黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2021届高三英语下学期第四次模拟考试试题【含解析】

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1、黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2021届高三英语下学期第四次模拟考试试题（含解析）注意事项:本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。第 I 卷注意事项:1. 答第 I 卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上所对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分 听力(共三节，满分 30 分)第一节 (共 5 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C

2、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. How does the man plan to find a used car?A. Through an advertisement. B. On the Internet. C. Through a car dealer.2. What is the woman going to do?A. Go home first. B. Give the man a lift. C. Go shopping with the man.3. What are t

3、he speakers mainly talking about?A. A book. B. A bookstore. C. A writer.4. What season is it now?A. Spring. B. Autumn. C. Winter.5. What present has the man bought?A. A pair of gloves. B. Some flowers. C. A book.第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对

4、话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，问答第 6、7 题。6. What are the speakers doing?A. Interviewing a champion. B. Talking about a new world record.C. Reporting a match live.7. What do we know about Paul Timmons?A. He isnt in the lead all the time.B. He is talented in compet

5、ing.C. He breaks a world record.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8. What is the woman probably?A. A writer. B. A tour guide. C. A reporter.9. What is on the mans right?A. A park. B. A statue. C. A palace.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10. When did the man buy the T-shirt?A. A few weeks ago. B. A couple of days ago. C. Ye

6、sterday.11. Why cant the woman change the T-shirt for the man?A. He wore the T-shirt a few times. B. He didnt keep the proof of purchase.C. He bought the T-shirt in the sale.12. What will the woman do next?A. Change the T-shirt for the man. B. Have a word with her manager.C. Give the mans money back

7、.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Mother and son. B. Wife and husband. C. Employer and employee.14. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Balance the budget. B. Buy a cheaper guitar. C. Find another job.15. What is the mans problem?A. He cant

8、 join a band. B. He cant make ends meet.C. He cant find a satisfying job.16. How does the man feel about the womans words?A. Impatient. B. Embarrassed. C. Disappointed.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17. What prize did the youngest group get?A. The second prize. B. The third prize. C. The fourth prize.18. W

9、hat should Eastside practice more?A. The dance. B. The music. C. The song.19. Why did The Storm win the first prize?A. They danced wonderfully. B. The guitarist played very well.C. The singer performed perfectly.20. What kind of person is the speaker?A. Humorous. B. Serious. C. Boring.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，

10、满分 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，共 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。AQ&A on COVID-19 Vaccination in ChinaChina has granted conditional marketing authorization for the first COVID-19 vaccine, and many places have planned to carry out mass vaccinations. Here are answers to some frequently asked qu

11、estions about vaccination.1. How can one make a reservation to get a shot? Who can get vaccinated as soon as possible?On Dec 5, China started vaccinating key groups. Individuals in these groups could not make a reservation themselves; instead local authorities would arrange for these individuals to

12、be vaccinated. After that, local authorities will arrange for service to the general public.People aged between 18 and 59 are eligible for the COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccination involves two shots, administered 14 days apart. The COVID-19 vaccines are provided to citizens for free.2. Who is not e

13、ligible for vaccination?Those who should not get vaccinated include pregnant women, lactating (哺乳期) women and patients with the following diseases:Patients in an acute stage of fever and infection; suffering from immune deficiency or immune disorder; having severe liver or kidney diseases; having un

14、controlled hypertension ( 高血压), diabetic complications (糖尿病并发症) or malignant tumors (恶行肿瘤);Patients with other progressive nervous system diseases and mental diseases or family history of such diseases;Patients who have been diagnosed with congenital ( 先 天 性 的 ) or acquired immunodeficiency, HIV inf

15、ection, lymphoma ( 淋 巴 瘤 ), leukemia ( 白 血 病 ) or other autoimmune diseases;Patients with severe respiratory ( 呼吸) disease and severe cardiovascular ( 心脑血管) disease.3. Is it necessary to maintain prevention and control measures after vaccination?Since no vaccine can provide 100 percent protection, a

16、 few vaccinated individuals could still get infected. The population immunity barrier has not been established at present. People still need to wear masks, maintain social distancing and practice good hygiene after vaccination.4. What to do when an adverse reaction occurs?According to the informed c

17、onsent ( 许 可 ) for vaccination, side effects include pain, itching, swelling, numbness and redness at the area where the shot is given, and other reactions include fatigue, fever, muscle pain, headache, cough, diarrhea ( 腹泻), nausea ( 恶心), loss of appetite and allergy.Places providing vaccinations a

18、re required to have medical rescue ability and be associated with local hospitals. Those receiving a vaccination must remain at the service site 30 minutes before leaving.5. Is it okay if people dont want to be vaccinated?Vaccination is voluntary. But China has planned to build a population immunity

19、 barrier, which can only be established when the vaccination rate reaches 60 to 70 percent. The general public is encouraged to get vaccinated.1. Which one of the below people can get vaccinated?A. A 20-year-old college student who lost his appetite due to staying up late.B. A 30-year-old pregnant w

20、oman.C. A 40-year-old man diagnosed with malignant liver cancer.D. A 65-year-old healthy woman.2. When approximately people in China get vaccinated, a population immunity barrier can be established.A. 1.4 billionB. 9000 millionC. 900 millionD. 90 million3. According to the passage, which one is corr

21、ect?A. Those receiving a vaccination can leave the service site within 30 minutes if healthy.B. Every Chinese citizen must get vaccinated.C. People may get numbness and redness all over the body after vaccinated.D. People still need to wear masks even after the two shots of vaccination.【答案】1. A 2. C

22、 3. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国首批新冠肺炎疫苗已获得有条件上市许可，多地计划大规模接种疫苗。文章解答了疫苗接种中的常见问题。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据问题1中“People aged between 18 and 59 are eligible for the COVID-19 vaccination.(年龄在18岁至59岁之间的人群有资格接种COVID-19疫苗。)”可知，新冠肺炎疫苗接种年龄是18岁至59岁之间。所以D选择项不符合；根据问题2中“Those who should not get vaccinated include pregnant women

23、, lactating (哺乳期) women and patients with the following diseases(不应接种疫苗的包括孕妇、哺乳期妇女和患有下列疾病的患者: )”可知，孕妇不适宜打此疫苗。所以B选择项不符合；“having severe liver or kidney diseases; having uncontrolled hypertension ( 高血压), diabetic complications (糖尿病并发症) or malignant tumors (恶行肿瘤);(患有严重肝肾疾病的;患有高血压、糖尿病并发症或恶性肿瘤的;)”可知，患有恶性肝

24、癌不适合打此疫苗。所以C选择项不符合。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据问题5中“But China has planned to build a population immunity barrier, which can only be established when the vaccination rate reaches 60 to 70 percent. (但中国计划建立一个群体免疫屏障，只有当接种率达到60 - 70%时才能建立。)”并根据常识可知，中国人口大约14亿，所以其60 - 70%大约是9亿左右。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据问题3中“People still

25、need to wear masks, maintain social distancing and practice good hygiene after vaccination. (接种疫苗后，人们仍需佩戴口罩，保持社交距离，保持良好卫生习惯。)”可知，即使注射了两次疫苗，人们仍然需要戴口罩。故选D。B阅读理解。A tender woman, or an independent one, which one would you prefer? A recent research shows that most people would choose the latter.This type

26、 of woman is called a nhanzi (“tough woman”). Experts believe these characteristics have social and psychological roots among young females in China. Su Haos friends all call her a tough woman, because she can finish tough tasks usually carried out by men. For example, she carries 10-litre water to

27、her dormitory on the 5th floor. “I depend on no one but myself,” she says.According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily, tough women have become rather common in society. Of the 21,265 respondents, 78.5 percent said they are familiar with a tough woman. About 50 percent said they like women with

28、 tough characteristics, while less than 29 percent expressed the opposite view.Why are tough women gaining popularity? Shen Meng, a psychological consultant, believes the fierce competition in society is contributing to this trend. “Women are often in a disadvantaged position compared to men,” Shen

29、says. “In order to survive, they have to be independent, strong and tough.” Liu Xiaolin, professor of psychology at Wuhan Mental Health Center, believes tough women are brought up this way. They are often on close relationship with their fathers, who teach their daughters to be brave and decisive,”

30、he says. As a result, these women are more likely to be psychologically healthy and more tolerant to stress, according to Liu.Though Liu believes that this is a good trend, Hu Shenzhi, a psychologist at the Guangdong Sunflower Counseling Center, says the popularity of tough woman indicates an unclea

31、r line between gender identities, which can lead to relationship problems. “Some women with characteristics that differ from the traditional female image may have a difficult time finding Mr Right,” he says.“Even if they get married, their manly characteristics might cause family conflicts.4. Which

32、of the followings does NOT belong to the characteristics of a tough woman?A. She is independent of others in daily life.B. She is soft and tender to others.C. She is more tolerant to stress.D. She can solve problems usually for men.5. How many respondents like tough women?A. About 10,600.B. About 16

33、,700.C. 21,265.D. About 6,200.6. Why are there more tough women nowadays?A. Because tough women are more lovely.B. Because more women want to be independent.C. Because girls often love fathers more.D. Because of the fierce competition in society.7. What problems may tough women have in their life?A.

34、 Its difficult for them to be friends.B. They often suffer gender confusion.C. They may have difficulty with marriage.D. They have different characteristics form traditional female images.【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项社会调查在温柔女人和独立的女人之间，大多数人会喜欢后者。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“A tender woman, or

35、an independent one, which one would you prefer?(温柔的女人，还是独立的女人，你喜欢哪一个？)”可知，和“女汉子”对立的一方是柔弱的女子，那么柔弱不是女汉子的特点。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Of the 21,265 respondents, 78.5 percent said they are familiar with a tough woman. About 50 percent said they like women with tough characteristics, while less than 29 per

36、cent expressed the opposite view.(在21265名受访者中，78.5%的人说他们熟悉“女强人”。约50%的人说他们喜欢性格强硬的女人，而只有不到29%的人持相反观点)”可知，在21265个采访中，约50%的人表示他们喜欢女汉子的特质。由此可知，喜欢女汉子的人数约为21265*50%=6,200。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。从本文第四段中的“Shen Meng, a psychological consultant, believes the fierce competition in society is contributing to this trend

37、. “Women are often in a disadvantaged position compared to men,” Shen says. “In order to survive, they have to be independent, strong and tough.”(心理咨询师沈孟认为，社会上激烈的竞争是造成这一趋势的原因。她说：“相比于男性，女性常常处于劣势地位。”“为了生存，他们必须独立、坚强和坚韧。”)”可知，激烈的社会竞争是导致当今女汉子增多的原因。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Even if they get married, their

38、manly characteristics might cause family conflicts.(即使她们结婚了，她们的男子气概也可能导致家庭冲突)”可知，她们可能在婚姻中会出现问题。故选C。CIn 1926, US automaker Henry Ford shortened its employees workweek from six eight-hour days to five, with no pay cuts. Its something workers and labor unions had been calling for. Ford wasnt responding

39、 to worker demands； he was being a businessman. He expected increased productivity and knew workers with more time and money would buy and use the products they were making. It was a way of encouraging consumerism and productivity to increase profits, and it succeeded.Since standardization of the 40

40、-hour workweek in the mid-20th century, everything has changed but the hours. If anything, many people are working even longer hours, especially in North America. This has a severe influence on human health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one

41、 person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Now, women make up 42 percent of the worlds full-time workforce. Technology has made a lot of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work t

42、he same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up ever more of Earths supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. Its time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil-fueled life

43、styles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK think tank, New Economics （经济学）Foundation, argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems： overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of t

44、ime to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life.Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite （有限的）planet dont make sense. Its time for a change in our economic thinking.8. Why did Ford decide to shorten the workweek?A. To cut workers pay.B. To make more profits

45、.C. To respond to worker demands.D. To meet labor unions requirements.9. What change in the workforce happened after World War ?A. More women worked full-time.B. The number of laborers decreased.C. Technology enabled people to work shorter hours.D. It was unnecessary for a familys oldest male to wor

46、k.10. What can we infer from the third paragraph?A. Longer working hours means better consumption ability.B. The 21st century sees the longest working hours in history.C. The cycle of hard work and consumption should be changed.D. Pausing our way of living can change the present workweek.11. New Eco

47、nomics Foundation thinks a 21-hour workweek will _.A. increase unemploymentB. cause various problemsC. encourage people to enjoy lifeD. challenge the economic growth【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。讨论了随着经济和社会各个方面的发展，每周工作时长的规定也有必要调整。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“It was a way of encouraging consumerism a

48、nd productivity to increase profits, and it succeeded.”这是鼓励消费主义和提高生产力以增加利润的一种方式，而且成功了。可知，福特公司的举措的目的是鼓励消费和提高工作效率，进而提高效益。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Now, women make up 42 percent of the worlds

49、full-time workforce.”在第二次世界大战之前，一个家庭中有一个人(通常是最年长的男性)全职工作是很常见的。如今，女性占全球全职劳动力的42%。可知，二战之前每个家庭中一般是最年长的男性工作，而在那之后至今，越来越多的女性成为主要劳动力。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption”在一个看似永无止境的艰苦工作和消费循环中。和“Its time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from f

50、ossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.”是时候停下来考虑更好的生活方式了，比如从化石燃料驱动的生活方式转变为我们以消费者为基础的工作周。可知，努力工作和消费的循环应该改变。故选C项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The UK think tank, New Economics （经济学）Foundation, argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnecte

51、d problems： overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life.”英国智库，新经济基金会,认为一周工作标准又将会解决许多相互关联的问题：“过度劳累、失业、过度消费、高碳排放、低福利以及没有时间去可持续地生活，相互照顾和简单的享受生活”。可知，新经济基金会认为每周工作21个小时能够鼓励了人们享受生

52、活。故选C项。【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第3题文章中，根据第三段“a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption”在一个看似永无止境的艰苦工作和消费循环中。和“Its time to pause and consider better ways to live

53、 like shifting from fossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.”是时候停下来考虑更好的生活方式了，比如从化石燃料驱动的生活方式转变为我们以消费者为基础的工作周。可知，努力工作和消费的循环应该改变。故选C项。DThe cancer death rate in the U.S. fell by the most on record as advances in treatments for lung tumors （肿瘤） like video-assisted

54、surgery helped prolong the lives of patients.The death rate from cancer has been gradually declining for 26 years thanks in large part to fewer people smoking cigarettes. But from 2016 to 2017, the most recent period available, it dropped by 2.2%, the most ever in a single year, according to a repor

55、t released Wednesday by the American Cancer Society. That compares with an average 1.5% yearly decline over the decade. The drop translates to roughly 2.9 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred had death rates remained at their peak. For lung cancer specifically, the death rate decline

56、d 4.3% annually from 2013 to 2017.It is really lung cancer that is driving this, said Rebecca Siegel, scientific director of surveillance research at the American Cancer Society, and lead author on the new study. We found increases in survival for lung cancer at every stage in diagnosis.”, She attri

57、buted the lower deaths to improvements in treatments, including video-assisted surgery that enables more patients with early lung tumors to become eligible for operations; more precise radiation treatment; and better scanning technology that allows doctors to better assess the stage of tumor, so the

58、 patient gets the best treatment right away. At later stages of illness, new, targeted drugs that aim at specific disease-causing genes are helping patients whose tumors have those genetic flaws （缺陷）.Overall, lung cancer death rates have dropped by 51% for men since their peak in 1990, and by 26% fo

59、r women since their peak in 2002.Theres the potential for more progress in future reports. Thats because the latest death-rate statistics go only through 2017, and likely dont include the potential impact in lung cancer death from immune-therapy drugs. They became widely used in lung cancer only in

60、the past few years.The report, based on U.S. government data, isnt all good news. Prostate （前列腺）cancer death rates have leveled off recently after a period of decline. That may be because many doctors pulled back on using the controversial prostate-specific antigen test, or PSA, which can spot the d

61、isease but can lead to over-treatment of men who may never have died from their tumors.Though it was definitely causing harm, it was also contributing to declines in death, Siegel said. Whats needed now is better screening tests to detect only the prostate cancers that will go on to cause harm.Popul

62、ation death rates are considered one of the most reliable ways of measuring progress in cancer treatment and prevention. By contrast, cancer survival rates can sometimes be influenced by improvements in diagnosing tiny, early stage tumors that wouldnt necessarily be deadly.12. According to paragraph

63、 2, _.A. cancer death rate reached its peak in 2017B. death rate decreases over the past 2 decadesC. 2.9 million people die of cancer in America every yearD. most of the cancer patients in America suffer from lung cancer13. We can learn from the passage that _.A. female death rate of lung cancer dro

64、ps more than that of maleB. targeted drugs have led to rapid increase in cancer death ratesC. better scanning technology will lead to improvement in treating genetic flawsD. improper use of prostate-specific antigen test can lead to over-treatment of men14. The underlined expression level off” in paragraph 5 means _.A. remain unchangedB. show upC. take offD. become sharp15. What might be the best title of the passage?A. Medical Progress Prolonging Patients LivesB. Cancer Death Rates Dropping at the Fastest PaceC. Significant Improvement in Treating Lung