划 / Sasaki Associates以前所未有的湿地及林地栖息地重塑了自然环境，生态改善和城市更新的催化剂。2016-09-20项目标签设计公司：Sasaki位置：中国 类型： 公园总体规划生态修复 文章分类： 景观 标签：regi onal scaleSha nghai 上海区域尺度来自Sasaki对gooood的分享。更多关于他们 ：Sasaki on goooodAppreciation towards Sasakifor providing the following description:项目概况 PROJECT INTRODUCTIO

2、N张家浜是上海拟建的8个楔形绿地”中的首个建设项目，建成之后，它将成为上 海市最大的公共公园。作为生态改善和城市更新的催化剂，张家浜公园打造了一 片前所未有的湿地及林地栖息地，为这座逐渐远离自然体验的城市重塑了自然环 境。为提升浦东新区居民的生活品质及该区域的生态水平，张家浜项目为自身设定了更高的目标。其复杂的生态结构与其整体性的解说计划， 将会在作为世界最 大的城市之一的上海注入崭新的环境观念。 该项目中的景观策略对已有的人工化 运河形态发出了挑战，它不仅会改善运河水质，更可以重建该地区的水生生态系 统，从而提高生物多样性。通过细致严格的空间布局、地形利用、种植策略、水 体设计和盛行风利用，

3、该项目可提高空气质量及热舒适度，利用微气候的营造来 缓解上海的城市热岛现象。通过多模式公共交通系统、公园振兴计划及与周边地 区的城市肌理的重新缝合，项目相邻地区的发展也得以促进。Zhangjiabang is the first of Shanghai s eight planned“ green wedges ” and willbecome the city s largest public park. A catalysCOtorgical and urban renewal, the park creates an un precede nted amount of wetla nd

4、and woodla nd habitat that redefi nes the n atural en vir onment in a city whose reside nts have in creas in gly fewer opport un ities to experie nee n ature. To tran sform the civic life and ecological health of Shanghai s Pudong District, Zhangjiabang aims higher. Its complex ecologies, coupled wi

5、th a holistic in terpretive program, will fuel a new en vir onmen tal ethos in one of the world s largest cities. By challenging the existing eegiceeal typology, the Ian dscape strategy improves water quality and rebuilds the biodiversity of the region s aquatic ecosystems. Air quality and thermal c

6、omfort are designed through careful spatial configurations, utilizing Iandform, planting strategies, waterbodies, and prevaili ng wi nds to create microclimates that relieve Sha nghai stifl ing urba n heat isla nd. Adjace nt developme nt is also in tegrated with multi-modal public tran sit, en live

7、ning the park and rec onnecting the urba n fabric of the surro unding city.THE F AST OF EIGHT PROPOSED GRFEN WEDGfS FORTHf ClTK ZHANGJIABANG 如ILL BE THE LAflGEST PUBLIC PAftK IN SHANGHAI.!* VYW. ： lh3*4 hi场地背景SITE CONTEXT张家浜项目面临着多重挑战。这片场地因高架公路、高压电走廊、各种道路及河 道系统（其现代化”的设计是为了以一种高人工化的方式对洪水进行防控）等基 础设施的建设变

8、得支离破碎。场地当前的问题还包括干道之间多处土地几近荒 废、多处衰败的轻工业工厂附近垃圾场成堆等。 此外，渠化河道皆由混凝土砌筑， 河水水质不佳，附近土壤遭到破坏，整个场地的生物多样性极低。但就是在这样 恶劣的环境之中，场地上仍存在着几处小型的农田和花园。 来自Sasaki的设计团 队试图将这些挑战转化为机遇，为这片土地注入活力，通过效果显著的生态再生 彻底改变场地现状，并借由项目的解说计划向人们讲述这一过程。Zhan gjiaba ng s con text prese nted multiple challe nges. The site is highly fragme nted by

9、in frastructure in cludi ng an elevated highway, a high-voltage power corridor, multiple roadways, and a canal systemthat is being modernized for flood control in a highly-e ngin eered manner. Existi ng con diti ons in clude derelict la nds surro un ded by major roads and dump ing grounds in the sha

10、dows of run-dow n light in dustrial sites.Canals are concrete-lined, water quality is very poor, soils are disturbed, and the entire site is biologically impoverished. Within this difficult site, small farms and garde ns n evertheless persist. The Sasaki team sought to con vert these challe ngesinto

11、 opportunities, creating dynamism in the program and defying the status quo with a remarkable story of ecological rebirth articulated through its in terpretive program.厂叫盼川L心OF jk cnrs la目mi k占匸AS WITH MuCM or inru. aa.MT印 咖 JUAkll 7 AACukdAN. tTORMW*TElL e cynw UIMTIUEA1E& AME) CQHTAMJHAFED&心SUMLl

12、ru Natdiy snd Sottmd qetartioHi60AL: RESTORE ECOLOGYa I 叩一*ifj f口jitfi-C rejite Wcfltily d Hatati i: ENHANCE MlCftOCUMATfin iJdl fiH f Mb 吒 加叫:那- U宙讥 3ter andVeciitjtr nn【*Ihemwl:CONNECT TOTH CITYr l| ntVQiR* TvV D pr百pocl UFbjn 忖fi I theParif his he LihL! rt 1fi-卩Dcn nd 亡 iniTK PMK S OMELSE 、 1口AM

13、ilKQftC*ATi :v u$5. 讥虹切赳 MEM iiE5 Ard A fcE 5r E 3 EW3tm n*r tgrfirs “LLa-F SHAfJfeMAikQ00时!in irrmr新型的生态 A NEW ECOLOGY由于上海的持续高速扩张，很多农村土地均已用作城市用地。数十年的工业发展 早已严重破坏了整个环境系统，野生动植物所剩无几，生物物理环境恶劣。整个 上海都会区林冠覆盖率仅为10%，远低于中国城市的平均值（25%）。近期发表 的一系列生物学调查显示，所有研究设计的类群其生物多样性及丰富度都有明显 下降：上海地区的两栖动物多样性由14种降低至4种；城区的鸟类多样性较历

14、史调查数据降低了 63%;植物多样性也大幅降低。上海景观恢复的迫切性不言而 喻，其也成为了张家浜公园设计策略的重要驱动因素。As Shan ghai con ti nues to rapidly expa nd, urba n land cover has replaced much of the rural matrix. Recent decades of industrialization have resulted in environmental conditions so severely degraded that little wildlife remains and biop

15、hysical con diti ons are severe. Tree can opy coverage across the Shan ghai metro area is only 10%, while China s national average for cities is 25%. A series of recently publishedbiological surveys in dicate that species diversity and rich ness across all studied taxa have decli ned. Amphibia n div

16、ersity in Shan ghai has decreased from 14 species to 4. Similarly, total avian diversity in the city has decreased 63% from historic surveys. Pla nt diversity shows similar decli nes. The imperative for Ian dscape restorati on inShan ghai is self-evide nt, and this restorati on is the driver of the

17、desig n strategy for Zhan gjiaba ng Park.rnd :jnsuind*flewOF EJSHTlNG HARD EDGD CANALSEXSST-3 CHAJWEUZSC- CAWS4 Ref M fciM 血 gJo/CVltlrnX JMMKJLA|MKp WU4qI EF折张家浜公园将新建215公顷的混生林，并营造61公顷的新生湿地栖息地，以为 场地中113公顷的开放水域提供生态服务。需要对现有的张家浜河道及其支流进 行综合性生态恢复，以改善水质、重建该地区水生生态系统的生物多样性。而这 一恢复网络同样需要具备防洪及为野生动植物（包括成千上万迁徙至此

18、过冬的鸟 类）提供栖息地的功能。原有的浅水湖地形经过重新设计，被改造为一个水域面 积31公顷、最大深度达14米的湖泊。深浅不一的水下环境、多样化的人工鱼类 栖息地，以及自然中心/孵卵处促进了该地区水生生态系统的恢复。湖区的东侧 是低矮的森林小丘，西侧则是高密度的城市核心地带。方案中沿湖泊东侧设计了 大片新生湿地，将作为涉水鸟类保护区。这一区域远离公路、铁路及其他人类活 动活跃的用地，游人可由附近山丘顶部的观景台瞭望此处的景致。 项目中的土方 工程大大提高了微型栖息地景观的多样性， 同时阻隔了附近道路交通对场地带来 的噪音和空气污染。场地内的河道经过改造成为了流淌坡度较缓的河流，以最大程度地去除

19、水中的营养物质并减少固体悬浮物。此外，场地中的两大农业区域也将被改造成为面积为12公顷的社区花园，花园中的不同地块将以乡土植物为篱 分隔，既丰富了场地的物种多样性，又提升了附近居民的生活品质。Embedded with in 215 hectares of mixed forests, Zhan gjiaba ng Park will in clude 46 hectares of emerge nt wetla nd habitat to serve 113 hectares of ope n water acrossthe site. The existing Zhangjiabang C

20、anal and its tributaries require comprehensive ecological restoration to mitigate poor water quality and rebuild the biodiversity of the region s aquatic ecosystems. This network must also provide flood protection aswell as suitable habitat for wildlife, including the millions of migratory water bir

21、ds that arrive each win ter. An exist ing shallow lake is regraded into a 31 hectare lake with maximum depth of 14 meters, a diverse bathymetry, various con structed fish habitats, and a n ature cen ter / con servati on hatchery to support regi onal aquatic systems restoration. This lake is framed b

22、y low forested hills to the east and a dense urba n core along its western shore. A large emerge nt wetla nd along the eastern shore of the lake is desig ned as a wadi ng bird san ctuary. This area is buffered from roads, trails, and active uses, but is overlooked by an observati on deck at the top

23、of an adjace nt hill. Earthwork in creases Ian dscape diversity for microhabitats and buffers the site from no ise and air pollutio n from adjace nt roadways. Can als are re-e nv isi oned as streams with gen tle cross-slopes that maximize nu trie nt removal and reducti on of suspe nded solids. Addit

24、i on ally, com mun ity garde ns will occupy 12 hectares across two major agricultural zones with plots hedged by n ative flora, providing added complexity to the matrix and enhancing the quality of life for reside nts in adjace nt n eighborhoods.ThbSMt OF、ifCSCapE.静Mt gp f肿&则 WAJ 孔 Kt. I I mbrC / 、W

25、 SIMJYH 工*JO 虚 Qf出 INiAThrE FEM甲ULTCRMIX TO PQLMIOH AND U/ AHL WiipACTLOH.*ar4T ICSSUlK iLlTHSIP Xi / SliH十ZMANfiJI*iAN4 5 砒HECFAIIE5 CF tESTfltEP 、 vri-TLAfOS WlT HAYE AN 、 $T*#1AtC0 WTAtT 01 Cvt THE l.EfrOMAi_ E：0MOMro张家浜公园的设计旨在最大程度地为地域性生物多样性的重新引入和健康发展 创造条件。场地中的湿地系统将为至少22种被国际自然保护联盟记录在册的在该地域过冬、迁徙、繁

26、殖的鸟类提供栖息地。在湖区北岸，保护性孵卵处优先重 新引入了濒临灭绝的水生生物，包括三种野外已经灭绝的蛙类、一种濒危龟类及多种鱼类。公园中也设计了大量的人工栖息地，包括蝙蝠产育箱、猛禽巢穴、水 禽栖息岛、两栖类闲游木、鱼类栖息结构及孔洞巢箱等。场地中的交通系统及基 础设施建设均使用了有利于野生动物保护的涵洞及地下通道，并将原有的桥梁改为人行道及野生动物走廊。The desig n for Zhan gjiaba ng seeks to maximize the opport un ities for regi onal biodiversity to recoIonize and thrive

27、. At least 22 species of IUCN listed birds that overw in ter, migrate, or breed in the regi on will utilize the robust system of wetla nds across site. At the lake s northern shore, the conservation hatchery prioritizes therei ntroductio n of extirpated aquatic species, in clud ing three extirpated

28、frogs, an endan gered aquatic turtle, and a broad array of fish species. A comprehe nsive select ion of artificial habitats throughout the park in cludes bat nu rsery boxes, raptor n est platforms, waterfowl nest isla nds, turtle loafi ng logs, submerged fish structures,and cavity nest boxes. Transp

29、ortation and building infrastructure will utilize wildlife-frie ndly culverts and un derpasses, and decommissi oned exist ing bridges will serve as both pedestria n and wildlife corridors.u qh- cormsctMIOFTRfE COVERLALIFK4MMZHDtLIMATFPtgQKCl Tim* In Tlw Mhm ParteVlAJOfc CO#OrfeNT 、 O TuMglAEMg EK HE

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32、Z & ErvTcffUnmrm C JDOSTTiGCHMUMZSRCgwaoGrtwThe urba n developme nt parcels of Zhan gjiaba ng adhere to best practice sta ndards for gree n in frastructure in order to reduce stormwater qua ntity and further improve water quality throughout the park. Streets will drain in to stormwater biofiltrati o

33、n systems that buffer the pedestria n experie nee from adjace nt traffic Ian es.Un der-dra ined street tree tren ches and the exte nsive use of structural soils ben eath sidewalks and bike lanes will maximize street tree health and vigor, and further in crease subsurface stormwater storage capacity.

34、张家浜公园的东侧设有一个大型的综合娱乐设施 铁站毗邻，交通便捷。场地中充满趣味的迷宫、 家庭活动提供了更加多样的选择。总体而言 括18.5公里的无障碍区段与8公里的未经铺砌的园中道路 开发地块方案始终遵循绿色基础设施建设的最佳实践标准， 流量、改善公园中的水体水质。街道可将雨水排入生物过滤系统中 系统亦是人行道和车行道的缓冲带，使行人免受车流交通的影响。 的行道树池 树的健康与活力水平，进而提高树木的地下蓄水力。活动场地为矮林环绕，且与地 雕塑花园及创新性游乐景观，为 在全长26.5公里的游道系统中包。张家浜公园的城市 其目的是减少暴雨径 该生物过滤 设有排水暗渠 以及人行道和自行车道下方结构

35、性土壤的大量使用将显著提高行道W4乘俎rIskinAfWWBBiB i. aLiJkAfremtQvIc nd RtlailMjrb-rld NvIaHCiiulOffiuRaUdtfitialRECREATIONAL PROGRAMO.CJiMtlWikHng:ECMeRMingHivFMnQtt h4w COMMjNniE$、 AOHERE TO BST P1UCTKE、 STAMJARDS FOK GM 、 IKRASTIUCTU IN ODt TO KLOVC& $TOMWATU GuANTCTf AN0MROA WATEfc.JjAiMAUTy XOWHQUTLiJkAfremtQv

36、Ic nd RtlailMjrb-rld NvIaHCiiulOffiuRaUdtfitial积极改变的催化剂A CATALYST FOR POSITIVE CHANGE该项目的规模恰是其面临的另一大挑战。2016年，项目4期工程中的首期工程破土动工。这种阶段性推进的建设过程将有助于吸引社会资本，向公众宣导公园 人工栖息地的重要性，并最终在上海的中心区域开启环境意识的新纪元。张家浜公园的植物多样性需要在中国本土植物培育方面取得新的突破，其也将可能形成该地区中更加综合、信息化的园艺产业。设计团队的方案同时也期望提高人们对 于城市绿地开发中那些已被利用及被浪费掉的资源的保护意识，并对目前整个大上海

37、地区的改造项目中的植被进行挽救性保护。总体而言，随着设计向详细设计阶段不断推进，项目的目标转向更新政府官员观念，从原先的宣传口号和绿色化妆运动”向为上海建立一种真正的新型城市生态转变。The very scale of the project also is part of its challenge, but implementation is moving forward with the first of five phases breaking ground in 2016. This phased con struct ion process will help to build s

38、ocial capital, train local stakeholders in the value of the park s constructed habitats, and ultimately ignite a new era of environmental awareness in the heart of Shanghai. The park s botanical diversity willLiJkAfremtQvIc nd RtlailMjrb-rld NvIaHCiiulOffiuRaUdtfitialrequire new advances in native C

39、hinese plant propagation, and likely will result in a more versatile and in formed horticultural in dustry in the regi on. The desig n team proposals also seek to raise aware ness of the resources being exploited and wasted in greenfield developments in the city, with a goal of salvaging plants from

40、 con curre nt redevelopme nt projects throughout the greater Shan ghai regi on. Overall, as the project moves forward into more detailed desig n phases, the objective is to evolve the un dersta nding of public officials to move bey ond propaga nda buzzwords and gree nwash towards a genuine embrace o

41、f a new urba n ecology for Shan ghai.tXISliNG CHALLEHGtSGDALi RESTORE ECOLOGYG .-AU ENHANCE MICROCLIMATE LOfib CONNECT TOTHE CIT项目名称：张家浜楔形绿地城市设计及景观概念规划项目位置：中国上海业主名称：上海市政府、上海市浦东土地发展（控股）公司完成日期：2015年7月规模：843公顷服务范围：规划及城市设计、景观建筑Project n ame: Zhan gjiaba ng Urba n Desig n and Lan dscape Master Pla nProject locati on: Shan ghai, Chi naClie nt n ame: City of Sha nghaiCompletion date: July 2015Size: 843 hectaresServices: Pla nning and Urba n Desig n / Lan dscape Architecture