过去分词作定语

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1、过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。从性质上讲，过去分词相当于形容词和副词。因此它在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾补和状语。过去分词一般含有完成或被动的意思。下面我们重点学习其作定语和表语的用法：一、过去分词作定语1. 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。有的过去分词如given, left等习惯上后置。a lost animal 一只迷路的动物_a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票an injured finger 一根受伤的手指a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币Complete the sentences with the words given.用所给的词完

2、成句子。注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只表示被动含义。spoken English 英语口语written exercises 书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成含义。fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起来的太阳the advanced countries 发达国家a retired teacher 一名退休教师2过去分词短语作定语常常放在被修饰的名词之后，表示被动或完成意义。How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!我多懊悔在树林里浪费的时光啊！I like wearing clothes

3、 made of this kind of cloth.我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。The books written by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。We11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。注意：过去分词短语作定语时在意义上相当于一个定语从句。The book bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.The book that was bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.昨天买的这本书花了我十元钱。The

4、 houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.去年建的房子被这场地震毁了。二、过去分词作表语1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，前面的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。Everyone present is very inspired at his speech听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。2. 过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强

5、调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。This shop is now closed这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）注意：当用作表语的过去分词表示人的某种感情或情绪时，含有“感到”之意，常用来修饰人。He was excited at being admitted to Beijing University.他很高兴被北京大学录取了。My son was very disappointed when he heard the news.听到这个消息我的儿子非常失

6、望。练习1. From your_voice, I have to say that you are really_ .A. disappointed, disappointedB. disappointing, disappointingC. disappointed, disappointingD. disappointing, disappointed2. This is the problem_at the meeting yesterday.A. being discussed B. discussedC. to be discussed D. having discussed3.

7、Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_as 3M.A. knowing B. knownC. being known D. to be known4. Dont use words, expression or phrases_only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known 5. The Olympic Games, _in 776 BC， did not

8、include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first playedC. first playing D. to be first playing6. The flowers_sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smellingC. smelt D. to be smelt有关过去分词做定语用法，请注意以下几个问题：（1） 过去分词用作前置定语：若是单个的过去分词或只带副词修饰的单个过去分词做定语,

9、通常置于所修饰的名词前，此时过去分词具有形容词的特点，侧重状态和比较永久的特点。例如：a broken window 一扇坏了的窗户；a recently?built house 最近建造的一所房子We need more experienced teachers. 我们需要更多有经验的老师。温馨提示：有时为了强调，单个的过去分词做定语也可以置于被修饰的名词后面。例如：Do you know the number of the books ordered? 你知道订购了多少书吗？Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。（2） 过去分词用作后置定语

10、：若是过去分词短语做定语, 则通常置于被修饰的名词之后。此时过去分词既有形容词的特征，又有动词的特点，但主要突出动词的特征，且不像前置定语那样具有永久性的特点。做后置定语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。例如： Well talk about the problem discussed(= that / which was discussed) at the meeting yesterday. 我们将谈谈昨天会议上讨论的问题。（3） 过去分词也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开，相当于一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。例如：The books, writ

11、ten by Lu Xun (= which were written by Lu Xun), are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。The meeting, attended by one thousand students(= which was attended by one thousand students), was a great success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席。（4） 过去分词做定语与所修饰的词之间存在两种关系：一是及物动词表示被动或完成意义（有时也表示没有一定的时间性

12、）；二是不及物动词只表示完成意义，不表被动。（5） 过去分词做定语与定语从句的关系。过去分词做定语相当于一个由which, that或who引导的定语从句。若过去分词是及物动词可以改为动词为被动形式的定语从句；如果过去分词是不及物动词则可以改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。例如：Whats the language spoken（= which is spoken）in Germany? 德国说什么语言？Most of the guests invited(=who were invited) to the evening party were college students. 应

13、邀参加晚会的客人大多数是大学生。a retired worker (= a worker who has retired) 一名退休工人a returned soldier (= a soldier who has returned) 一位返乡的士兵（6） 过去分词、现在分词一般式的被动式和动词不定式一般式的被动式做定语的区别：过去分词、现在分词一般式的被动式和动词不定式一般式的被动式都可以做后置定语，它们的共同点是都与所修饰的名词或代词存在逻辑上的动宾关系（即表示被动），但是过去分词强调动作已经完成，现在分词一般式的被动式表示一个正在进行的被动动作，动词不定式一般式的被动式表示一个将来的被动

14、动作。请对比：The meeting held yesterday was very important. 昨天开的会很重要。The meeting being held now is very important. 现在正在开的会议很重要。The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 明天要召开的会议很重要。练一练1. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. （2012山东卷）A. providingB. provi

15、dedC. having providedD. provide2. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. （2012重庆卷）A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made3. “Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers. （2012浙江卷）A. t

16、o be reservedB. having reservedC. reservingD. reserved4. The club, _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. （2012上海卷）A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay6. A great number

17、 of students _said they were forced to practice the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。（ ）1. The teachers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out（ ）2.

18、We should keep them _ of what is going on here, so we must keep in touch with them.A. informingB. informedC. to informD. being informed（ ）3. The manager asked me whether I knew the man with his hair _ back.A. tiedB. tyingC. to cutD. cutting（ ）4. Many towns and villages had their water supply _ becau

19、se there was no electricity.A. cutting inB. to cut offC. cut offD. cut in（ ）5. Without the job _, I wouldnt dare to go home.A. finishingB. finishedC. to finishD. being finished（ ）6. He was disappointed to find his suggestion _ down, so he had to keep silent.A. being turnedB. turned C. to be turnedD.

20、 to turn（ ）7. Jackson didnt get his bicycle _ soon enough at Johns because John had a lot of bicycles _.A. to repair; repairedB. to repair; to be repairedC. to be repaired; to repairD. repaired; to repair（ ）8. The manager said that no matter what happened, he _ the work _ within 12 hours.A. would ha

21、ve; finishedB. would have; finishC. might have; endD. would have; do（ ）9.Because of my poor English Im afraid I cant make myself _A. understand B. to understandC. understanding D. understood（ ）10.Whats the language _ in Germany？A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak（ ）11.Most of the people _ t

22、o the party were famous scientistsA. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting（ ）12.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th centuryA. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written（ ）13.The Olympic Games，_ in 776BC，did not include women

23、 players until 1912A. first playing B. to be first played C .first played D. to be first playing（ ）14.Mr Smith，_ of the_ speech，started to read a novelA. tired；boringB .tiring；bored C. tired；bored D. tiring；boring（ ）15.He felt _at what she said.A .puzzled B puzzlingC. puzzles D. being puzzled（ ）16.-

24、Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.- Mm. It does have a _ smell.A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant（ ）17.-How are the team playing?-Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt.A. gotB. getsC. areD. were（ ）18. As we joined th

25、e big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed（ ）19. After the heavy rain, many cars got _ in the mud.A. catchB. catchingC. caughtD. being caught（ ）20. When I went in, they were _ in a heated discussion.A. absorb B. absorbedC. absorbingD. being absorbed参考答案: 15 CBACB610 BDADB 11-15：ADCAA 16-20:DAACB6