大学英语四级考试试卷

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1、大学英语四级考试试卷I. Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneE-business requires instantaneous decision-making and KM (knowledge management) has a tremendous role to play in achieving this as well as quality feedback. Real-time business without proper knowledge and feedback information quickly turns into real

2、-time unsupervised and valueless chaos. Lack of adequate knowledge flow and coherent real-time views of a situation inevitably lead to disastrous consequences. The infamous Barings Bank operated a real-time futures business without real-time checks and balances, and did not ensure adequate quality o

3、f knowledge flows from the trading floor to controllers and managers. It was too-much-too-fast coupled with too-little-quality-feedback and insufficient understanding. There was too little real-time knowledge at hand and it turned out a spectacular disaster.The missing link was KM. No serious e-busi

4、ness effort should be undertaken without considering, planning and implementing a strong KM infrastructure. Real-time knowledge must flow from those who have it to those who must be able to make the right move at the right time. And there is no time to spare. E-businesses must be equipped with inter

5、active workflow tools and real-time business intelligence feedback in a clear and understandable format. People involved must have access to all underlying documents at all times at a snap of their fingers. Otherwise, they will guess rather than make informed decisions.Or worse, in fear of making a

6、huge mistake, people will make no decisions at all. Take a home loan application process for example. You would most likely apply to a number of banks at the same time. They would obviously compete on pricing, but the bank that can make your credit assessment first and most effectively, process the

7、documentation and inform you on the progress every step of the way will get your business. The rest may be stuck with less demanding, more risk-prone customers. This may affect their overall profitability, and ability to compete on price and service in the future. It could put them out of business a

8、ltogether. So is there a link between e-business and KM? I surely think so.1. According to the passage, in doing E-business, you must _.A. make quick decisionsB. learn many disciplinesC. work hardD. know how to promote yourself2. As the author puts it, being short of _ will lead to failure in E-busi

9、ness.A. support from the governmentB. sufficient knowledge flow and accurate views of the situationC. qualified managersD. loan from the bank3. Barings Bank went bankrupt because _.A. it involved itself in the futures businessB. its manager was not an expertC. it failed to smooth the knowledge flow

10、and the feedback processesD. of its slow decision-making process4. Some managers do not make decisions because _.A. they are not provided with sufficient informationB. they are slow in thinkingC. they are very democraticD. they have limited rights in the company5. When you apply for a home loan, you

11、 tend to choose a band which _.A. offers the lowest interestB. is located quite near to your houseC. will keep you informed of the on-goings in the processD. is big and famousPassage TwoJonathon H. Stillman, a marine biologist at Stanford University, tested the heat tolerance of four species of crab

12、s found in the shallow waters of the Pacific Ocean.Two of the crab species were from the Oregon coast and lived in waters that range from 47 degrees to 59 degrees in temperature. The other two came from the Gulf of California in Mexico and thrived in waters of 54 degrees to 86 degrees. Live specimen

13、s of the animals were placed in aquariums (鱼缸) which were held at a constant temperature just at the upper thermal range of their natural habitat. The crabs were then outfitted with sensors that measured heartbeat.The temperatures were raised in the individual aquariums by about a fifth of a degree

14、a minute until the animals heartbeat stopped. This established the upper thermal tolerance limit for each of the species.The Mexican crabs that lived in the hottest climate were the least able to adapt to an increase in temperatures above that which they normally encounter in their natural home. Tem

15、peratures in the habitat of one of the crabs often reaches 105.8 degrees F, but the animals died at 106.2, less than a degree above normal. One of the Oregon species was acclimated to a temperature of 65, but survived until the aquarium temperature reached 87.The crabs that came from the Oregon coas

16、t adapted best to a rise in temperature and had the greatest capacity to increase their heat tolerance.6. The crabs from the _ can survive in waters with higher temperature.A. Oregon CoastB. Atlantic OceanC. Gulf of California in MexicoD. State of California7. The researchers studied the crabs to fi

17、nd out _.A. their heat toleranceB. their heart beatsC. their living stylesD. the differences between two species of crabs8. The researchers didnt _ in the study.A. measure the crabs heart beatsB. place the crabs in aquariumsC. fix sensors on the crabsD. raise the temperature of the water gradually9.

18、 The Mexican crabs _.A. lived in a hotter climateB. live in waters of 47-59 degreesC. had better heat toleranceD. were less sensitive to the change in temperature10. The Oregon crabs _.A. lived in a hotter climateB. died at 106.2, less than a degree above normalC. only died at 87D. had greater capac

19、ity to increase their heat tolerancePassage ThreeScience and technology are productive forces. The scientific and technological revolution has played a very important role in the high-speed development of the economies of western countries including the United States since the war.Right before the e

20、nd of the war, the U.S. achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and space navigation. These three great inventions, together with other inventions in military scope, were applied to civil industries in the postwar period, which has led to the third

21、 great scientific and technological revolution in mans history. It was originated from the U.S. and it benefited the U.S. most.The first computer came into being in 1945 and in the same year, the first atom bomb was tested. Soon after the first man-made earth satellite of the Soviet Union was sent i

22、nto the sky in 1957, the U.S. launched her earth satellite into the orbit. Then the U.S. started an unprecedented Apollo program, with the aim of sending man to the moon within a decade. The project was successfully carried out and in 1969, for the first time in mans history, two human beings landed

23、 on the moon. It was the most remarkable triumph in the twentieth century.Science has been greatly responsible for the rise on big business, as it has given industry certain technological advances, such as assembly-line production, automation. Since World War, the computer has produced major changes

24、 in our way of doing things. Computers have also helped social scientists to take a more experimental view of humans and their universe.11. The U.S. accomplished three great inventions _.A. in military scopeB. for civil industriesC. before the end of the WWD. together with Britain12. The third great

25、 scientific and technological revolution was attributable to _.A. the application of many inventions to civil industriesB. Allied Forces victory of the warC. the Apollo programD. the expedition into the outer space13. The first atom bomb was tested _.A. before 1945B. in 1945C. in 1957D. after 195714

26、. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. The Soviet Union first sent man-made satellite into the space.B. The U.S. first sent human to the moon.C. The first computer was made in 1945.D. Computers can help social scientists do experiments in the universe.15. The best title for the passage is

27、 _.A. The importance of WWB. The important role of computers in experimentsC. Space competition between the two superpowersD. The impact of science on usII. Vocabulary and Structure (15%)16. This problem is _ an economic than a political one.A. no moreB. not moreC. no betterD. much more17. Even the

28、smallest baby can _ its mother by her voice.14A. confirmB. recognizeC. claimD. identify18. The eggs got rotten and _ a bad smell though they were kept in the refrigerator.A. sent outB. sent offC. sent inD. sent away19. The Second World War, _ the earlier one of 1914, prompted public concern about th

29、e physical and intellectual well-being of the countrys human resources.A. so asB. as wereC. as didD. same as20. Although Uncle John was sick, he was _ enough to hear and see everything around him.A. drowsyB. frightfulC. alertD. dizzy21. The newcomer was _ until he could display his wisdom and talent

30、.A. awaitingB. working hardC. expectingD. biding his time22. The person who _ this type of research deserves our praise.A. originatedB. manufacturedC. generatedD. estimated23. Gradually, the balloon _ out and rose into the air.A. burstB. stretchedC. enlargedD. expanded24. He offered to work out the

31、_, but I needed the money more.A. paymentB. debtC. loanD. cash25. His parents never intended _ together with him though they hoped to see him often.A. liveB. livingC. to have livedD. to be living26. In the procession, twelve guards on motorcycles _ the presidents car.A. precededB. proceededC. surrou

32、ndedD. surpassed27. The revenue _ from tourism can be certainly increased in the next ten years provided that the business is properly organized.A. derivedB. derivingC. to be derivedD. having derived28. I found many children there, most of them _ boys.A. areB. wereC. beenD. being29. Very few people

33、understood his lecture, the subject of which was very _.A. dimB. obscureC. conspicuousD. intelligible30. Since you have never been to a foreign country you cant _ what it will be like to live in another country.A. look intoB. dispose ofC. make upD. conceive of31. The computer has brought about surpr

34、ising technological changes _ we organize and produce information.A. in a wayB. in the wayC. in that wayD. in no way32. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty-four _.A. turned roundB. turned upC. turned inD. turned out33. Bill found out that oil does not _ in water.A. mingleB. blendC. dissolve

35、D. spray34. The courts are where _ is given to everyone, no matter who is rich or poor.A. fairnessB. equalityC. justiceD. loyalty35. It was the old-world politeness that _ me to go on with the unbearable conversation with him.A. obligedB. persuadedC. strainedD. upset36. The weatherman said we are li

36、kely to have a _ winter this year.A. peacefulB. smoothC. mildD. neutral37. He was _ on a charge of having infringed the Election Law.A. graspedB. seizedC. arrestedD. searched38. Lack of jobs and _ of money might lead to us all becoming more inventive in our fashion ideas.A. shortageB. rarityC. short

37、D. rare39. The car that had been following us _ us and disappeared from sight.A. advancedB. encounteredC. approachedD. overtook40. This performance is a big stride, _ towards adapting the western mind to the traditional Chinese opera.A. as it wereB. as it isC. as it wasD. as it has been41. The _ of

38、tests in the United States institutions can be a new and frightening experience for many foreign students.A. frequencyB. presenceC. efficiencyD. confidence42. It turns out that all the mothers trouble went _ as the child was not interested in painting.A. for nothingB. to nothingC. at nothingD. in no

39、thing43. My sister wrote to me that just on the _ of her departure for London, Caroline went to see her.A. eraB. eveC. eweD. end44. Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness and stomach upsets are thought to _ breathing polluted air.A. bring aboutB. arise fromC.

40、derive fromD. associate with45. Careless motorists are _ to meet with accidents.A. aptB. liableC. inclinedD. subjectIII. Cloze (10)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one that best fits into t

41、he passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.All life is sound. We are constantly (46) _ by sounds and noises made by nature and everything in (47) _. For thousands of years man (48) _ speaking and singing, and thanks to his wonderfully (49) _ ear, perceiving

42、sounds and noised, (50) _ they are but a small part of the inconceivable (51) _ of sounds filling the universe. Children everywhere and almost without (52) _ are born with musical abilities, with voices, and with hearing. The difference lies merely (53) _ what they do with these gifts. That (54) _ a

43、ccording to temperament, upbringing, nationality, and time.Nature itself is full of (55) _, full of music. Musical sounds existed millions of years (56) _ there was a human ear to hear (57) _; the soft bubbling of the water, the roll of (58) _ the whispering and rustling of (59)_ in the wind and (60

44、)_ knows how many other audible manifestations of nature. Man was (61) _ into a world of sound. Thunder filled him with fear and became a (62) _ of supernatural powers. In the roar of the wind he heard the voice of demons. Dwellers at the seashore (63) _ the temper of the gods by the sound of the wa

45、ves. Religious and music (64) _ inseparable (65)_ the dawn of humanity.46.A. surroundedB. surrenderedC. roundedD. bound 47.A. thisB. itC. thereD. here48. A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. is49.A. constructionB. constructiveC. constructingD. constructed50. A. yetB. evenC. soD. although51. A. richesB. so

46、urceC. wealthD. resource52. A. experienceB. knowledgeC. exceptionD. foundation53. A. beyondB. atC. onD. in54. A. variesB. differsC. contradictsD. contrasts55. A. noiseB. soundC. musicD. gifts56. A. whenB. beforeC. agoD. while57. A. soundB. musicC. themD. it58. A. valleyB. lightningC. lightD. thunder

47、59. A. leavesB. treesC. bladesD. grass60. A. whoB. whoeverC. nobodyD. anybody61. A. sentB. thoughtC. gotD. born62. A. sighB. symbolC. sightD. sign63. A. saidB. talkedC. judgedD. begged64. A. isB. wasC. wereD. are65. A. inB. onC. byD. atIV. TranslationDirections: Read the following passage and transl

48、ate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (10)Lets say youre waiting in a queue for a bus. Its raining hard and when the bus comes you realize you wont get on unless you jump the queue. What would you do? (1) (Half the Dutch questioned said theyd push their way on, as against 18 per cent of Finns a

49、nd 32 per cent of Britons.)In Germany, 38 per cent said they would queue-barge. Not, however, one Stuttgart respondent: Queuing is something I learned in Britain. Yet a Nottingham pensioner said: Do people actually queue any more? We asked people if they would conceal income to avoid paying tax. Acr

50、oss Europe, 39 per cent said they would, compared with 46 per cent in the UK. In Austria, though, a whopping (巨大的) 64 per cent say theyd cheat. In Belgium, one 47-year-old admitted that he wouldnt hesitate. (2) (In my job, I see people cheating every day. Those who dont are either innocent or stupid

51、. His job? Tax official.)(3) (A classic ethical situation: as you leave the supermarket, you realize the cashier has given you too much in change. Would you return and give the money back?) Two thirds of the Europeans we asked, 67 per cent, answered yes (69 per cent in the UK); and even more impress

52、ively, 80 per cent of the French.Still, situational ethics are often involved. It depends on the cashier, argued a young Czech businesswoman. If she was pleasant and smiling, Id tell her that shed given me too much change. If not, I wouldnt bother. For one Dutchman, its size that matters. Id return

53、money to a corner shop, but not a big department store.Company size also mattered when Europeans were asked about installing illicit copies of software on their own computers. As one Swiss 25-year-old put it, Bill Gates of Microsoft is rich enough; I dont feel guilty about using illegal copies of hi

54、s software. This seemed the view of the 75 per cent of those polled in Portugal; though only 64 per cent would do this in Europe as a whole.(4) (The question that probably caused most heart-searching was whether to tell a friend if youd seen their husband/wife walking hand-in-hand with a stranger.)

55、In Portugal, 51 per cent said they would as opposed to 18 per cent in Slovakia. Overall, 37 per cent across Europe and 43 per cent in the UK said theyd tell.(5) (On some other issues was there a sharper divide between the ages.) For, while 55 per cent of European young people would enlighten their f

56、riend, only 18 per cent of those over 50 would take this step. It was a question that brought several of our respondents to a stunned silence, and some close to tearsS1. _ S2. _ S3. _ S4. _ S5. _ V. Guided Writing (15)Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition. The title of your composition is give. Your composition may consist of two or three paragraphs and include the following main ideas given in Chinese.Fast Food in China1. 目前中国有两种快餐：中式快餐和西式快餐。2. 这两种快餐各有其优缺点。3. 中式快餐应努力在竞争中取胜。