外文翻译在核聚变实验中的远程控制仿真平台

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1、附录A 外文资料翻译A.1 外文Fusion Engineering and Design 71 (2004) 269274Simulation platform for remote participants in fusion experimentsE. Barreraa, M. Ruiza, S. Lpeza, J. Vegab, E. SnchezbAbstractOne of the major challenges in remote participation in fusion experiments is the control from remote locations o

2、f the data acquisition and treatment process. In an optimum situation, the remote researcher should be able to control the data acquisition conguration parameters, and data processing, specifying the results that must be returned to him. The simulation platform presented here, allows the researcher

3、to develop and test complex algorithms in a high level graphical language (LabVIEW), which includes powerful data processing libraries. These algorithms will be downloaded later into the data acquisition system. Furthermore, the platform allows the simulation of hardware data acquisition, which incl

4、ude the following points: (a) simulation of channel conguration from one or several data acquisition cards (channels used, sample frequencies, etc.), (b) generation of buffered simulated data (it is also possible the use of raw data, acquired in previous experiments, as simulated data), and (c) repr

5、oduction of hardware behavior (except, of course, in terms of real time behavior and real data). For this purpose, Virtual Instruments (VIs) libraries written in LabVIEW will be provided to the remote developers. These VIs will be replaced later, in the data acquisition system, by their homologous V

6、Is that actually interfaces with the hardware. This facility will allow remote researchers to verify the correct behavior of their own data processing algorithms before downloading them into the data acquisition system. Keywords: Remote participation; Simulation; Data processing; Code testing; Fourt

7、h generation language1. IntroductionThe development of a remote participation system is one aim of the recent TJ-II data acquisition improvements. This device is located at the Centrode Investigations Energticas Medioambientales y Tecnolgicas (CIEMAT) of Madrid 1. In this sense, efforts have been fo

8、cused on three main points: security of the transactions, development of specic hardware and software in order to provide real time data processing capacity to the system, and the design of a simulation platform that allows researchers to develop and test data processing algorithms, simulating the r

9、emote acquisition system. This article describes the main characteristics of this simulation platform.The aim of the development of simulation software is to offer to the remote participants, a system on which they can verify the correct behavior of their data processing programs without working dir

10、ectly on the real data acquisition system. In this way, they can validate their own developments before loading the code on the nal system 2. In order to achieve this, several more concrete goals have been dened: Developing a simulation platform that allows generating data with different characteris

11、tics. This platform will simulate real data acquisition system. Offering a utilities library that communicates the simulation platform with the user transparently. Providing mechanisms to make the users data processing programs work on the simulation platform as well as on the real data acquisition

12、system, in a way that is transparent to the user.2. System architecture The system has been developed using the high-level fourth generation language LabVIEW of National Instruments. This language includes powerful data processing libraries that allow researchers to develop in a simple and efficient

13、 way, their own data processing algorithms 3.The architecture of the simulation platform can be divided into two main blocks: The simulator, which is responsible of simulating the behavior of the data acquisition system and also of generating signals with different characteristics. A utilities libra

14、ry developed using LabVIEW that allows the management of the buffers in the data acquisition processes.2.1 SimulatorThe simulator is made up of four modules: Simulator-Cong, Simulator-Start, Simulator-Read and Simulator-Clear. These modules receive the request of a new acquisition, the beginning of

15、the simulation, the reading of data and the release of the used resources, respectively. Each one of them is independent and runs in a parallel way with the others. The communication and synchronization between the modules is done using global variables which access is controlled by semaphores.The c

16、onguration of the simulator requires the following operating parameters ： Denition of the number of channels, buffer size and sampling rate. Denition of a data base that contains the users identiers (ID) and which channels are associated to each one of them. The simulator works in a multi-user way,

17、this makes it necessary to dene which channels are being used by each user program that interacts with the simulator. This is described more deeply in Section 2.2. Denition of the type of signal that will be used in each channel. The simulator is able to generate nine different signals: sine, square

18、, triangle, sawtooth, periodic random noise, Gaussian white noise, uniform white noise, formula (this option allows for the possibility of generating a signal from a mathematical expression) and le waveform (this option allows the possibility of generating a signal from the data stored in a le, whic

19、h could allow the simulator to work with data taken form previous acquisitions). Denition of the parameters of the signal associated to each channel. According to the type of signal, it will be necessary to dene some of the following parameters: frequency, offset, phase, standard deviation, formula,

20、 path (for le waveform), amplitude, increase amplitude (this parameter indicates whether the signals amplitude should be increased with time or not) and increase (factor in which the signals amplitude should be increased).Once the simulator has been congured, it remains ready to communicate with the

21、 users applications that have been developed using the utilities library that was offered.2.2 Utilities libraryThe utilities library provided to the user has been developed using a similar methodology to that used in the data acquisition libraries supplied by LabVIEW. This library is made up by high

22、-level modules that offer a great transparence in the behavior of the system to the user. This will allow researchers to develop applications that work with the data acquisition systems in a simple way and without needing a deep knowledge of this programming language. The utilities library is made u

23、p by four modules: AP Cong: module in charge of requesting the conguration of the suitable channels for the users identier (ID). AP Start: module in charge of requesting the beginning of the acquisition for the channels of the ID. AP Read: module in charge of sending the request of reading to the si

24、mulator and receiving the requested data. AP Clear: module in charge of requesting the release of the resource that were used to carry out the acquisition for the received ID.Using these four modules, the user would be able to develop an application which code diagram was similar to that shown in Fi

25、g. 3. The input parameters to the users application will be three: the users identier (ID), which should match up with one of the IDs dened in the simulator and that will identify the channels in which the simulator is going to receive samples. The second parameter is the complete number of samples

26、that will be received in the channels previously mentioned (percentage of scans). Lastly, the third parameter is the size in which the data will be received (percentage to read). Starting from the users identier (ID), the AP Cong module will request the simulator to congure the channels associated t

27、o that identier. After this has been done without errors, the AP Start will request the simulator to start the acquisition in the indicated channels (of course in this case it will be a simulation, not an acquisition). Once the acquisition has begun, the users program will enter a loop in which it w

28、ill carry out consecutive readings of the data returned by the simulator through the AP Read module. It is at this point where the user must introduce its own data processing algorithms (that will substitute the generic module “My Process” shown in Fig. 3). Once the acquisition has nished (simulatio

29、n in this case) the AP Clear module will release the resources used by the simulator. 3. Simulator and utilities library synchronization The development of both the simulator as well as the utilities library have been done to allow the possible parallel execution of several user programs that would

30、be communicating with the simulator and receiving data of it. In this way, the simulator is able of giving service to several applications developed by the user simultaneously. Each application will have different users identiers (IDs) and may use one or several channels (dened in the conguration of

31、 the simulator) and obviously, each application may have a different processing over the data. In order to enhance the synchronization between all the users programs and the simulator, the synchronization functions Queue of LabVIEW (Obtain Queue, Enqueue Element, Preview Queue Element, Dequeue Eleme

32、nt and Release Queue) have been used. These functions allow sending control messages as well as data messages between different modules or LabVIEW Virtual Instruments (VIs). The usage of these synchronization functions enhances the efficiency of the nal application and increases the integrity of it,

33、 since it makes the running of the simulator independent of the utilities library. Therefore the utilities library does not need to have any access to the global variables used by the simulator. This reduces the complexity of the access control protocols to these variables and, moreover, it increase

34、s the integrity of the system since the utilities library cannot change, in any case, the value of the simulators variables. There again, using the queues managing functions, increases the efficiency of the application since any module of interaction between the simulator and the utilities library s

35、tays in an idle state until it receives any data on its queue. 4. Integration in the nal systemAt the moment, the team that has developed the simulation platform is working on the integration of the users application in the nal system. The goal of this integration is to guarantee that a users applic

36、ation, as it has been dened in previous sections, can be run on the real data acquisition system 4 (in this case, on the data acquisition system in the TJ-II device located at the Centro de Investigations Energticas Medioambientales y Tecnolgicas (CIEMAT) of Madrid), without any modications on its c

37、ode. This involves the development of a resident application in the nal data acquisition system that integrates, manages and synchronizes all the users applications. Moreover, the utilities library should be modied to make it identify whether it is being run on a user machine together with the simul

38、ator or in the nal system. In both cases, it should make the suitable calls to the modules that communicate with the simulator or to the modules that LabVIEW offers to communicate with the hardware in the data acquisition system.The simulator and the utilities library have been developed specically

39、for the TJ-II device. Nevertheless, these modules are sufficiently generals as to be used in other fusion devices that include LabVIEW. A.2 译文在核聚变实验中的远程控制仿真平台摘 要在聚变实验中的远程控制主要挑战之一是对来自偏远地区的数据采集和处理过程的控制权。在最佳情况下，远程研究人员应该能够控制数据采集的配置参数和数据处理，并指定必须归还给他的结果。这里介绍的仿真平台，允许研究人员开发和测试高级图形语言（LabVIEW）的复杂算法，其中包括强大的数据处

40、理库。这些算法以后将下载到数据采集系统。此外，该平台允许数据采集的硬件仿真，其中包括以下几点：（a）模拟通道配置一个或若干个数据采集卡（通道使用，采样频率等），（b）带缓冲的模拟数据（它也有可能是在以前的实验获得的原始数据，使用模拟数据），（c）硬件行为（当然除了在实时行为和实际数据计算）的再现。为此，虚拟仪器（VIS）在LabVIEW编写的库将提供给远程开发者。在数据采集系统，这些VIS之后将被与他们实际硬件接口同源的VIS替换。该设施将允许远程研究人员在下载他们到数据采集系统之前核实他们自己的数据处理算法的正确行为。关键词：远程参与 模拟数据处理代码测试第四代语言1.介绍一个远程参与制度的

41、发展是一个近期TJ- II的数据采集改善的目标。这个装置是位于马德里Centrode Investigaciones Energticas Medioambientales Tecnolgicas (CIEMAT) .在这个意义上，努力集中在三个要点：安全的交易，具体的硬件和软件的发展，以提供实时的数据处理能力的系统，以及一个仿真平台，可以让研究人员开发和设计试验数据处理算法，模拟远程采集系统。本文介绍了该仿真平台的主要特点。该仿真软件开发的目的是为远程参与者提供一个系统，他们可能核实他们的正确的数据处理方案，无需研究直接地真正的数据收集系统。这样，他们可以在装载代码到最终系统之前检验他们自己

42、的发展。为了实现这一目标，一些更具体的目标已经确定：开发一个仿真平台，使生成具有不同特点的数据，这个平台将模拟真实数据采集系统；提供一个工具库，使用户与仿真平台透明的沟通；提供机制，使用户的数据处理方案工作在仿真平台，以及对真实数据采集系统的方式对用户透明。2.系统架构该系统已开发使用的第四代高级语言美国国家仪器公司的LabVIEW。这种语言包括强大的数据加工库，允许研究人员开发一个对自己的数据处理算法简单而有效的方法。该仿真平台的体系结构可以分为两大块：模拟器，这是可靠地的模拟数据采集系统的行为，并且产生的信号也具有不同的特点。一个使用LabVIEW开发的工具库，允许使用LabVIEW在数据

43、采集处理缓冲区的管理。2.1模拟器该模拟器是由四个模块：模拟器配置，启动模拟器，模拟器读取和模拟器清除。这些模块收到一个新的获得请求，仿真开始时，各自地数据读取和使用的资源释放。他们每个都是独立的，并与其他部分以并行的方式运行。该模块之间的沟通和同步是通过全局变量，它的访问受信号控制。模拟器的配置要求如下操作参数：渠道的定义，缓冲大小和采样速率。一个数据库的定义，其中包含用户的标识符（ID）和哪些通道定义是关联到它们中的每一个。该模拟器在多用户的方式工作，这就需要确定哪些渠道是由每个用户程序与模拟器交互使用。这在章节2.2中更深入地描述。定义的信号类型，将在每个通道使用。该模拟器能够产生九种不

44、同的信号：正弦波，方，三角，锯齿，定期随机噪声，高斯白噪声，均匀白噪声，公式（此选项用于允许从一个数学表达式产生一个信号的可能性）和文件的波形（此选项允许从一个文件中存储的数据生成一个信号的可能性，这可能使模拟器与以往获取数据信号一起使用）。每个通道相关信号参数的定义。根据类型的信号，这将有必要确定以下一些参数：频率，偏移，相位，标准差，公式，路径（文件的波形），幅度，增加幅度（此参数表示是否信号的幅度应随着时间的增加或减小），增加（在信号的幅度应增加的因素中）。2.2工具库这些提供给用户的工具库已开发，使用类似用于由LabVIEW提供数据采集库的方法，这个库是由高级的模块组成，在系统行为中它

45、提供给用户一个极高的透明度。这将允许研究人员开发用于数据采集系统工作的应用程序，它不仅方式简单并且无需深入了解这种编程语言。这些工具库是由四个单元组成：AP配置：根据配置的要求为用户标识符（ID）提供适当的调制渠道的管理模块。AP开始：根据开始的要求获取ID通道的管理模块。AP阅读：发送阅读要求到模拟器并接收所要求数据的管理模块。AP清除：根据要求对可以被用来进行对获取接收到的ID资源释放的管理模块。使用这四个模块，用户将能够开发一个应用程序的代码图。用户应用程序的输入参数将有三个：用户的标识符（ID），应与在模拟器中定义的标识之一匹配，将确定其中模拟器将接收样品的渠道。第二个参数是将在前面提

46、到的（对扫描的百分比）的渠道收到的样本完成数。最后，第三个参数是在其中的数据将被收到（读取百分比）的大小。从用户的标识符（ID）开始，AP配置模块将要求模拟器配置关联的通道标识符。在这之后一直没有错误发生，AP将要求开始启动模拟器中（在这种情况下，当然，这将是一个模拟，而不是收购）表示渠道的获取。一旦获取已经开始，该用户的程序将进入一个循环中，它将进行连续读取模拟器通过 AP 读取模块所返回的数据。正是在这时，用户必须提出自己的数据处理算法（这将取代通用模块“我的进程”，）。一旦获取完成（在这种情况下模拟）的AP清除模块将释放模拟器使用的资源。3.模拟器件和工具库同步模拟器已经达到和工具库的共

47、同发展，这就允许了几个与模拟器件联络的用户程序可以并行执行而且可以从中接收数据。用这种方法，模拟器能够给几个用户的应用同时提供服务。每个应用都会有不同的用户ID，也可能会用一个或几个通道（在模拟器配置中定义），当然，每个应用都会对数据有不同的处理方法。为了增强所有用户编程和模拟器件的同步性，LabVIEW中的同步功能队列（获得队列，队列元素，预览队列元素，出列元素和释放队列）已经得到应用。这些功能元素允许在不同的模块或LabVIEW虚拟仪器间发送控制信息和数据信息。由于它们使共用库中的模拟器独立运行，这些同步功能的应用增强了终端应用的效率和它的完整统一性。所以工具库不需要进入模拟器的全局变量访

48、问，这就减少了进入控制这些变量协议的复杂性。更重要的是，由于工具库不会随意改变，（某些情况下，模拟器的值会改变）它增加了系统的统一性。值得一提的是，使用队列控制功能，由于工具库和模拟器件的联系模块，使它在没有接到数据进入队列的时候处于空闲状态，增加了应用的效率。4.终端系统的集成截至目前，这个已经发展成功了仿真论坛的团队正在致力于终端用户应用程序的合成。合成的最终目的是保证用户的应用（正如前面以及那个定义的那样）能够在真实的数据采集系统中运行（这种情况下，在放置在研究中心的TJ-II器件上获得数据就），而不用任何调制码。这就需要集成的数据获取终端在普通应用的发展，管理所有用户应用的同步。重要的是，公共库应该更新来鉴别它是否正在一个用户机上与模拟器件或终端设备上运行。从两方面看，它应该做出适当的调用模块来调用模拟器件模块按或者是调用LabVIEW提供的与硬件数据采集系统连接的模块。模拟器和工具库已经发展了专门的TJ-II器械应用模块。然而，这些模块通常被成功地在LabVIEW提供的其他融合器件中应用。