高中英语定语从句终极版

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1、 个性化辅导教案学生科目英语年级高中日期教师教材总课时已上课时（含）课题高中英语定语从句教学内容：定语从句知识要点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用2 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别3 几组的关系词特殊用法一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who, whom, that,wh

2、ich,where,when,why等 （关系词三重作用：连接主从句 指代先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分） The man who lives next to me sells vegetables.该句中，who lives next to me 是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。二、引导词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, which, that, whose, as等和关系副词where, when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。1、用关系代词that, which, wh

3、o, whom引导的定语从句who指人，用作主语whom 指人，用作宾语which 指物 ，用作主语、宾语皆可that 指人和物， 用作主语、宾语皆可The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou.Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They palnted some trees which didnt need much water. The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh.A plane is

4、 a machine that can fly. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.2、由关系代词whose引导的定语从句：先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子I went to see my friends, the Smiths, whose children I used to look after when they were small.The room whose window faces south is mine.3、由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句l when在从句中作时间状

5、语October lst, 1949 is the day when (=on which) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.l where在从句中作地点状语I recently went to the town where (=in which) I was born.l why在从句中作原因状语The reason why (=for which) he was late was that he missed the train. 高考链接：高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。事实上，对于

6、where这个词，不能只理解为表地点。当先行词为situation,case, stage, point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用到关系副词where引导。 way (方式，方法)后常用in which或that引导定语从句，也可省略： They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步了。Do you know the way (in which/that) he worked out the problem? 1 几种易混的情况 Ill never forg

7、et the days _ we worked together. Ill never forget the days _we spent together. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he gave. 2 关系代词和关系副词的选用2012年广东高考真题：Of course whenever they turned to loo

8、k at him, they had to look at Mary, _made her feel like a star.2013年广东高考真题：Nicks guests, _had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A. which B.that C.when D.wher

9、eBy 16:30, _was almost closing time, nearly all the painting had been sold.A. which B.when C.what D. that The prize will go to the writer _story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 相同点：都属于定语从句 不同点： 形式上：有无逗号。限制性定从无逗号。非限制性定从，有逗号。 意义上：限制性定从对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性

10、定从起补充说明作用。 He has found the book (that) he was looking for. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. He told me a story yesterday，which I think is very interesting. (which指a story) Tom has made great progress, which makes me very happy.(which指逗号前面整句话意思)四、几组关系词的特殊用法 限制性定语从句中，用关系代词that不能用w

11、hich的情况： 当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己要说的吗？ 当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰恰，正好),any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等修饰时。 This is the very bus that Im wait

12、ing for. 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. 这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ 当主句的主语是疑问句who或wh

13、ich时，Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？ 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that. They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used t

14、o be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语用，用that不用which引导。 There is a seat in the corner that is still available. 当先行词指事或人时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况：在非限制性定语从句中，只用which,不用that He broke my cup, which made me angry. 他打破了我的杯子，这使我很生气。当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which, 不用that. This is a house in which Lu Xun once

15、lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。This is the pen(which/that) Im looking for.这是我正在寻找的那只钢笔。 只用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词，如one, ones, anyone, no one,those, all, nobody, anybody,none等时，用who不用that. People all like those who have good manners. 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。 在there be 结构中

16、，先行词指人时，多用who There are some people who want to have holidays in Hainan. 有一些想去海南度假的人。 在非限制定语从句中，指人且作主语时，用who 不用that Professor Wang, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.由as引导的定语从句 such+名词+as像一样的，像之类的 the same+名词+as 和同样的其中as可作为关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。We have found such materials as are used i

17、n their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。（as作主语）These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。（as作宾语）He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。（as作表语）注意 suchas引导的定语从句与suchthat引导的状语从句的区别： He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(定语从句)他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。 He is such a clever b

18、oy that everyone likes him. (状语从句)他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜爱他。 第一个句子中as 引导的是定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子中that引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。 练习 1、 She is such a girl_is always _fault with other people.A. A. that; finding B. as; finding C. who; seeking D. as; seeking 2、 The man showed us such a heavy stone_no man could lift i

19、t.A. that B. as C. which D. and “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句（若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。方法： 根据定语从句中动词的固定搭配来确认“介词+关系代词”中的介词根据先行词来确认“介词+关系代词”中的关系代词Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。TomorrowIllb

20、ringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger_whomwehaveoftentalked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecare

21、of等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）练习1、The pen（）which he wrote was made from China.( write with2、In the dark

22、street, there wasnt a single person（）whom she could turn for help.（turn to sb for help)3、Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from_you received gifts? A. which B.them C.that D.whom4、Maria has written two novels, both of _have been made into television series. A.them B.that C.which D.what5、

23、I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _help I would never have got this far. A.who B. whose C.whom D.which6、Care of the soul is a gradual process_even the small details of life should be considered. A.what B.in what C.which D.in which7、English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, eac

24、h of _uses it somewhat differently. A.which B.what C.them D.those8、She brought with her three friends, none of _I had ever met before. A.them B.who C.whom D.these 典型例题知识运用定语从句1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are b

25、uilt ? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of4.The man _has arrived .A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking ?A. to whom B. to w

26、ho C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D.

27、where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which课后作业：历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose

28、D.whose 27.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 28.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 29.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A.what B.

29、which C.that D.it 30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when31Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A. it B.that C.when D.which32Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in th

30、e play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A.which price C.the price of whichC.its price D.the price of whose34._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.As B.It C.That D.Which

31、 35.He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English.A.this B.which C.that D.same36.On the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue.A.whose B.of which C.which D.its37.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A.what B.which C.that D.when38.The vis

32、itor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower.A.that B.where C.which D.there39.The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose40.I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ I got wet through .A.Its the reason B.Thats whyC.Theres why D.Its how42.He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it isC.which I think it D.I think which is教学主任签字：12