【机械类文献翻译】冷冲裁模具

《【机械类文献翻译】冷冲裁模具》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【机械类文献翻译】冷冲裁模具（9页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、机械专业中英文文献翻译附件1：外文资料翻译译文冷冲裁模具随着制造行业的发展，材料加工方法也随着发展，其中冷冲压加工方法在制造行业得到了广泛的发展，特别在汽车制造行业。随着冷冲压加工方法的应用，许多汽车零件的外形和精度得到了改善。侧减震片的加工方法也得到了发展，最后由冷冲压加工而成。最近的几年里，冷冲压加工方法得到了广泛的发展。冷冲压是建立在金属塑性变形的基础上，在常温下利用安装在压力机上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生分离或塑性变形，从而获得一定形状、尺寸和性能的零件的一种加工方法。在冷加工中，将材料（金属或非金属）加工成零件（或半成品）的一种特殊工艺装备，称为冷冲压模具（俗称冷冲模）。冷冲模在

2、实现冷冲压加工中是必不可少的工艺装备，没有先进的模具技术，先进的冲压工艺就无法实现。随着国民经济的高速发展、冲压技术的发展和新型模具材料的不断研究开发，市场对模具的需求量不断增长，模具的结构也发生了一定的变化，对模具的制造，装配等都有了很大的影响。近年来，模具工业一直以15%左右的增长速度快速发展。模具是机械制造业中技术先进、影响深远的重要工艺装备,具有生产效率高、材料利用率高、制件质量优良、工艺适应性好等特点,被广泛应用于汽车、机械、航天、航空、轻工、电子、电器、仪表等行业。一、经过几十年的发展,冲压模具行业获得了飞速发展,具体体现在：(1)辅助设计/加工/工程技术得到广泛使用。(2)大型模

3、具企业拥有高速数控加工/加工中心/数控机床等先进的加工工艺与装备,可以开展RP/RT或模具逆向工程工作,硬件装备已经站在了与世界基本同步的水平线上。(3)在冲模的表面精整加工技术方面,开展了积极探索、积累了一些经验。 （4）以汽车覆盖件为代表的大型、复杂、精密冲压模具,采用CAD /CAM /CAE软件进行三维设计和模拟,减少试模时间和缩短周期。借助高速、精密的加工设备加工生产,获得良好的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度,用新型的研磨或抛光方法代替传统的手工研磨抛光,提高模具质量。这些都代表了冲压模具发展的趋势。二、国际模具制造业的技术特点如下：（1）产品专业化车身模具企业向专业化发展，如德国大众公司模具

4、厂、奥迪公司模具厂、SCHULLER公司，意大利COMAU公司，美国AUTODIE、SECKLY，日本丰田公司模具厂、荻原公司、富士公司，韩国现代汽车模具中心等。有的专业制造整体侧围模具，有的专业生产四门模具，有的专门生产地板及结构件模具。模具向多工位自动化以及级进模方向发展。（2）制造数字化三维实体设计广泛应用于模具制造中，二维DL图转为三维DL图后可直接用于有限元分析和数控编程，百分之百采用CAE分析。模具设计采用3D参数化设计。实现了不等厚板成形模具设计，将同模模具推向生产。模具数控加工技术包括实型铸造技术、精细化编程、高速加工技术、型面数控强化和修补技术。三、冲压模具制造技术发展趋势：

5、（1）制造冲压件用的传统金属材料，正逐步被高强钢板、涂敷镀层钢板、塑料夹层钢板和其他复合材料或高分子材料替代。随着材料科学的发展，加强研究各种新材料的冲压成形性能，不断发展和改善冲压成形技术。（2）精冲与半精冲、液压成形、旋压成形、爆炸成形、电水成形、电磁成形、超塑成形等技术得到不断发展和应用，某些传统的冲压加工方法将被它们所取代，产品的冲压加工趋于更合理、更经济。其中精密冲裁技术得到了较快发展，精密冲裁是一种先进制造技术，可取代某些零件的切削加工，具有优质、高效、低耗、应用广的特点。以齿圈压板精冲而论，在普通液压机上进行精冲，工艺装备简单而工件精密。它以金属板材为原料，采用少无切削的塑性加工

6、方法，一次成形即可得到尺寸精度高、剪切面粗糙度低的零件，采用精冲技术生产的零件称为精冲、件。(3) 随着计算机图形技术的发展成熟，近年来在冲压成形领域兴起了计算机辅助设计(CAD)、计算机辅助工程(CAE)和计算机辅助制造(CAM)技术。该技术的出现对传统冲压技术的变革产生了重要的影响。尤其是板料成形数值模拟技术的出现，使板料冲压成形技术彻底摆脱了“经验”和“定性”的水平，进入了“科学”和“定量”的发展阶段。采用这一技术进行板材冲压成形工艺过程的模拟，可以预知冲压成形过程中金属的流动、应力应变及厚度场的分布、模具受力及皱曲、破裂、冲击线等可能的缺陷及失效形式。这为优化工艺参数和模具结构提供了极

7、为有效的工具，在减少甚至取消试模过程，缩短产品开发周期，降低产品开发成本方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，已逐渐成为指导模具设计和优化的重要手段。(4)高速铣削加工，国内外近年来发展的高速铣削加工，大幅度提高了加工效率，并可获得极高的表面光洁度。另外，还可加工高硬度模块，还具有温升低、热变形小等优点。高速铣削加工技术的发展，对汽车、家电行业中大型型腔模具制造注入了新的活力。目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向发展。 (5)模具扫描及数字化系统，高速扫描机和模具扫描系统提供了从模型或实物扫描到加工出期望的模型所需的诸多功能，大大缩短了模具的在研制制造周期。有些快速扫描系统，可快速安装在已有的数控

8、铣床及加工中心上，实现快速数据采集、自动生成各种不同数控系统的加工程序、不同格式的CAD数据，用于模具制造业的“逆向工程”。模具扫描系统已在汽车、摩托车、家电等行业得到成功应用，相信在“十五”期间将发挥更大的作用。(6)优质材料及先进表面处理技术，选用优质钢材和应用相应的表面处理技术来提高模具的寿命就显得十分必要。模具热处理和表面处理是否能充分发挥模具钢材料性能的关键环节。模具热处理的发展方向是采用真空热处理。模具表面处理除完善应发展工艺先进的气相沉积、等离子喷涂等技术。四、冲压在机械制造中的地位及特点：冲压既能够制造尺寸很小的仪表零件，又能够制造诸如汽车大梁、压力容器封头一类的大型零件；既能

9、够制造一般尺寸公差等级和形状的零件，又能够制造精密（公差在微米级）和复杂形状的零件。占全世界钢产60%70%以上的板材、管材及其他型材，其中大部分经过冲压制成成品。冲压在汽车、机械、家用电器、电机、仪表、航空航天、兵器等制造中，具有十分重要的地位。冲压件的重量轻、厚度薄、刚度好。它的尺寸公差是由模具保证的，所以质量稳定，一般不需再经机械切削即可使用。冷冲压件的金属组织与力学性能优于原始坯料，表面光滑美观。冷冲压件的公差等级和表面状态优于热冲压件6。 冲压生产的工艺和设备正在不断发展，除传统的使用压力机和钢制模具制造冲压件外，液压成形以及旋压成形、超塑成形、爆炸成形、电水成形、电磁成形等各种特种

10、冲压成形工艺亦迅速发展，把冲压的技术水平提高到了一个新的高度。特种冲压成形工艺尤其适合多品种的中小批量（甚至是数十件）零件的生产。对于普通冲压工艺，可采用简易模具、低熔点合金模具、成组模具和冲压柔性制造系统等，组织多品种的中小批量零件的冲压加工。总之，冲压模具具有生产率高、加工成本低、材料利用率高、操作简单、便于实现机械化与自动化等一系列优点。采用冲压与焊接、胶接等复合工艺，使零件结构更趋合理，加工更为方便，可以用较简单的工艺制造出更复杂的结构件。附件2：外文原文known as DieWith the development of manufacturing industry, materi

11、als processing methods with the development of processing methods which cold stamping industry in the manufacture of a wide range of development, especially in the automotive manufacturing industry. With the cold stamping process applications, and many auto parts form and accuracy improved. Side dam

12、ping film processing method has also made progress, and finally formed by cold stamping process. Recent years, cold stamping process has been widely development.cold pressing is built on the metal plastic deformation, based on the use of the installation at room temperature in the mold press to exer

13、t pressure on the material to produce separation or plastic deformation, and thus obtain a certain shape, size and performance parts a processing methods. In the cold will materials (metal or non-metallic) processing into parts (or semi-finished products) is a special technique and equipment, known

14、as the cold stamping die (commonly known as Die). Die in the achievement of cold stamping processing technique and equipment is essential, there is no mold advanced technology, advanced stamping process can not be achieved. With the rapid development of the national economy, stamping technology deve

15、lopment and new types of mold material constant research and development, the markets growing demand for mold, mold also occurred in the structure of certain changes in mold manufacturing and assembly have been greatly affected. In recent years, the mold industry has been around 15 percent to the gr

16、owth rate of rapid development. Mold is a technologically advanced machinery manufacturing industry, an important and far-reaching process equipment, with the production of high efficiency, high utilization of materials, parts quality, technological adaptability and good characteristics, are widely

17、used in automobiles, machinery, aerospace, aviation, light industry, electronics, electrical appliances, instrumentation and other industries. First, after decades of development, stamping die industry was the rapid development, embodied in: (1)-aided design / processing / engineering and technology

18、 are widely used. (2) large-scale enterprises have a high-speed mold CNC machining / Machining Center / CNC machine tools and other advanced processing technology and equipment, they can conduct RP / RT or Die reverse engineering work, hardware and equipment have been standing with the world level o

19、f the basic synchronous online . (3) in the die surface finishing processing technology, to carry out an active exploration and accumulated some experience. (4) automotive panel, represented by large, complex, precision stamping die, using CAD / CAM / CAE software for three-dimensional design and si

20、mulation to reduce the test time and shorten the cycle mode. With high-speed, precision processing equipment production, access to good dimensional accuracy and surface roughness, using a new type of grinding or polishing method to replace the traditional manual abrasive polishing, to improve the qu

21、ality of mold. These represent the development trend of stamping dies. Second, the international mold manufacturing technical characteristics are as follows: (1) product specialization body mold enterprises to professional development, such as Germany Volkswagen mold factory, mold factory Audi AG, S

22、CHULLER companies, companies COMAU Italy, the United States AUTODIE, SECKLY, Japans Toyota Mold Factory, Ogihara, Fujitsu Corporation, Hyundai Motor Dies center. Some professional mold manufacturing overall Wai side, some specializing in the production of four molds, and some specialize in the produ

23、ction floor and the structure of mold. Die to the Multi-Position Progressive Die automation and direction. (2) to create digital three-dimensional physical design widely used in mold manufacturing, the two-dimensional to three-dimensional map DL after DL chart can be used directly in finite element

24、analysis and numerical control programming, the use of CAE analysis of 100 percent. Mold Design using 3D parametric design. Achieved a range of plate forming mold design, mold to the same mode of production. Die CNC machining technology, including EPC technology, the refinement of programming, high-

25、speed processing technology, face NC technology to strengthen and repair. Third, stamping die manufacturing technology development trends: (1) manufacturing stampings with traditional metal materials, are gradually being high-strength steel plate, coated steel plating, plastic laminated steel and ot

26、her composite materials or polymer materials substitution. With the development of materials science, strengthen the research of new materials stamping performance, continuous development and improvement of metal forming technology. (2) fine blanking and semi-fine blanking, hydroforming, spinning fo

27、rming, explosive forming, electric water forming, electromagnetic forming, superplastic forming, such as technology development and applications, some of the traditional processing methods will be stamping their replaced by punching processing products become more reasonable and more economical. Fin

28、e Blanking technology which has been relatively rapid development, Fine Blanking is an advanced manufacturing technology, can be used to replace certain parts machining with high-quality, high efficiency, low consumption, application characteristics of Canton. Gear plate in terms of fine blanking, i

29、n ordinary hydraulic fine blanking machine, technique and equipment is simple and precision workpiece. Its sheet metal as raw material, the use of less without cutting the plastic processing methods, one can get the size shape and high precision, low-shear surface roughness of the parts, the use of

30、fine blanking technology known as fine blanking parts, pieces. (3) With the development of computer graphics technology matures, the field of metal forming in recent years the rise of the computer-aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology.

31、 The technology of traditional stamping technology changes have had an important impact. Especially the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming technology, so that sheet metal forming technology to rid itself of the experience and qualitative level, has entered a scientific and quantitative stag

32、e of development. The use of this technology for sheet metal forming process simulation, you can predict metal stamping process flow, stress and strain and thickness distribution, die by the strength and wrinkle, break down, the impact of lines of possible defects and failure mode. This is to optimi

33、ze process parameters and die structure provides a very effective tool in reducing or even abolishing the test mode process, shorten the product development cycle and reduce the cost of product development plays an increasingly important role, has become the guiding mold design and optimization an i

34、mportant tool. (4) high-speed milling process, both at home and abroad in recent years the development of high-speed milling process to improve the processing efficiency, and access to high surface finish. In addition, high hardness module can also be processed, also has a low temperature rise, ther

35、mal deformation of the small advantages. High-speed milling technology, automobile, home appliance industry, a large cavity mold manufacturing has injected new vitality. At present it has more agile, intelligent, integrated direction. (5) die scanning and digitizing system, high-speed scanners and m

36、old scanning system provides a model or in kind from the scan to be processed into the desired model number of the necessary functions, greatly reducing the mold in the development of the manufacturing cycle. Some quick scan system, which can quickly installed in existing CNC milling machine and mac

37、hining center, the fast data acquisition, automatic generation of a variety of CNC machining process, the CAD data in different formats for the mold manufacturing industry Reverse Engineering. Die scanning system has been in the automotive, motorcycle, household appliances and other industries has b

38、een successfully applied, I believe in the Tenth Five-Year period will play a greater role. (6) high-quality materials and advanced surface treatment technologies, high-quality steel and application of the corresponding surface treatment technology to improve the life of mold it is very necessary. M

39、old heat treatment and surface treatment can give full play to the die steel material properties of the key link. Mold heat treatment is the development direction of vacuum heat treatment. In addition to improving the mold surface treatment technology should be developed advanced vapor deposition, p

40、lasma spraying techniques. Fourth, stamping machinery manufacturers in the position and characteristics: Pressing both capable of producing small-size instrument parts, but also capable of producing beams, such as automotive, pressure vessel head for a class of large parts; both capable of producing

41、 the general size and shape of the tolerance level of spare parts, also capable of producing precision (tolerances in the micron level ) and the complex shapes of parts. The worlds steel production accounted for 60% 70% of the plates, tubes and other profiles, most of which are made after stamping p

42、roducts. Stamping in the automotive, machinery, household appliances, electrical, instrumentation, aerospace, weapons manufacturing, a very important position. Stamping parts of the light weight, thickness, stiffness good. Its size tolerance is guaranteed by the mold, so the quality of stability, in

43、 general no longer be used by mechanical cutting. Cold metal stampings and mechanical properties superior to the original blank, smooth surface appearance. Cold stamping tolerance level and surface state is superior to hot-stamping parts 6. Stamping production technology and equipment is growing, wi

44、th the exception of the use of the traditional mold presses and steel stampings, the hydroforming and spinning forming, superplastic forming, explosive forming, electric water forming, electromagnetic forming a variety of special Stamping technology is also developing rapidly, the press raise the le

45、vel of skills to a new height. Special metal forming process is particularly suitable for many species of small and medium-sized quantities (or even dozens of) parts production. For ordinary stamping process, to be used in simple mold, low melting point alloy die, die and stamping group flexible man

46、ufacturing systems, organizations and more species of small and medium-sized quantities of stamping parts processing. In short, stamping die with high productivity, low processing costs, material utilization high, simple operation, easy to achieve mechanization and automation are a number of advantages. The use of stamping and welding, bonding and other composite process, so that more reasonable structural parts, processing more convenient, you can use relatively simple technology to create more complex structure.