高中英语外研版必修五教师用书Module 1 British and American English

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1、 Module 1British and American English【美文阅读】我们都知道美国和英国都说英语，但你知道英国英语和美国英语到底有什么区别吗？下面让我们来看究竟吧American and British EnglishAmerican and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences.In the early 18th century，English spelling was not standardized.Differenc

2、es became noticeable(明显的，显著的) after the publishing of influential dictionaries.Current British English spellings follow，for the most part，those of Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language (1755)Many of the now characteristic American English spellings were introduced，although not，for the m

3、ost part，created，by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language of 1828.Webster was a strong proponent of spelling reform for reasons both philological and nationalistic.Many spelling changes proposed in the US by Webster himself，and in the early 20th century by the Simplified Sp

4、elling Board，never caught on.Among the advocates of spelling reform in England，the influences of those who preferred the Norman (or AngloFrench) spellings of certain words proved decisive.Subsequent spelling adjustments in the UK had little effect on presentday US spelling，and vice versa(反的)While in

5、 many cases American English deviated(偏离；脱离) in the 19th century from mainstream British spelling，on the other hand it has also often retained older forms.The spelling systems of Commonwealth countries，for the most part，closely resemble the British system.In Canada，however，while most spelling is “Br

6、itish”，many “American” spellings are also used.Additional information on Canadian and Australian spelling is provided throughout the article.【诱思导学】1What does this passage mainly tell us? 【答案】This passage mainly tells us American and British English spelling differences.2What influenced current Briti

7、sh English spelling? 【答案】Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language (1755)3Did later spelling adjustments in the UK have influence on presentday words? 【答案】No.Period Previewing(教师用书独具)课标技能要求初步掌握本课文中的词汇，浅层次理解课文，了解相关的背景知识。教学目标本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一

8、个铺垫作用。教学地位本课是新高二的第一课，上好这一课至关重要，会给学生留下非常深刻的印象。刚刚进入高二，学生对语言的学习已经有了初步的积累。通过本节的教学，让学生了解“英式英语和美式英语”的异同，为语言的学习增加更多的感性材料。进一步确定高中英语怎样学，学习方法上做些什么样的调整等。所以，上好本堂课会让学生对语言学习产生更深一步的认识。(教师用书独具)新课导入建议Step 2.Leadin1Do you like travelling?Have you ever been to the other countries?What do you know about Britain/America

9、n? 利用多媒体播放VCD或DVD介绍美国人和英国人所说的英语，请同学们注意其中的异同。(Ask students to speak out as many as they can.)2Whats the difference between the UK and the USA？(The teacher can show the students some pictures.)(Ask the students to write down the differences and check with their partner.)Step 2.Warmingup (Introduction)

10、1Read two English letters and decide which is written by an American.2Comprehend quotations about the differences.Step 3.Fast reading1Help students to grasp the main idea of the text by doing the task.2Read the titles and the first sentences of each paragraph and find four ways in which British and

11、American English are different.教学流程设计导入新课。学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第1页)。学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第2页)。学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第2页)。老师布置作业，让学生看课本第1页并完成课本第2页1、2题和第3页3、4、5题，预习学案Period (见学案第37页)，列举出英式英语和美式英语的异同。(对应学生用书第1页).篇章结构阅读文章，然后完成下面表格(每空不超过3个

12、词)ItemsAmerican EnglishBritish EnglishVocabularyautomobile，1. ，gas，subway，cabcar，motorway，petrol，underground，2. Grammar3. .？Have you got.？My friend 4. My friend has just arrived.on the team，on the weekend；5. ！in the team，6. ；Write to me soon！ItemsAmerican EnglishBritish EnglishSpelling7. color，progr

13、amcentre，colour，8. PronunciationThere is as much 9. of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.The development of EnglishSome experts believe that the two varieties are moving 10. .【答案】1.freeway2.taxi3.Do you have4.just arrived5.Write me soon6.at the weekend7.center8.programme9.variat

14、ion10.closer.语篇理解阅读P23的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案1The first and most obvious way about the differences between British and American English is Ain spelling and pronunciationBonly in grammarCof course in the vocabulary2“Two nations divided by a common language”implies Apeople from the two nations ca

15、nt understand each otherBthe author of the phrase thought about the differences when he wrote the sentenceCthe two nations are completely different in speaking the common language3If you turn on CNN，you will find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with .Adifferent accentsBthree accents

16、 of different countriesConly American and Spanish accents4Webster is bestknown for .Ahis improving American written EnglishBhis American Dictionary of the English Language first published in 1828Chis dictionary is still the number one dictionary for all the students all over the world5According to t

17、he passage，we know British and American English are different in .Aonly two ways：vocabulary and pronunciation Bthe vocabulary，grammar，spelling and pronunciation Calmost no ways【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B5.B.课文缩写用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写think about；vocabulary；accents；with a different meaning；made the remark；divided b

18、y；because of；communication；in many ways；pronunciationBritish and American English are different 1 .The first and most obvious way is in the 2 .Hundreds of words，part of which are not so wellknown ，are not used or used 3 .Grammar and prepositions are another two areas besides spelling and 4 .American

19、 spelling seems simpler.When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw 5 that the British English and the Americans are two nations 6 a common language，he was obviously 7 the differences.But it is doubtful whether these differences are so important.Some experts believe British and American English are mo

20、ving closer 8 the nonstop 9 between them.On the other hand，English is being spoken with different 10 .However，no matter how many “Englishes” there will be，the users of English will all be able to understand each other.【答案】1.in many ways2.vocabulary3.with a different meaning4.pronunciation5.made the

21、remark6.divided by7.think about8.because ofmunication10.accents.词义搭配1accentAto form or join a line of people2obvious Bin a steady manner3queue Cunclear and difficult to understand4confusing Deasy to notice or understand.5compare Ea way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country

22、or area a person comes from6omit Fto be different from something in some way7differ Gto examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other8steadily Hto leave undone or leave out【答案】1.E2.D3.A4.C5.G6.H7.F8.B.短语填空have difficulty (in) doing sth.；be

23、similar to；lead to；have something in common；queue up；compare sth.with sth.；make a difference；get around1 your answers those at the back of the book to see if they are right.2Whenever I anything，I will ask my father for advice.3The sea air has her health.4Hard work and dedication success.5Although He

24、ster and Camilla are women in different eras，they .6We should in public place.【答案】1.Compare，with2.have difficulty in doing3.made a difference to4.lead to5.have something in common6.queue up.句型背诵1America and England are two countries divided by a common language.美国和英国是两个被共同语言分开的国家。2You will prefer to

25、 get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)你愿意乘taxi(英式)或是cab(美式)游览城市。3Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，its a torch.美国人把手电简称为“flashlight”，而英国人却叫它“torch”。4Users of English will all be able to understand each otherwherever they are.说英语的人无论在哪里都能够彼此了解。5But it has also led to

26、lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但它也导致了大量的美语单词和结构进入英语中，以至于现在许多人认为英式英语将会消失。Period Introduction & Reading and Speaking(教师用书独具)课标技能要求重点词汇的理解与应用。教学目标(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和

27、使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和表示将来用法的句子和段落完成有关语言的区别表达，提高学生的书面表达能力。教学地位单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以准确理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。(教师用书独具)新课导入建议Have you heard of BBC? Have you heard of VOA? What are the differences betw

28、een BBC and VOA? (通过学生非常熟悉的两档英语节目发问，引出本课的主题英式英语与美式英语的差异。)教学流程设计导入新课。老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第7页)。布置作业。让学生完成课本第4页第1、2题，“课时作业”(见学案第95页)和预习Period (见学案第711页)。(对应学生用书第3页)1have.in common with和有相同之处We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language.(教材P1)

29、现在我们真的在各个方面与美国都差不多，当然，语言除外。I have nothing in common with Jane.我和简毫无共同之处。We had all things in common in those days.那时我们共同分享一切东西。have much/a lot/ something/ everything /nothing(little)in common(with)有很多/一些/所有/几乎没有共同之处common practice惯例common sense常识in common共同的，共同享有的，共同使用的in common with和一样；有共同之处out of

30、(the) common不寻常的，特殊的In common with many other countries.Our country has experienced major changes over the last 30 years.与许多别的国家一样，我国在过去的30年里经历了重大变化。He had noticed nothing out of the common.他没有发现异乎寻常的事。common/ordinary/general/usualcommon意为“常见的，不足为奇的”，强调出现的次数频繁或范围广泛。common 还可表示“共同的，共有的”。 用于 in common

31、 (with)，意为“(与)有共同之处，共用”。ordinary意为“普通的，平凡的”，强调合乎常规、并不特殊。in ordinary dress 穿便服；an ordinary working day 一个普通工作日；用于 out of the ordinary，意为“不平常，非凡”。general意为“一般的，全体的，总(括)的”等。用于 in general，意为“总的说来，通常”等。usual意为“平素的，惯常的，通常的”，指经常出现而不变。用于 than usual (比平常) 和 as usual(像往常一样)。This kind of birds is common in the

32、 countryside.这种鸟在郊区很常见。His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。This book is intended for the general reader，not for the specialist.这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。As usual，he arrived early and started to work.像往常一样，他很早就到了，并开始工作。用common/ordinary/general/usual填空Such a long delay is out

33、of the .We will meet at the time.Its a mistake quite among students.Children in are fond of candy.【答案】ordinaryusualcommongeneral2make a difference对有影响，使不相同It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.(教材P1)老师讲英式英语还是美式英语，这是没有多大区别的。Exercise can make a big di

34、fference to your state of health.锻炼会极大地改善你的健康状况。 It doesnt make much difference to me what you do/whether you go or stay.你做什么对我丝毫没有影响/你走还是留下来对我都一样。make much/a great/a lot of difference to 对有很大的影响make no/little difference 对没有影响tell the difference between.说出的区别Can you tell the difference between apes

35、and monkeys? 你能区分猿和猴子吗？完成句子你的支持肯定会对我们的事业起重要作用。Your support will certainly in our cause.没有他，会影响你的工作吗？Does his absence your work?【答案】make a differencemake a difference to3get around走动；到处旅行；(谣言等)传开.you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)(教材P2)你愿意乘taxi(英式)或是cab(美式)游览城市

36、。Working for an international company，he gets around/about quite a lot.他在一家跨国公司工作，常常出差。Rumors get around quickly.流言传播得很快。get about get around走动，到处旅行get along设法度过，过活；相处get away from 避免，摆脱；逃离 get back回来，归来get down to(静下心来)认真处理get on登上(火车、公共汽车、飞机等)；相处融洽，前进，进展get through通过；到达；做完；接通电话get over爬过，克服，(疾病、惊恐

37、、损害等)恢复How can we get away from poverty?我们怎样才能摆脱贫困？ The task isnt as difficult as it seems when you really get down to it.在你真正认真做这项工作时，它并不像看上去那样困难。John has got through the examination.约翰已经通过考试了。用适当的介词、副词填空The work was getting quite well.Here is a difficulty for you to get .We need more rain to get t

38、he summer.We only got from our holidays yesterday.I must get business.【答案】alongoverthroughbackdown to4Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，its a torch.(教材P2)美国人把手电简称为“flashlight”，而英国人却叫它“torch”。【句式分析】此句中的while为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示前后两者的对比转折，连接并列句。此时要注意与however，but，yet在行文逻辑方面的不同，后者表示行文意义上的转折。So

39、me people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，而有些人却吃不饱。The walls are green，while the ceiling is white.墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。while作从属连词，意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。此时的主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，while从句谓语动词通常是延续性动词。 while作从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句，从句通常位于句首。在while，when，if，until，unless，though等引导的状语从句中，如果其主语和主句中

40、的主语一致，且谓语含有be 动词或为it is (was)形式时，可省去从句中的主语和be动词。从句中的主语和谓语动词是主动关系时常用动词ing形式，从句中的主语和谓语动词是被动关系时，则用动词ed形式。While/When she was listening to the radio，she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可他对他们很严格。If(it is)necessary，you should turn to your parents for h

41、elp.如果有必要，你应该向父母求助。He wont come unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请，他才肯来。【提示】只有当主句和从句的主语一致时，才能出现省略。从句中若有it be时，也可省略。【对接高考】(2012四川高考)At school，some students are active some are shy，yet they can be good friends with each other.AwhileBalthoughCso Das【解析】句意：在学校里，有些学生很活跃，而有些很害羞，但是他们互相能成为很好的朋友。while表示两者的对比，符合语境

42、。although虽然，引导让步状语从句，so因此，表示因果关系；as由于，当时，引导原因状语从句或时间状语从句。【答案】A翻译句子我对音乐感兴趣，而我哥哥却对体育感兴趣。 我们正在谈话时，他进来了。 虽然我承认他的优点，我还是能看到他的缺点。 【答案】I am fond of music while my brother is fond of sports.While we were talking，he came in.While I admit his good point，I can see his shortcomings.5confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的Someti

43、mes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.(教材P2)有时，同一个单词的意思有稍微的不同，这令人迷惑。The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解。I am mixed up about these confusing directions.我被这些混乱的指示弄糊涂了。confused adj.困惑的，烦恼的，混杂的，分辨不出的confuse vt.混乱，狼狈，困惑 confuse A with/and B; be

44、confusing A with/and B分不清A和BYou must be confusing me with someone else.你肯定是把我错当作另一个人了。Im always confusing wheat with/and Chinese leek.我总分不清小麦和韭菜。完成句子这些使用说明太让人费解了。你能帮我看一下吗？The instructions .Could you help me with them，please?这问题太难，我们感到困惑。The question is so hard，and we .【答案】are terribly confusingare g

45、etting confused6compare vt.& vi.比较，对照Prepositions，too，can be different：compare on the team，on the weekend (American) with in the team，at the weekend (British)(教材P2) 介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。Lets compare the translation with the original.让我们把译文和原文比较

46、一下。He compared the girl to the moon in the poem.他在诗中把那姑娘比作月亮。compare A with B拿A和B比较compare A to B把A比作Bcompared with/to.和相比This road is quite busy compared to/with ours.与我们那条路相比，这条路很繁忙。Social life in a village cannot be compared with that of a large city.乡村的社会生活不能和大城市的相比。 compare to/compare withcompa

47、re to意思是“把比做”，表示不同类的人或物之间的相比或比喻。compare with意思是“与比较”，表示同类的人或事物之间的比较；有时to可代替with.Please dont always compare me with others.不要总把我和别人比。Compared to/with many women，she was indeed fortunate.和许多妇女相比，她的确是幸运的。The teacher compares his books to friends.老师把书比作是他的朋友。教师备课资源beyond compare无与伦比comparison n比较by/in c

48、omparison with与相比compare opinions/notes with 和交换看法单项填空 the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.ACompare toBWhen comparing withCComparing to DWhen compared with【解析】本题为一省略句，补充完整为：When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does n

49、ot seem big at all.When引导的时间状语从句可以省略，如果主、从句前后主语一致，从句在省略主语的同时，也省去be动词(is)，自然成了When compared，过去分词compared与后面的主语ocean之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，是“被比较”，A、B、C是“比较”主谓关系，明显错，再者compare with为同类人或物之间的比较，而compare to是不同类人或物的比较，是“把比做”的意思。【答案】D7differ vi.不一致；不同，有区别They differ widely in their opinions.他们的意见分歧很大。 That is where w

50、e differ.这是我们的分歧所在。differ about (on)可表示对某问题有异议differ from 不同于；和不同；和意见不一致differ in.在某方面有异议differ with sb.(on/about/over sth.)不同意(某人)或某种意见be different from 与不同His view of life is different from yours.他的人生观与你的不同。Customs differ in different countries.Customs differ among different nations.Customs differ

51、 with countries.Customs differ from country to country.各国的风俗差别很大。完成句子他的观点与其父母大相径庭。His views considerably those of his parents.这两双鞋颜色不同，大小却一样。The two pairs of shoes colour but not size.我和菲尔在许多事情上意见不一致。I Phil on many things.【答案】differ，fromdiffer；indiffer with单项填空People greatly differ their views of li

52、fe.Afrom BinCat Dto【解析】differ in在 方面不同。【答案】B8be similar to与相似The accent，which is most similar to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.(教材P2)这种口音和英国英语非常相似，可以在美国东海岸被听到。My opinions are similar to his.我的看法跟他的相似。She has a dictionary similar to mine.她有一本和我的类似的词典。be similar in 在方面相似，和差不

53、多similarly adv.相似地；类似地similarity n相似；类似We are somewhat similar in taste.我们的口味有点相似。 I am wrong.Similarly，you are to blame.我错了。同样地，你也该受到谴责。The similarity between the two stories suggests Lowry wrote them both.两个故事类似，表明两篇都是洛利写的。完成句子这本小说的主题和那本小说的差不多。The theme of this novel of that novel.保罗和他哥哥长得很像。Paul

54、appearance to his brother.【答案】is similar to thatis very similar in单项填空Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ，our minds are developed by learning.AProbably BLikelyCSimilarly DGenerally【解析】根据句意和前后两句表示类比，只有C项Similarly“相似地；同样地”，修饰整个句子，符合句意。【答案】C9remark n谈论，评论When the Irish writer George Bernar

55、d Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.(教材P2)当爱尔兰作家萧伯纳讲那句名言英国和美国是被两种语言分开的两个国家的时候，他显然想到了它们的差别。They made rude remarks about her appearance.他们对她的外表横加粗暴的评论。Ellen later regretted her rem

56、arks about his private affairs.艾伦为自己对于他私事的评论感到后悔。This is a nice report worthy of special remark.这是一篇值得特别注意的正面报道。 have/make a remark upon/on/about/at 谈论，就发表意见make no remark 不加评论remark vt.谈到；评论；说(that) vi.(on/upon)议论；评论remark about/on/upon v评伦，谈论remarkable adj.卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的The editor remarked that art

57、icle was well written.编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。 They remarked on/upon the quality of the new product.他们在讨论新产品的质量。He showed remarkable courage when he faced the danger.他在面对危险的时候表现出非凡的勇气。【提示】remark用作及物动词时接名词、代词或that从句作宾语，可用于被动结构。用作不及物动词时，可与介词on，onto连用，表示“就发表评论”。完成句子他有说幽默话的习惯。He had a habit of .一家地方报纸评论说犯罪案件在减少。A

58、 local newspaper crime was on the decrease.【答案】 making humorous remarksremarked that10have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.(教材P2) 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。I know what I want to say but I have di

59、fficulty in putting it across.我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以表达清楚。I always have difficulty in pronouncing new words.在新单词的发音上我总是有困难。have much/ some/little/ no difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth.做有很大/一些/很少/没有困难have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth.在方面有困难have a hard/ good time (in) doing sth.做某事经历困难/愉快的时光have fun (in)doing sth.做某事很高兴、开心have fun玩得开心The students have great difficulty with this type of sentence.学生们对这种类型的句子感到困难。We had a good time (in) playing tennis.我们打网球打得很开心。The children have fun in playing hideandseek.孩子们从捉迷