现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit10

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1、PompeiiRobert SilverbergR einforcementT ext AnalysisPompeiiB ackgroundW arming upUnit 10Questions / ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWarming upUnit 10PompeiiWarming upQuestions / Activities Why does the author call Pompeii a strange city? What happened to the city? What was the city like before i

2、t was destroyed? What are some other natural disasters in world history that you have learned about?Check-on PreviewMatch the words with their correct meaning in the text. 1. hurl2. graze3. cram4. intact5. mighty6. shattera. very strong or powerful b. to suddenly break into small piecesc. to throw v

3、iolently in a particular directione. to eat grass growing in a fieldf. to push sb./sth. into a small placeg. complete and not damagedWarming upObjectives Understand the structure and the general idea of the text Know something about the history of Pompeii and what happened in AD 79 Be able to use sp

4、ecific verbs to describe things Be able to create a dominant impression by using words about five senses Know something about natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tornado etc.Warming upBackgroundCulture TipsAuthorPompeiiUnit 10BackgroundAuthorRobert Silverberg (bornJanuary 15, 193

5、5) is anAmerican author, bestknown for writingscience fiction. In 1956 he graduatedfrom ColumbiaUniversity, havingmajored in ComparativeLiterature.His LifeCulture Tips Naples is the capital of Campania and the third-largest city in Italy, after Rome and Milan. It has a population of nearly one milli

6、on within its administrative limits on a land area of 117.3 km2 (45 sq mi). The urban area of Naples extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of above three million. Background The city of Pompeii is a partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples. Pompeii was partially

7、 destroyed and buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, and it was lost for nearly 1700 years before its accidental rediscovery in 1749. Since then, its excavation has provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during

8、 the Pax Romana. Today, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Italy, with approximately 2,500,000 visitors every year. Culture TipsBackgroundPompeii the Last Day A multidisciplinary study of the eruption products and victims indicates that at Vesuvius and

9、surrounding towns, heat was the main cause of death of people, previously believed to have died from ash suffocation. The results of the study, published in 2010, show that exposure to at least 250 C hot surges at a distance of 10 kilometers from the vent was sufficient to cause instant death, even

10、if people were sheltered within buildings. Culture TipsBackgroundMount Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. They were never rebuilt, although surviving townspeople and probably looters

11、did undertake extensive salvage work after the destructions. The towns locations were eventually forgotten until their accidental rediscovery in the 18th century.Pompeii, with Vesuvius towering aboveCulture TipsBackgroundVesuvius from plane Culture TipsInside the crater of VesuviusBackgroundJupiter

12、is the king of the gods and the god of sky and thunder. Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until the Empire came under Christian rule. Jupiter is thought to have originated as a sky god. His identifying implement is the thunderbolt, and h

13、is primary sacred animal is the eagle, which held precedence over other birds in the taking of auspices and became one of the most common symbols of the Roman army. Culture TipsBackgroundApollo is one of the most important and complex Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion, Greek and R

14、oman mythology. Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the Sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. Culture TipsBackground Isis is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian relig

15、ious beliefs. She was worshipped as the ideal mother and wife as well as the patron of nature and magic. She was the friend of slaves, sinners, artisans, and the downtrodden, and she listened to the prayers of the wealthy, maidens, aristocrats, and rulers. Isis is also known as protector of the dead

16、 and goddess of children. The name Isis means Throne. Her headdress is a throne. As the personification of the throne, she was an important representation of the pharaohs power. The pharaoh was depicted as her child, who sat on the throne she provided.Culture TipsBackgroundDetailedAnalysisStructureT

17、ext AnalysisPompeiiUnit 10Text AnalysisStructurePart I: Para. 1-7 A brief account of Pompeii before and after August 24, AD79. Part II: Para. 8-9 A detailed description of what happened on the day of the eruption. What was the city like before the eruption? What were people in Pompeii doing before t

18、he eruption? If the city had not been destroyed by the volcanic eruption, what would it be like today?Part I: Main IdeaText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Words & ExpressionsWordsPhrasesWordserupt; strike; perish; shroud; intact; clatter; shimmerPhrasesno other; come

19、down; hide from; break through; be in place; come to life; be in port; clear awaySentence Patternthe day + that clause; to do is to do.; is all one needs to do.Grammarinversionstrike (para. 4)to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens sud

20、denlye.g.1.Ive got a life insurance policy that will look after my family if disaster strikes. 2.The disease has struck the whole community, sometimes wiping out whole families. 3.They predict that a large earthquake will strike the east coast before the end of the decade. Detailed AnalysisText Anal

21、ysisperish (para. 4)to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to bedestroyed e.g.1. Three hundred people perished in the earthquake. 2. He believes that Europe must create closer ties or it will perish. 3. Publish or perish is a phrase coined to describe the pressure in academia to ra

22、pidly and continuously publish academic work to sustain or further ones career.Detailed AnalysisText Analysisa rain of sth.(para. 4)a rain of sth.: a large number of things that fall from thesky at the same time.e.g. A rain of abuse has been heaped upon him. 他遭到好一顿咒骂。这类用法属于暗喻（metaphor），相似例子如下： A sto

23、rm of applause rose from the audience. 观众一 阵喝彩。 The charges touched off a storm of protest. 那些指控激起了猛烈的抗议。Detailed AnalysisText Analysisshroud (para.5)a layer of something which covers or surroundssomethinge.g.1. Everything was covered in a thick shroud of dust.2. The truth about the accident remains

24、 hidden beneath a shroud of secrecy.Detailed AnalysisText Analysisshimmer (para.6)to shine in such a way that the light seems to shake slightlyand quickly e.g.1. She could see her reflection in the water, shimmering in the moonlight. Compare shimmer with other verbs like sparkle, twinkleand glisten.

25、 Detailed AnalysisText Analysisrestore sth. to sth. (para.7)1. The stolen goods were all restored to their owners. 被偷窃的东西都归还给原主了。2. The house has been restored to its original splendor. 这座房子已经恢复了当初的光彩。3. The city was finally restored to tranquility. 这座城市最后终于恢复了平静。4. After years of neglecting, the pa

26、lace has been restored to its former glory. 经过若干年的沉寂，这座宫殿恢复了以往的壮丽。Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisBeneath the protecting shroud of ash, the city lay intact. (para 5.)Paragraphing: The city remained as it had beenbefore the eruption. It had been protected bythe thick layer of ash that buried the city d

27、eep.Detailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisA good imagination is all you need to restore it to activity. (para. 7)Paraphrasing: If you have a good imagination you will be able to imagine what was going on the sights, sounds, smells and activities of a busy, prosperous Roman town.De

28、tailed AnalysisText AnalysisPart I: Sentence Paraphrase1.我的学校里没有别的美国人了。 There are no other Americans in my school.2.他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住。 Theyve recently come down from London to live in the village.3.你是不是有什么事要瞒着我？Are you trying to hide something from me? Translate the following sentences into English.De

29、tailed AnalysisPart I: ExercisesText Analysis4.不久，绿色的嫩芽就会破土而出。Soon, tiny green shoots will break through the soils surface.5.书都放得整整齐齐，井井有条。 The books were all neatly in place, carefully arranged.6.一个年轻女孩翻阅着家庭相册，童年记忆重回眼前。A young girls childhood memories come to life as she thumbs through her family p

30、hotograph album.7.我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。Our job is to clear away the rubbish.Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisPart II: Main Idea What did people do after eruption? What caused the greatest loss of life? Did anyone survive the volcanic eruption? How did they manage to do it? What would you do if you had been the

31、re in Pompeii?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Words & ExpressionsWordsPhrasesWordsvine-covered; summit; reverberate; pumice; overwhelm; clusterPhrasesbreak loose; blow up; branch out; die away; go by; be at hand; make ones way; be in store; lose consciousness; sh

32、ower of stonesSentence PatternGrammarpast participle as attributivesummit (para. 9)other popular usages of summit:1. an important formal meeting between leaders of governments from two or more countries a summit meeting World leaders will meet next week for their annual economic summit. 2. the highe

33、st, most successful or most important point in something I certainly havent reached the summit of my career. Detailed AnalysisText Analysisreverberate(para. 13)LITERARY If a loud deep sound reverberates, itcontinues to be heard around an area, so thatthe area seems to shake The narrow street reverbe

34、rated with/to the sound of the workmens drills. Detailed AnalysisText Analysisoverwhelm (para. 18)1.The village was overwhelmed by ash from the volcano.村子被火山灰覆盖。 2.When he saw the dressmakers daughter, he was overwhelmed by her beauty. 当他见到了裁缝师的女儿，马上为她的美貌倾倒。3.I was overwhelmed by the sight of the to

35、mb. 我为这陵墓的景象所慑服。4.If one was overwhelmed by passion, it could lead to serious blunders. 当人的感情完全淹没理智时，就可能铸成大错。Detailed AnalysisText Analysiscluster (para. 19)a group of similar things that are close together,sometimes surrounding somethinge.g. 1. Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photogr

36、aph. 2. There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for autographs. Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisThe sound of the explosion died away, but it stillreverberated in everyones ears. (para. 13)Paragraphing: Even when the loud sound stopped,people did not recover from the shock.Detailed AnalysisPart

37、II: Sentence ParaphraseText AnalysisAn hour went by and darkness still shroudedeverything. (para. 14) Paragraphing: An hour passed, things did notimprove and darkness covered everything.Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseRushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke,r

38、ushed up one street and down the next, trampling thefallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety. (para. 17) Paragraphing: People panicked. They rushed into thestreets to escape the falling buildings. It was dark and theair was full of smoke so they could not see where theyare going. They rushed u

39、p one street and down the nextin a hopeless attempt to reach safety. In their blind rushthey ran over the bodies of people who had fallen down.Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseTranslate the following sentences into English.1.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。A mighty force was about to break lo

40、ose. 2.他只得把火吹旺使它烧起来。He had to blow up the fire to make it burn. 3.公司的业务从汽车零售扩大到汽车出租。From car retail the company branch out into car leasing. 4.台风过后，风渐渐平息了。The winds died away after the typhoon had passed. 5.胜利即将到来。Victory is at hand.Detailed AnalysisPart II: ExercisesText Analysis6.随着时光流逝，多少人来了又走，留下

41、无尽故事。 As time goes by, numerous people come and go, with countless stories left here. 7.我们设法从购物的人潮中挤过去。We tried to make our way through the crowds of shoppers. 8.一场新的灾难即将向庞培袭来。A new trouble was in store for Pompeii. 9.虽然我没有失去知觉，但那剧烈的疼痛确实难忍。Though I did not lose my consciousness, the sharp pain was r

42、eally killing me. Detailed AnalysisPart II: ExercisesText AnalysisReinforcementPompeiiUnit 10Retelling Suppose you survived the volcanic eruption, retell how you managed to escape to your partner. Suppose you are a visitor in Pompeii, retell what you have seen to your partner. In both retellings, pl

43、ease use as many specific words as you can to make your account vivid.Reinforcement What makes ruins like Pompeii well-known? Ruins of quake-hit Sichuan now become new tourist hotspots. Is it suitable to develop “disaster tourism”? What insights about life do tourist expect to gain?ReinforcementDiscussion