初中英语语法之——定语从句

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1、三、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语1)The boys _are playing soccer are from Class 1. 2)Yesterday I helped an old man _lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，常可省略。1) Mr. Liu is the person _you talked about. 2) The man _you met just now is my friend. (whom/who) who/whom whowho 3. which指物，在定语从句中做

2、主语或者宾语， 做宾语时可省略1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom； 指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 1) The people _come to visit the city are all here. (做主语) 2) Where is the man _I saw this morning? (做宾语)做主语做宾语that/whothat/who

3、m/who 小结：that:既可指人,也可指物. 作主语, 不能省略； 作宾语, 可以省略。which:指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略.who 指人，作主语，不能省略； 作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom） 注: 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句 的谓语动词形式由先行词定.1)Im reading a book that/which _about Bill Gates.2) He is a teacher who/ that_ us Chinese.3)The boys who _playing soccer are from Class 1. 5. whose通常指人,也可指

4、物,在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend _father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house_ roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。is teachesarewhose whose 四. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分(一)不用that的情况 1. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 1)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (_) 2)The tree, which is four hundr

5、ed years old, is very famous here. (_)2. 介词后不能用。 1) We depend on the land from _we get our food. 2) We depend on the land _we get our food from. 错对whichthat/which (二) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 外), all, none, few, little, some 等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all,

6、some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：1)Have you taken down everything _ Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来吗？2) All _ can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。3) There is little _I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。thatthat that 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代who，如：1) Any man _ has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

7、2)All the guests_ were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。that / who that / who 2当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place _ they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film_ I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。that that 4当先行词被the very, t

8、he only , the last修饰时。1)This is the very dictionary _ I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _ he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school _ will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。thatthat who 5当先行词前

9、面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：1)Who is the man_ is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？2)Which is the T-shirt _ fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？6当先行词为人与物时。如： 1)They talked about the persons and things _ they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。2)Look at the man and his donkey _ are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的

10、人和他的 毛驴。 thatthatthat that 1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/that3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.which/thatwhose 4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy wit

11、h _ John spoke is my brother. which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him. which/that 7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy. thatthat that 1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved

12、 the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle. 3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher. Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was

13、from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that 5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for

14、10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whose whosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that. Exercise 2. 1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatt

15、hat that当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that. 4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或w

16、hich 引导的特殊疑问句时，或中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. that that 1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。1) Shanghai is the city _I was born. = Shanghai is the city _was born in.2) The house _I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.The house_ I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.五、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词：where, when,

17、why在句中作状语。wherewhichwhere which 2. when引导定语从句表示时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 也可做连接词用 .1) I still remember the day _I first came to the school. 2) The time _we got together finally came.3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason _you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason _he looks unhappy today. whe

18、nwhen whywhy 六. 关系副词when, where和 关系代词that, which的区分1.同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。 这主要看两点： 一是定语从句是否完整； 二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子： 1)This is the park_ we visited last year.2)This is the park _we held a birthday party.3)She wont forget the days _she spent o

19、n the island.4)She wont forget the days_ they stayed together.5)Thats the date _we went to the college.6)Thats the date _she wont forget for ever.7)I like the time _we lived together.8)I like the time _we had together. thatwhere that whenwhenthatwhenthat 2. 关系副词when, where, why 和“介词+which” 之间的关系。关系副

20、词when, where, why可以用“适当的介词+which”来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 (1) The reason _he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year _he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)This is the room _I live

21、d. = This is the room _I lived in.(4)Tom still remembers the days _they lived in Tianjin.Why( )when ( )where ( )in whichin whichfor whichwhich when ()in which 注意：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副when ,where和why 互换。 1) This is the house _I lived two years ago. =This i

22、s the house where I lived two years ago. 2) Do you remember the day you joined our club? =Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 3) This is the reason why he came late. =This is the reason _he came late. in whichon whichfor which Exercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A

23、. which B. when C. that D. on that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan. A. which B. what C. why D. for that 3. Is this the place _ you were born?A. which B.where C.what D.that 1. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that 2. Is this the place _ some German friends visit

24、ed last year? A. which B.where C.what D. why 3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.A. which B.where C.what D.that4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.A. that B.where C.what D. why 5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy, but she doesnt belie

25、ve the reason _ he gives her. A. why; why B. why; which C. that; why D. which; why 一.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns and adverbs.1. This is the only book _ I got last year.2. Is this the book in _ you are interested?3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.4. Rose still

26、remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother school.5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful. thatwhichthat thatthat 6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory?7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father.8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. thatw

27、hich thatthatwhichwherewhere 12. This is the garden _ they visited last time.13. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home.14. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day.15. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.16. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining. that thatwhenthatwhen where thatthat whenwhom thatthat thatWhich that