中外会计报表的比较及启示

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1、Higher Education Programme Feedback SheetProgramme Title: FinanceAccountingModule Title: Research ProjectStudent:Shi JuanModule Tutor: Liu HaijuanAssignment Title/Number: Assignment 1Submission Date: 31 October, 2012Learning Outcomes: Tutor FeedbackMarkClassification: 1st 2:1 2:2 Pass ReferStudent r

2、eflective comments on the assessment outcome to enhance future practice:Signature: Date: .Internal Second Marker Comments:Signature: .Date: .Cross Institute Marker Comments:Signature: .Date: .TitleChinese and foreign accounting report compare and enlightenment BackgroundThe accounting report was dev

3、eloped on the basis of the accounting standards, to help investors, creditors, and other users of accounting reports evaluate the enterprises operational and financial activities of the past and predict the future financial position of the enterprise. 2007, the Ministry of Finance introduced new acc

4、ounting regulations and corporate accounting standards are still differences with international guidelines. After Chinas accession to the WTO, now accounting reports international trade operator is unable to meet the requirements of the quality of its information. Although China has made a lot of im

5、provements in accounting standards, the Ministry of Finance, is still not sufficient to meet all the requirements, accounting reports should be further extended, should be increased to more non-monetary information.By at least for the current reporting system In the following defects: (1) Can not un

6、derstand the transactions of the middle raw uncertain matters and matters Impact; (2) Of the stick form can not be sufficiently heavy Depending on the economic substance; (3) accounting serious endless Whole; (4) Can not meet the reporting objectives reflect by Camp responsibility system to the deci

7、sion-making useful changes; (5) Is losing its relevance.Research objectiveAt understanding between China and the international norms, and in accordance with ChinasSpecific national conditions and make the appropriate adjustments to the investors and other users of accounting reportsWith the reliabil

8、ity, relevance, accounting reports easier to understand, and promote Chinas market economyFurther development.MethodIn this paper, two of the companys annual report, for example, Chinas accounting reports from the accounting statements and related notes, and should be disclosed in the financial repo

9、rt information about other aspects of foreign compare and make some suggestions. By comparison of accounting reports with the international financial reporting results reveal: Chinas accounting report, there are still many deficiencies, the need to further standardize and improve our accounting repo

10、rts.TimescaleSeptember 1-2：Review of literatureSeptember 3-13：To collect first-hand dataSeptember 14-20：Collection of secondary dataSeptember 21-25：Analysis of primary dataSeptember 26-30：Comparison of first-hand data and secondary dataOctober 1-3：Conclusion analysis recommendationsOctober 4-18：Fini

11、shing suggestionsOctober 19-23：Complete project reportOctober 24-28：Final writing of project reportResourcesI have access to the computer hardware and so fewer .Some care about people voluntarily provide some help. Following consultations, the three companies willing to fund and provide data.Referen

12、ces1. 2. 3. Chinese and foreign accounting report compare and enlightenmentShi JuanAbstractFinancial report is culmination of financial accounting. Corporate financial information is also the main carrier and the output form. Financial and accounting reports are more and more concern by business ope

13、rators and information users. States or international organizations also make specific provisions on the financial report. However, according to the actual situation of different countries, the systems and content of accounting reporting are different too. This report from the accounting concept, li

14、sts the composition and substance of national accounting report and the purpose of the preparation of accounting reports to comparative and analysis the inadequacies of the accounting report of China. We try to intend to further improve our financial and accounting reports and improve the quality of

15、 information in international transactions.Keywords: accounting reports International Comparison InspirationTable of contentsChapter Financial Reporting.61.1 Financial Accounting Report Definition61.2Composed of financial accounting reports.61.3 financial accounting reports role.6Chapter II comparis

16、on of Chinese and foreign financial report.8 2.1 Financial Reporting comparison.82.2 financial statements format differences compared with102.3 Comparison of the substance of the financial report.112.4 Comparison of financial reporting information disclosure differences.122.5 Differences in the fina

17、ncial statements of goalsChapter III our financial reporting problems.15Chapter IV Revelation of our financial reporting.17Bibliography .22Chapter Financial Reporting1.1Financial Accounting Report DefinitionThe financial report reflecting the financial position and operating results of the written d

18、ocuments, including balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, changes in equity table (new accounting standards require disclosure in the annual report), Schedule and Financial Statements and financial situation. General international or regional accounting standards for financial report

19、ing expertise of independent criteria. Financial Reporting from the international point of view is a more general term, but the term financial accounting reports in the current relevant laws and administrative regulations. In order to maintain the consistency of the legal system for the basic norms

20、still useless terminology of financial accounting reports, but at the same time the introduction of financial reporting terms, and pointed out that the financial and accounting reports, also known as financial reporting , which defied solution based convergence of national conditions and internation

21、al issues.1.2Composed of financial accounting reportsThe financial report includes the financial statements and should be disclosed in the financial report information and data. Among them, the financial statements of the report itself and its notes of two parts, the notes are an integral part of th

22、e financial statements; the report should at least include a balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows and other statements.The financial statements of the core content of the financial report, but in addition to outside the financial statements, financial reports should also inclu

23、de other relevant information, specifically in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and information needs of external users. If the companies can be disclosed in the financial reports of its commitment to social responsibility, contribution to community capacity for sustai

24、nable development, and other information, this information is also relevant for the users decisions, despite belonging to the non-financial information, and can not be included in the financial statements, but if regulations or user demand, corporate financial reporting should be disclosed, sometime

25、s companies can voluntarily disclose relevant information in the financial reports.1.3 financial accounting reports roleFinancial statements is the main part of the financial reporting, accounting information it provides an important role, mainly reflected in the following aspects:1.Comprehensive sy

26、stem to reveal the financial position of the enterprise in a certain period, operating results and cash flows, conducive to the operation and management personnel who understand the indicator of the completion of the tasks of the unit, the operating results of the evaluation and management personnel

27、, in order to identify problems and adjust the business direction, develop measures to improve the management level, improve economic efficiency, to provide the basis for economic forecasting and decision-making.2. Conducive to the countrys economic management departments to understand the health of

28、 the national economy. Summary and analysis of financial statements information provided by the various units, to understand and master the various industries, the economic development of the regional economic situation, in order to macro-control economic operation, optimizing the allocation of reso

29、urces to ensure the sustainable development of the national economy stable.3.Conducive to investors, creditors and other parties concerned to grasp the enterprises financial position, operating results and cash flows, and then analyzes corporate profitability, solvency, investment income, and develo

30、pment prospects for their investment, loans and trade basis for decision making.4. Help meet the financial, tax, business, audit and other departments to oversee the business management. Through financial statements can check and monitor whether enterprises to comply with the national laws, regulati

31、ons and systems, whether the behavior of tax evasion.Chapter II comparison of Chinese and foreign financial report2.1 Financial Reporting comparisonUSAJapanFranceChinaBalance sheetBalance sheetBalance sheetBalance sheetThe profit and loss accountThe profit and loss accountThe profit and loss account

32、The profit and loss accountStatement of Cash FlowsCalculation of profit distribution tableStatement of changes in accounting statusStatement of Cash FlowsChanges in EquitySupplemental schedulesSocial reportingChanges in equityStatementsNotes to theStatementsStatements(1) Statement of Cash Flows: the

33、 base of the four countriesDivision of state-owned accounting situation in the statements of changesThe other three countries, while the United States has been accountingThe situation changes in the table instead cash flow statement. Our referenceThis approach has been formally accounting situation

34、changes in the table to changeFor the cash flow statement. Accounting reports in Japan, though not packageIncluding accounting changes in circumstances (Cash Flow Statement), butThe accounting profession is very great importance to research in this area.(2) U.S. accounting and reporting features: In

35、 addition to the three baseIn the statements, the united States relative to other countries pay more attention toShareholders equity of changes in circumstances. This is because in the U.S.AG occupies an important position in the countrys economy, wideThe large change in the interests of investors t

36、o its own companyThat are extremely important.(3) Japanese accounting reporting features: in JapanAccounting reporting system, supplemental schedules asA separate part and have dedicated toRequirements. The provisions of the Commercial Code of Japan, the company needs to filerThe schedule contents o

37、f including capital and reserves increasedLess changes, the acquisition and processing of fixed assets andDetail of depreciation charges, the company and the subsidiary claimsDetails of subsidiary stock held copiesFor details of the amount, the asset-backed, there are specialThe fixed reserve the ca

38、lculation paid to directors and supervisors reportedPay, as well as to directors, supervisors and dominant shareholdersTo full information.(4) characteristics of the French accounting reports: France inIts accounting reporting system, in particular, are listed SameDivisions, with other countries, it

39、 is the most important point is notThe same, which reflects the master of social welfare in the French societyRighteous tendencies.(5) Statements Note: with the United States, Japan andFrance compared to Chinas accounting reporting system NotesPart, far less than other countries, rich in content, si

40、deLaw and diverse. Our comment section including accountingStatements and accounting affairs of two parts withinYung. Among them, the notes to the financial statements include only the accounting sideLaw changes, important items of information disclosure, the very itemsDescription of several element

41、s.2.2 financial statements format differences compared with(1) The format of the balance sheet: JapanPrepared by the United States has two formats, account type and reportedReport type and flow column before, China is also flowing columnBefore more emphasis on the solvency of the enterprise;France o

42、nly allow the use of account-fixed column beforeDescription more emphasis on the production capacity of enterprises in France.(2) the format of the income statement: up from the formatLook at China and the United States is basically the same, but our operating profit FanCircumference smaller than th

43、e United States. In addition, the regulation of our income statement itemsMore stringent than the range and the United States. Japan and France, the gridIn similar account or report type, reflecting withinCapacity is more detailed.(3) Changes in accounting status table: At present, ChinaAnd the Unit

44、ed States have been changed in the cash flow statement. In the United StatesThe practical application of the indirect method is more popular. OfAccounting Standards for Business Enterprises - Cash Flow Statements requiresPreparation directly Law.2.3 Comparison of the substance of the financial repor

45、t1, United States U.S. financial reporting requirements to comply with generally accepted accounting principles, the basic starting point is to protect the interests of investors and potential investors for decision-making to provide investors with objective and fair accounting information. Is a maj

46、or feature of the U.S. financial reporting statements Notes to become an important part of the system of financial statements, its entries more often occupy much space, for breach of consistency, the the comparability principle of the matter, comments also pre-order to reveal. The American Accountin

47、g stressed fully reveal the principles.2, the United KingdomUK financial reporting requirements to comply with the true and fair, the main objective is to protect the company interests of bondholders, shareholders, creditors. The high degree of openness of the British financial statements to fully p

48、rovide financial information for shareholders investors, creditors, and by the constraints of the audit objectives. Accounting reports in the United Kingdom company law strictly require data prompt the extent, the quality of accounting information properties, measurement attributes and units of meas

49、urement, report type and format requirements, fully embodies the transparency of the financial statements, the authenticity.3, FranceTo ensure that the states tax, so that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the tax law. The financial statements of the French style, as unlike th

50、e United States requires the largest possible representation, on the contrary only required to do a minimum representation. French financial report is not very concerned about the interests and needs of the investors, the stock market is affected by the impact of the companys financial position is a

51、lso smaller. The French financial report to comply with the EC Directive No. 4 and No. 7 instruction. In the 4th Directive before release, the French financial statements almost no notes, the report is limited to the filling: List of subsidiaries and associated companies, sub-industry sales revenue

52、calculation, Changes in fixed assets and receivables payable Ageing analysis of accounts table. The adoption of the 4th Directive Statements4, ChinaIn 1992, Chinas accounting reports by the traditional socialist program mode is very large, the financial statements for the purpose to serve the govern

53、ment, under the conditions of the planned economy, to provide the necessary information to enhance program management. However, after the reform and opening up, the original financial statements mode is difficult to meet the needs of the users. After the reform of the accounting system by the United

54、 States, but the capitalist market in China is far from the United States developed the program and information disclosed in the notes to the financial statements far less than the United States.2.4 Comparison of financial reporting information disclosure differences1. Comparison of the laws and reg

55、ulations:Major U.S. Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act provides that the accounting information disclosure of listed companies. The American emphasis on three areas: accounting information disclosure mandatory disclosure mandatory audit liability.Our country over the principles set forth

56、 in the Company Law and the Securities Law constraint, also SFC information disclosure rules and the Ministry of Finance, Accounting Standards legally binding. China also stressed mandatory disclosure mandatory audit, legal responsibility for the contents of the three. However, China has not yet pro

57、visions the information disclosure timeliness civil liability, as well as some of the responsibility too abstract and principles, not to facilitate the specific operation of the judicial.Predictive Financial Information Disclosure:2.Predictive Financial Information listed companies under the corpora

58、te environment for the development and operation of foreign public disclosure about the companys future financial position, operating results and cash flow forecasts and judgment, is a forward-looking financial information the disclosure of the management of the companys future development, importan

59、t part of the external financial reporting.The U.S. accounting profession and the securities industry has long specialized research on the predictability financial information disclosure issues experienced during the evolution prohibits the publication of the policy to encourage non-mandatory disclo

60、sure. U.S. listed companies to provide investors with the predictability of financial information have been very popular and the relative lack of predictive financial information disclosure system generally.3. Information the disclosure of off-balance sheet:The balance-sheet information refers to th

61、e provider of the financial statements can not or inconvenience reflected in the statutory accounting statements, but it can help users of financial statements to a comprehensive and correct understanding of the accounting statements, the financial situation of enterprises, or issues and the future development of important information, it is a supplement and description of the accounting statements.U.S. financial reporting full use of off-balance sheet information disclosed in this fo