TheLoveSongofJAlfredPrufrock赏析

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1、 托马斯斯特恩斯艾略特(Thomas Sterns Eliot)于1888年9月26日在密苏里州圣路易斯出生，他的家族来自于英国。TS艾略特在哈佛，巴黎索邦大学，牛津莫顿学院都进行过学习。 法国的众多象征主义诗人尤其是波德莱尔和拉福格深深影响了他早期的诗歌作品。他的学术背景则侧重于哲学和逻辑学。他于 1915年结婚并在英格兰定居，并第一次遇到了他的同代人艾滋尔庞德。他短暂地在海威克特姆文法学校教过一段时间书。1916年他在海格特小学做了4个学期的老师，当时10岁的约翰贝杰曼是他的学生之一。1917年3月，他加入了伦敦商业区的劳埃德银行，在国外和殖民区部门工作。 1917年，首部诗歌合订本普鲁夫

2、洛克及其他观察。他的第二部作品诗集于1919年手印出版 1920年他的批评小品集锦圣林问世。而他最著名的作品荒地发表在由他编辑的季刊标准1922年的首期杂志上。1927年他成为英国公民。灰色的星期三于1930年复活节出版。他的诗歌有各种版本的全选集，文学及社会评论的合订本，闻名的有小品选读，论诗篇和诗人和评文化的定义。 自从1927年斗士斯威尼片段开始，他尝试为戏剧创作诗歌。主要作品有磐石、大教堂中的谋杀、家族重聚等现在被普遍认为是他杰出代表作的四部四重奏分别是1936年烧毁了的诺顿， 1940年东科克， 1941年干萨尔维奇斯和1942年小吉丁。这些分散的诗作于1943年被收集到了一起 Si

3、o credesse che mia risposta fosse 假如我认为，我是回答 A persona che mai tornasse al mondo, 一个能转回阳世间的人， Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse. 那么，这火焰就不会再摇闪。 Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo 但既然，如我听到的果真 Non torno vivo alcun, siodo il vero, 没有人能活着离开这深渊， Senza tema dinfamia ti rispondo. 我回答你就不必害怕流言。 Let us

4、go then, you and I,那么我们走吧，你我两个人， When the evening is spread out against the sky正当朝天空慢慢铺展着黄昏 Like a patient etherized upon a table;好似病人麻醉在手术桌上； Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,我们走吧，穿过一些半清冷的街， The muttering retreats那儿休憩的场所正人声喋喋； Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels有夜夜不宁的下等歇夜旅店

5、 And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells和满地蚌壳的铺锯末的饭馆 Streets that follow like a tedious argument街连着街，好象一场讨厌的争议 Of insidious intent带着阴险的意图 To lead you to an overwhelming question .、要把你引向一个重大的问题 Oh, do not ask, “What is it?“唉，不要问，“那是什么？” Let us go and make our visit. 让我们快点去作客。 In the room the women

6、 come and go在客厅里女士们来回地走， Talking of Michelangelo.谈着画家米开朗基罗。 The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes,黄色的雾在窗玻璃上擦着它的背， The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes,黄色的烟在窗玻璃上擦着它的嘴， Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening,把它的舌头舐进黄昏的角落， Lingered upon the pools that s

7、tand in drains,徘徊在快要干涸的水坑上； Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys, 让跌下烟囱的烟灰落上它的背， Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap,它溜下台阶，忽地纵身跳跃， And seeing that it was a soft October night,看到这是一个温柔的十月的夜， Curled once about the house, and fell asleep. 它溜下台阶，忽地纵身跳跃，于是便在房子附近蜷伏起来安睡。 And inde

8、ed there will be time呵，确实地，总会有时间 For the yellow smoke that slides along the street,看黄色的烟沿着街滑行， Rubbing its back upon the window-panes;在窗玻璃上擦着它的背； There will be time, there will be time总会有时间，总会有时间 To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;装一副面容去会见你去见的脸； There will be time to murder and create

9、,总会有时间去暗杀和创新， And time for all the works and days of hands总会有时间让举起问题又丢进你盘里的 That lift and drop a question on your plate;双手完成劳作与度过时日； Time for you and time for me,有的是时间，无论你，无论我 And time yet for a hundred indecisions, ，还有的是时间犹豫一百遍， And for a hundred visions and revisions,或看到一百种幻景再完全改过， Before the taki

10、ng of a toast and tea. 在吃一片烤面包和饮茶以前。 In the room the women come and go在客厅里女士们来回地走， Talking of Michelangelo.谈着画家米开朗基罗。 And indeed there will be time呵，确实地，总还有时间 To wonder, “Do I dare?“ and, “Do I dare?“来疑问，“我可有勇气？”“我可有勇气？” Time to turn back and descend the stair,总还有时间来转身走下楼梯， With a bald spot in the m

11、iddle of my hair把一块秃顶暴露给人去注意 (They will say: “How his hair is growing thin!“) For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse（她们会说：“他的头发变得多么稀！”） My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,我的晨礼服，我的硬领在腭下笔挺， My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin我的领带雅致而多彩，用一个简朴的别针固

12、定 (They will say: “But how his arms and legs are thin!“)（她们会说：“可是他的胳膊腿多么细！”） Do I dare我可有勇气 Disturb the universe?搅乱这个宇宙？ In a minute there is time在一分钟里总还有时间 For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse. 决定和变卦，过一分钟再变回头。 For I have known them all already, known them all:因为我已经熟悉了她们，熟悉了她们所有的人

13、 Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,熟悉了那些黄昏，和上下午的情景， I have measured out my life with coffee spoons; 我是用咖啡匙子量走了我的生命； I know the voices dying with a dying fall我熟悉每当隔壁响起了音乐 Beneath the music from a farther room.话声就逐渐低微而至停歇。 So how should I presume? 所以我怎么敢开口？ And I have known the eyes alread

14、y, known them all而且我已熟悉那些眼睛，熟悉了她们所有的眼睛 The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,那些眼睛能用一句成语的公式把你盯住， And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,等我被客套制住了， When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,在墙上挣扎扭动， Then how should I begin那我怎么能开始吐出 To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways? 我的生活和习

15、惯的全部剩烟头？ And how should I presume?我又怎么敢开口？ And I have known the arms already, known them all而且我已经熟悉了那些胳膊，熟悉了她们所有的胳膊 Arms that are braceleted and white and bare那些胳膊带着镯子，又袒露又白净 (But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!) （可是在灯光下，显得淡褐色毛茸茸！） Is it perfume from a dress是否由于衣裙的香气 That makes me so

16、 digress?使得我这样话离本题？ Arms that lie along a table, or wrap about a shawl. 那些胳膊或围着肩巾，或横在案头。 And should I then presume?那时候我该开口吗？ And how should I begin?可是我怎么开始？ Shall I say, I have gone at dusk through narrow streets是否我说，我在黄昏时走过窄小的街， And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes看到孤独的男子只穿着衬衫 Of lonely

17、men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows? .倚在窗口，烟斗里冒着袅袅的烟？ I should have been a pair of ragged claws那我就会成为一对蟹螯 Scuttling across the floors of silent seas. 急急爬过沉默的海底。 And the afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully!啊，那下午，那黄昏，睡得多平静！ Smoothed by long fingers, 被纤长的手指轻轻抚爱， Asleep . tired . or it

18、 malingers,睡了倦慵的或者它装病， Stretched on the floor, here beside you and me.躺在地板上，就在你我脚边伸开。 Should I, after tea and cakes and ices,是否我，在用过茶、糕点和冰食以后， Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?有魄力把这一刻推到紧要的关头？ But though I have wept and fasted, wept and prayed,然而，尽管我曾哭泣和斋戒，哭泣和祈祷， Though I have seen

19、 my head (grown slightly bald) brought in upon a platter,尽管我看见我的头（有一点秃了）用盘子端了进来， I am no prophet-and heres no great matter;我不是先知这也不值得大惊小怪； I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker,我曾看到我伟大的时刻闪烁， And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker,我曾看到那永恒的“侍者”拿着我的外衣暗笑， And in short, I

20、was afraid. 一句话，我有点害怕。 And would it have been worth it, after all,而且，归根到底，是不是值得 After the cups, the marmalade, the tea,当小吃、果子酱和红茶已用过， Among the porcelain, among some talk of you and me,在杯盘中间，当人们谈着你和我， Would it have been worth while,是不是值得以一个微笑 To have bitten off the matter with a smile,把这件事情一口啃掉， To

21、have squeezed the universe into a ball把整个宇宙压缩成一个球， To roll it toward some overwhelming question,使它滚向某个重大的问题， To say: “I am Lazarus, come from the dead,说道：“我是拉撒路，从冥界 Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all“-来报一个信，我要告诉你们一切。” If one, settling a pillow by her head,万一她把枕垫放在头下一倚， Should say: “That

22、 is not what I meant at all;说道：“唉，我意思不是要谈这些； That is not it, at all.“不，我不是要谈这些。” And would it have been worth it, after all,那么，归根到底，是不是值得， Would it have been worth while,是否值得在那许多次夕阳以后， After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets,在庭院的散步和水淋过街道以后， After the novels, after the teacups,

23、after the skirts that trail along the floor在读小说以后，在饮茶以后，在长裙拖过地板以后， And this, and so much more?说这些，和许多许多事情？ It is impossible to say just what I mean I要说出我想说的话绝不可能！ But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:仿佛有幻灯把神经的图样投到幕上： Would it have been worth while 是否还值得如此难为情， If one, se

24、ttling a pillow or throwing off a shawl,假如她放一个枕垫或掷下披肩， And turning toward the window, should say:把脸转向窗户，甩出一句： “That is not it at all, “那可不是我的本意， That is not what I meant, at all.“ 那可绝不是我的本意。” No I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;不！我并非哈姆雷特王子，当也当不成； Am an attendant lord, one that will do我只是个

25、侍从爵士，为王家出行， To swell a progress, start a scene or two,铺排显赫的场面，或为王子出主意， Advise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,就够好的了；无非是顺手的工具， Deferential, glad to be of use,服服帖帖，巴不得有点用途， Politic, cautious, and meticulous;细致，周详，处处小心翼翼； Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;满口高谈阔论，但有点愚鲁； At times, indeed, almost

26、 ridiculous-有时候，老实说，显得近乎可笑， Almost, at times, the Fool.有时候，几乎是个丑角。 I grow old . I grow old .呵，我变老了我变老了 I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled.我将要卷起我的长裤的裤脚。 Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?我将把头发往后分吗？我可敢吃桃子？ I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.我将穿

27、上白法兰绒裤在海滩上散步。 I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.我听见了女水妖彼此对唱着歌。 I do not think that they will sing to me.我不认为她们会为我而唱歌。 I have seen them riding seaward on the waves我看过她们凌驾波浪驶向大海， Combing the white hair of the waves blown back梳着打回来的波浪的白发， When the wind blows the water white and black.当狂风把

28、海水吹得又黑又白。 We have lingered in the chambers of the sea我们留连于大海的宫室， By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown被海妖以红的和棕的海草装饰， Till human voices wake us, and we drown.一旦被人声唤醒，我们就淹死 关于开不开口的问题，一个犹豫彷徨者能够达到J. Alfred Prufrock先生的境界，也算得上是绝无仅有了。或者说将情歌写成这样一幅样子的人是绝无仅有。 而这个情歌，看来是唱给他求婚对象的，其实却是完全的内心读白，是在“In the

29、 room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo.”这样的环境下的紧张与彷徨，情欲与理性的对抗。想要说出口，但却没有勇气，怎么才能开口提求婚这个要求，就是情歌的关键。 Sio credesse che mia risposta fosse A persona che mai tornasse al mondo, Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse. Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo Non torno vivo alcun, siodo il vero, Se

30、nza tema dinfamia ti rispondo. 作者开首引用的但丁的诗歌，即是但丁在地狱里询问受罪的Guido，Guido则说：“假使我的回话是向着一个可以回到阳间的人，那么我的火光就不再闪烁了；但是，没有一个人可以从这里再走出去（假使我听到的这句话是真的），那么我就是回答了你也不怕什么。” 这完全是一段绝妙的开首，但丁可以从地狱里回去，所以他知道地狱是怎么个样子，而Hamlet虽然念叨着地狱，但他不知道自己能否从里面回来，也没有Guido可以来告诉他，就是这个不确定，使他的 理性无法允许他去做这个事情。而这个不确定，同样也是困扰着Prufrock，如果他们都能明确知道地狱里是什

31、么样子，也不会受到理性的困扰了。 Hamlet的悲剧不在于他的懦弱，而是在于他主体的软弱，杀父可以说是被剥夺了主体，所以他要复仇，然而一直由犹豫不决，因为理性把行动分成了两段，“知识（思想）与行动”。然而知识其实就是行动，两者没有区别。Hamlet只是不知道怎么做，他明确了心里的想法，但杀死他父亲的叔父，是个卑劣猥琐的人，杀死他根本无法解决Hamlet主体的问题。所以只有在最后那场混乱的决斗中他才敢报仇，因为之前他杀死了可以和他在美貌和道德上匹敌的雷欧提斯，使他的主体得到了满足，所以才能无顾忌得复仇。Hamlet的悲剧并不是犹豫，而是人类理性的悲剧，他并没有做错，但也只能这么做。 Prufro

32、ck的悲剧则更为深层，他根本无法开口，Hamlet则是明确自己的目标，但何时行动一直困扰着他，深层原因是主体的不满足。Prufrock则善于在冥想中夸大一切，诸如To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet; There will be time to murder and create, And time for all the works and days of hands That lift and drop a question on your plate; Time for you and time for me, And tim

33、e yet for a hundred indecisions, And for a hundred visions and revisions, 终于，他开始出现了幻觉 “Though I have seen my head grown slightly bald brought in upon a platter, I am no prophetand heres no great matter;” 这里运用了施洗约翰与沙乐美的典故进行反讽，装在盘子里的头颅却是一个中年男人微秃的头。 No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be; Am a

34、n attendant lord, one that will do To swell a progress, start a scene or two, Advise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool, Deferential, glad to be of use, Politic, cautious, and meticulous; Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse; At times, indeed, almost ridiculous Almost, at times, the Fool. 他觉得自己连Hamlet都不如。他宁愿成为一个不起眼的配角，甚至一个fool，最终他依然在那里，什么都没有做。 “We have lingered in the chambers of the sea By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown Till human voices wake us, and we drown.” 总体而言The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,就是理性的悲剧与反讽