公路工程监理员培训——质量小抄

《公路工程监理员培训——质量小抄》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《公路工程监理员培训——质量小抄（4页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、专业好文档1）监理是监理人员依据监理合同对工程质量、安全、环保、费用、进度实施的监督和管理活动。2）质量控制程序开工报告、工序检查认可和中间交工证书是主要环节。3）监理人员每天对每道工序的巡视应不少于1次，并按规定的格式详细做好巡视记录。4）应对试验工程、重要隐蔽工程和完工后无法检测其质量或返工会造成较大损失的工程进行旁站。5）应对钢材、沥青、水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、砂砾、碎石等主要原材料及各种混合料进行抽检，抽检频率应不低于施工单位自检频率的20%，其余材料应不低于10%；6）适合于公路工程质量检验的随机抽样方式一般采用以下做法：单纯随机抽样；系统抽样；分层抽样。7）含水量(W)：土体中所含水的

2、质量与土颗粒（干土）质量之比（用百分率表示）。8）室内测定土的含水量的标准方法是烘干法。9）路面底面以下80 cm部分称为路床10）路床顶面最后一层的最小压实厚度，不应小于10cm 11）碾压前，应对填土层的松铺厚度、平整度和含水量进行检查；12）压实应遵循先轻后重、先低后高、先慢后快的原则。13）施工过程中，每一压实层均应检验压实度，其频率为每1000m2至少检验2点14）干密度=干土质量/土体总体积；补充：影响压实效果的主要因素：含水量、土的级配、压实土层厚度、压实功能，平整度。15）桥涵及其它构造物的回填：填料宜采用透水性材料、轻质材料、无机结合料等，非透水性材料不得直接用于回填；基坑回

3、填必须在隐蔽工程验收合格后进行；应分层填筑，分层压实；分层厚度宜为100200mm16）地面排水设施：边沟、截水沟、排水沟、急流槽、跌水、蒸发池（积水池）、油水分离池等。17）地下排水设施：暗沟（管）、渗沟、渗井、隔离层等。18）路基支挡构造物的主要型式有：挡土墙、护肩、护坡和护面墙。19）粗糙度用路面与轮胎的摩擦系数和路表纹理深度表示，可用铺砂法（构造深度TD(mm)）、摆式仪法（摩擦摆值BPN）和横向力系数测定车（横向力系数SFC）测定20）水泥混凝土路面面层的抗滑检查，不测摩擦系数，只用铺砂法检查构造深度；沥青混凝土路面面层的抗滑检查要用摆式仪或横向力系数测定车检测摩擦系数，用铺砂法检查

4、构造深度。21）灰剂量=水泥或石灰质量/干土质量（按百分率计）。22）铺筑基层试验路段的目的是：检验承包人提出的施工方案和施工方法的适用性，获取正式施工时的各项技术参数。内容（确定）：材料配比；松铺系数；延迟时间（仅对于水泥稳定，延迟时间混合料从加水拌和到碾压终了的时间23）半刚性基层(底基层)施工时，日最低气温应在5。C以上24）养生期不宜少于7d25）检查水泥、石灰剂量的常用方法是滴定(EDTA二钠)法。26）底基层和基层施工程序的主要内容为：施工放样、混合料拌和、摊铺碾压成型、初期养护。27）油石比（Pa）=沥青质量/矿料总质量100（%）沥青含量（沥青用量Pb）=沥青质量/混合料总质量

5、100（%）。28）用两台弯沉仪同时进行左右轮弯沉值测定时，应按两个（独立）测点计，不能采用左右两点的平均值29）水泥砼路面接缝的传力杆应采用光圆钢筋，应用于横向接缝，拉杆应采用螺蚊钢筋，用于纵缝。30）有传力杆缩缝的切缝深度应为1/31/4板厚，最浅不得小于70mm；无传力杆缩缝的切缝深度应为1/41/5板厚，最浅不得小于60mm；缩缝切缝宽度宜控制在46mm。31）桥梁施工准备阶段，监理工程师应检查的主要内容有：桥涵位置中线放样和检查；施工设备的配置和审批；原材料砂浆和砼配比的试验与确认；施工方案审定。32）钢筋接头采用塔接或帮条电弧焊时，宜采用双面焊缝。接头双面焊缝的长度不应小于5d，单

6、面焊缝的长度不应小于10d。气温低于-20时，不得施焊。33）水泥存放超过3个月，应重新取样检验。34）桥梁基础形式有明挖基础、桩基础、沉井基础等。35）围堰常用形式有：土围堰、土袋围堰、钢板桩围堰、钢筋混凝土板桩围堰、竹（铅丝）笼围堰、套箱围堰等。36）地基检验：内容：平面位置、尺寸大小、基底标高；地质情况，承载力；基底处理、排水情况；施工记录、试验资料。37）清孔后的泥浆指标，是从桩孔的顶、中、底部分别取样检验的平均值38）水泥砂浆试件3个为1组。重要及主体砌筑物，每工作班制取2组，一般及次要砌筑物，每工作班可制取1组。39）混凝土抗压强度应为标准尺寸试件（边长150mm的立方体）在温度为

7、(203)及相对湿度不低于95%的环境中养护28d做抗压试验时所测得的抗压强度值（单位MPa），在进行混凝土强度试配和质量评定时，取其保证率为95%。混凝土试件以同龄期者三块为一组40）后张法：先浇筑水泥混凝土，待达到规定的强度后再张拉预应力筋以形成预应力混凝土构件的施工方法；先张法：先在台座上张拉预应力钢材，然后浇筑水泥混凝土以形成预应力混凝土构件的施工方法。41）千斤顶与压力表应配套校验，张拉机具设备应与锚具配套使用。42）预应力筋采用应力控制方法张拉时，应以伸长值进行校核。设计无规定时，实际伸长值与理论伸长值的差值应控制在6以内43）在施加预应力前，应对构件进行检验；张拉时，若设计未规定

8、，混凝土强度不应低于设计强度等级值的75%；44）放张：设计未规定时，混凝土强度不得低于设计强度等级值的75%；45）土质路基填料应符合哪些规定？答：含草皮、生活垃圾、树根、腐殖质的土严禁作为路基填料；泥炭、淤泥、冻土、强膨胀土、有机质土、含盐量超过允许含量的土不得直接用于填筑路基；确需使用，须采取处理检验合格（3）液限大于50%、塑性指数大于26、含水量不适宜直接压实的土，不得直接作为路堤填料；（4）粉质土不宜直接填筑于路床，不得直接填筑于浸水部分的路堤及冰冻地区的路床；（5）填料的最小强度和最大粒径应符合规范规定。46）土质路堤填筑有哪些基本规定？答： 应水平分层、分段填筑；同一水平层应用

9、同一种填料，不得混填；每种填料的填筑层压实后的连续厚度不宜小于0.5m；路床顶面最后一层的最小压实厚度，应不小于10cm；优良土应填筑在路基上层，强度较小的填料应填在下层；透水性较小的土层，应做成2%4%的双向横坡；每种填料的松铺厚度应通过试验确定；每一填筑层压实后的宽度不得小于设计宽度；原地面纵坡大于12%或横坡陡于1:5时，应设置坡度向内的台阶；分段施工时，接头部分若搭接，则搭接长度不小于2m；否则应按1:1坡度分层留台阶。47）叙述铺筑沥青路面试验段的目的与内容。答：目的：（1）证实混合料的稳定性以及拌和、摊铺和压实设备的效率；（2）检验施工方法、施工组织的适应性。主要内容：（1）确定合

10、理的机械数量与组合方式；（2）确定拌和、摊铺、碾压的操作工艺以及松铺系数、接缝方法等；（3）验证沥青混合料配合比设计（4）确定压实度的标准检测方法；（5）检测渗水系数。48）试述热拌沥青混合料压实的质量控制要点。答：（1）混合料温度应符合规范要求并应在尽可能高的温度下进行；（2）应配备足够数量的压路机；（3）初压应紧跟摊铺机后，并保持较短的初压区长度；（4）复压应紧跟初压后，应采用重型轮胎压路机或振动压路机，碾压时相邻碾压带重叠宽度：轮胎压路机为1/31/2的碾压轮宽度，振动压路机为1020cm；（5）碾压应由低向高、缓慢、均匀地进行，中途不得停留、转向或制动；（6）碾压轮出现沾轮应立即清除。

11、49）试述钻孔灌注桩灌注水下混凝土的若干技术要求。答：灌注前，应检测沉淀厚度；钢筋笼安放检验完毕后，应立即开始灌注；砼拌和物运至灌注地点时，应检查其均匀性和坍落度等；导管管径不小于250mm，应进行水密、承压和接头抗拉试验；导管底端至孔底应有25cm40cm的间距，首批灌注混凝土的数量应能满足导管首次埋深（1.0m）和填充导管底部的需要，并应连续灌注；灌注时间不得长于首批混凝土初凝时间；灌注过程中，导管埋深宜控制在26m，并应注意保持孔内水头；为防止钢筋骨架上浮，当灌注的混凝土顶面距钢筋骨架底部1m左右时，应降低灌注速度，直至拌和物上升到骨架底口4m以上。灌注的桩顶标高应比设计高出0.51.0

12、m；灌注将近结束时，应核对混凝土灌入数量；50）钻孔灌注桩成孔检验、灌注前和灌注过程中，监理要做哪些检查？答：（1）成孔检查：孔位、孔深、孔径、倾斜度、沉淀厚度、清孔后泥浆指标（相对密度、粘度、含砂率）；（2）灌注前检查：钢筋笼制作与安装、沉淀厚度、泥浆指标、导管、砼的均匀性和坍落度；（3）灌注中检查：砼的均匀性、坍落度、导管埋深、灌注时间、灌入数量。51）对力筋施加预应力之前，必须完成（或检验）哪些工作？答：施工现场应具备经批准的张拉程序和现场施工说明书；操作人员 现场已有具备预应力施工知识和正确操作的操作人员；锚具安装正确，对后张构件，混凝土已达到要求的强度；施工现场已具备确保全体操作人员

13、和设备安全的必要的预防措施。52）试述后张法预应力施工的一般要求。答：（1）承包人提交张拉报告，说明施工工艺及静力计算等；（2）应由通过正式训练的人员进行操作；（3）设备至少每间隔两个月进行一次检查和保养；（4）当千斤顶使用超过6个月或200次或出现不正常现象时，应重新校验。（补K0=96%）解：k=95.93%，S=0.944%，t/n =0.580 代表值K=k -(t/n)S=95.93-0.580.944=95.38（%） K K0=96%， 不合格。设填料土的最大干密度干土最大=1.91g/cm3。假定从压实后的现场某处（灌砂法）获得：湿土体积V湿土=2000cm3， 湿土质量m湿土

14、= 4300g； 试（土）样A，湿重54.72g，干重45.83g；试（土）样B，湿重46.16g，干重38.52g。求：压实度K。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated ag

15、ainst USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck

16、 with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugb

17、y league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football As

18、sociations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience

19、was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by T

20、oures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have

21、 to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 m

22、iles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,00

23、0 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far

24、history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating

25、on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournamen

26、t has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.